Resynthesizing behavior through phylogenetic refinement

Attention Perception & Psychophysics, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 81(7), P. 2265 - 2287

Published: June 3, 2019

This article proposes that biologically plausible theories of behavior can be constructed by following a method "phylogenetic refinement," whereby they are progressively elaborated from simple to complex according phylogenetic data on the sequence changes occurred over course evolution. It is argued sufficient exist make this approach possible, and result more effectively delineate true biological categories neurophysiological mechanisms than do approaches based definitions putative functions inherited psychological traditions. As an example, used sketch theoretical framework how basic feedback control interaction with world was during vertebrate evolution, give rise functional architecture mammalian brain. The results provide conceptual taxonomy naturally map neuroanatomical offer context for defining that, it argued, better grounded in biology some traditional concepts cognitive science.

Language: Английский

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The Jellyfish Cassiopea Exhibits a Sleep-like State

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 27(19), P. 2984 - 2990.e3

Published: Sept. 21, 2017

Language: Английский

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Neuronal wiring diagram of an adult brain

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 30, 2023

Abstract Connections between neurons can be mapped by acquiring and analyzing electron microscopic (EM) brain images. In recent years, this approach has been applied to chunks of brains reconstruct local connectivity maps that are highly informative, yet inadequate for understanding function more globally. Here, we present the first neuronal wiring diagram a whole adult brain, containing 5×10 7 chemical synapses ∼130,000 reconstructed from female Drosophila melanogaster . The resource also incorporates annotations cell classes types, nerves, hemilineages, predictions neurotransmitter identities. Data products available download, programmatic access, interactive browsing made interoperable with other fly data resources. We show how derive projectome, map projections regions, connectome. demonstrate tracing synaptic pathways analysis information flow inputs (sensory ascending neurons) outputs (motor, endocrine, descending neurons), across both hemispheres, central optic lobes. Tracing subset photoreceptors all way motor illustrates structure uncover putative circuit mechanisms underlying sensorimotor behaviors. technologies open ecosystem FlyWire Consortium set stage future large-scale connectome projects in species.

Language: Английский

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Bioelectric networks: the cognitive glue enabling evolutionary scaling from physiology to mind

Animal Cognition, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 26(6), P. 1865 - 1891

Published: May 19, 2023

Abstract Each of us made the remarkable journey from mere matter to mind: starting life as a quiescent oocyte (“just chemistry and physics”), slowly, gradually, becoming an adult human with complex metacognitive processes, hopes, dreams. In addition, even though we feel ourselves be unified, single Self, distinct emergent dynamics termite mounds other swarms, reality is that all intelligence collective intelligence: each consists huge number cells working together generate coherent cognitive being goals, preferences, memories belong whole not its parts. Basal cognition quest understand how Mind scales—how large numbers competent subunits can work become intelligences expand scale their possible goals. Crucially, trick turning homeostatic, cell-level physiological competencies into large-scale behavioral limited electrical brain. Evolution was using bioelectric signaling long before neurons muscles appeared, solve problem creating repairing bodies. this Perspective, I review deep symmetry between developmental morphogenesis classical behavior. describe highly conserved mechanisms enable implement regulative embryogenesis, regeneration, cancer suppression. sketch story evolutionary pivot repurposed algorithms cellular machinery navigation morphospace 3D world which so readily recognize intelligence. Understanding underlie construction bodies brains provides essential path understanding natural evolution, bioengineered design, diverse within beyond phylogenetic history Earth.

Language: Английский

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Convergent evolution of bilaterian nerve cords

Nature, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 553(7686), P. 45 - 50

Published: Dec. 12, 2017

Language: Английский

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Drosophila glia: Few cell types and many conserved functions

Glia, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 67(1), P. 5 - 26

Published: Nov. 15, 2018

Abstract Glial cells constitute without any dispute an essential element in providing efficiently operating nervous system. Work many labs over the last decades has demonstrated that neuronal function, from action potential generation to its propagation, eliciting synaptic responses subsequent postsynaptic integration, is evolutionarily highly conserved. Likewise, biology of glial appears conserved core elements and therefore, a deeper understanding expected benefit analyzing model organisms such as Drosophila melanogaster . particularly well suited for studying since fly system only limited number exists, which can be individually identified based on position set molecular markers. In combination with well‐known genetic tool box unprecedented level analysis feasible, not help identify novel molecules principles governing cell function but also will better understand functions first mammalian Here we review current knowledge glia spark interest using this analyze complex traits future.

Language: Английский

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Nervous System Regionalization Entails Axial Allocation before Neural Differentiation

Cell, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 175(4), P. 1105 - 1118.e17

Published: Oct. 18, 2018

Neural induction in vertebrates generates a CNS that extends the rostral-caudal length of body. The prevailing view is neural cells are initially induced with anterior (forebrain) identity; caudalizing signals then convert proportion to posterior fates (spinal cord). To test this model, we used chromatin accessibility define how adopt region-specific fates. Together genetic and biochemical perturbations, identified developmental time window which genome-wide chromatin-remodeling events preconfigure epiblast for induction. Contrary established revealed commit regional identity before acquiring identity. This "primary regionalization" allocates or regions nervous system, explaining cranial spinal neurons generated at appropriate axial positions. These findings prompt revision models support proposed dual evolutionary origin vertebrate CNS.

Language: Английский

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Evolution of neuronal types and families

Current Opinion in Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 56, P. 144 - 152

Published: March 2, 2019

Major questions in the evolution of neurons and nervous systems remain unsolved, such as origin first neuron, possible convergent neuronal phenotypes, transition from a relatively simple decentralized nerve net to complex, centralized found modern bilaterian animals. In recent years, comparative single-cell transcriptomics has opened up new research avenues addressing these issues. Here, we review conceptual progress toward an evolutionary definition cell types, how it facilitates identification large-scale comparison types neuron type families data - with family GABAergic distinct parts vertebrate forebrain prime example. We also highlight strategies infer type-specific innovation, so-called apomeres, data.

Language: Английский

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Gastric pouches and the mucociliary sole: setting the stage for nervous system evolution

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 370(1684), P. 20150286 - 20150286

Published: Nov. 10, 2015

Prerequisite for tracing nervous system evolution is understanding of the body plan, feeding behaviour and locomotion first animals in which neurons evolved. Here, a comprehensive scenario presented diversification cell types early metazoans, enhanced efficiency led to emergence larger that were able move. Starting from cup-shaped, gastraea-like with outer inner choanoflagellate-like cells, two major innovations are discussed set stage evolution. First, invention mucociliary sole entailed switch intra- extracellular digestion increased concentration nutrients flowing into gastric cavity. In these animals, an initial nerve net may have evolved via division labour mechanosensory-contractile cells lateral wall, enabling coordinated movement growing involved both creeping changes shape. Second, surface folded metameric series pouches, optimized nutrient resorption allowed sizes. The concomitant acquisition bilateral symmetry more directed and, demanding coordinative tasks, triggered specialized subsystems. Animals this organizational state would resembled Ediacarian fossils such as Dickinsonia been close cnidarian-bilaterian ancestor. bilaterian lineage, was used mostly creeping, or frequently lost. One possible remnant enigmatic Reissner's fibre ventral neural tube cephalochordates vertebrates.

Language: Английский

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Support for a clade of Placozoa and Cnidaria in genes with minimal compositional bias

eLife, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 7

Published: Oct. 30, 2018

The phylogenetic placement of the morphologically simple placozoans is crucial to understanding evolution complex animal traits. Here, we examine influence adding new genomes from a large dataset designed study deepest splits in phylogeny. Using site-heterogeneous substitution models, show that it possible obtain strong support, both amino acid and reduced-alphabet matrices, for either sister-group relationship between Cnidaria Placozoa, or Bilateria as seen most published work date, depending on orthologues selected construct matrix. We demonstrate majority genes evidence compositional heterogeneity, support + clade can be assigned this source systematic error. In interpreting these results, caution against peremptory reading secondarily reduced forms little relevance broader discussions early evolution.

Language: Английский

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