The Brain on Drugs: From Reward to Addiction

Cell, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 162(4), P. 712 - 725

Published: Aug. 1, 2015

Language: Английский

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Perceiving the epigenetic landscape through histone readers

Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: 19(12), P. 1218 - 1227

Published: Dec. 1, 2012

Language: Английский

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The Neuroscience of Drug Reward and Addiction

Physiological Reviews, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 99(4), P. 2115 - 2140

Published: Sept. 11, 2019

Drug consumption is driven by a drug's pharmacological effects, which are experienced as rewarding, and influenced genetic, developmental, psychosocial factors that mediate drug accessibility, norms, social support systems or lack thereof. The reinforcing effects of drugs mostly depend on dopamine signaling in the nucleus accumbens, chronic exposure triggers glutamatergic-mediated neuroadaptations striato-thalamo-cortical (predominantly prefrontal cortical regions including orbitofrontal cortex anterior cingulate cortex) limbic pathways (amygdala hippocampus) that, vulnerable individuals, can result addiction. In parallel, changes extended amygdala negative emotional states perpetuate taking an attempt to temporarily alleviate them. Counterintuitively, addicted person, actual associated with attenuated increase brain reward regions, might contribute drug-taking behavior compensate for difference between magnitude expected triggered conditioning cues experience it. Combined, these enhanced motivation "seek drug" (energized increases cues) impaired top-down self-regulation favors compulsive against backdrop emotionality interoceptive awareness "drug hunger." Treatment interventions intended reverse show promise therapeutic approaches

Language: Английский

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Live fast, die young? A review on the developmental trajectories of ADHD across the lifespan

European Neuropsychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 28(10), P. 1059 - 1088

Published: Sept. 6, 2018

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is highly heritable and the most common neurodevelopmental in childhood. In recent decades, it has been appreciated that a substantial number of cases does not remit puberty, but persists into adulthood. Both childhood adulthood, ADHD characterised by comorbidity including substance use, depression, anxiety, accidents. However, course symptoms comorbidities may fluctuate change over time, even age onset recently questioned. Available evidence to date poor largely inconsistent with regard predictors persistence versus remittance. Likewise, development comorbid disorders cannot be foreseen early on, hampering preventive measures. These facts call for lifespan perspective on from old age. this selective review, we summarise current knowledge long-term ADHD, an emphasis clinical symptom cognitive trajectories, treatment effects lifespan, comorbidities. Also, important unresolved issues biological factors underlying different trajectories. We conclude severe lack aspects still exists nearly every aspect reviewed. encourage large-scale research efforts overcome those gaps through appropriately granular longitudinal studies.

Language: Английский

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Epigenetic mechanisms in neurological disease

Nature Medicine, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: 18(8), P. 1194 - 1204

Published: Aug. 1, 2012

Language: Английский

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Epigenetic mechanisms of drug addiction

Neuropharmacology, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 76, P. 259 - 268

Published: April 30, 2013

Language: Английский

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Cellular Taxonomy of the Mouse Striatum as Revealed by Single-Cell RNA-Seq

Cell Reports, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 16(4), P. 1126 - 1137

Published: July 1, 2016

The striatum contributes to many cognitive processes and disorders, but its cell types are incompletely characterized. We show that microfluidic FACS-based single-cell RNA sequencing of mouse provides a well-resolved classification striatal type diversity. Transcriptome analysis revealed ten differentiated, distinct types, including neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, ependymal, immune, vascular cells, enabled the discovery numerous marker genes. Furthermore, we identified two discrete subtypes medium spiny neurons (MSNs) have specific markers overexpress genes linked disorders addiction. also describe continuous cellular identities, which increase heterogeneity within types. Finally, type-specific transcription splicing factors shape identities by regulating expression patterns. Our findings suggest functional diversity complex tissue arises from small number can exist in spectrum states.

Language: Английский

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Sex differences in neural mechanisms mediating reward and addiction

Neuropsychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 44(1), P. 166 - 183

Published: June 18, 2018

Language: Английский

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Regulation of chromatin and gene expression by metabolic enzymes and metabolites

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 19(9), P. 563 - 578

Published: June 21, 2018

Language: Английский

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Neurobiological after-effects of non-invasive brain stimulation

Brain stimulation, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 10(1), P. 1 - 18

Published: Nov. 17, 2016

Language: Английский

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