Omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids: Dietary sources, metabolism, and significance — A review

Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 203, P. 255 - 267

Published: April 30, 2018

Language: Английский

---

13 reasons why the brain is susceptible to oxidative stress

Redox Biology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 15, P. 490 - 503

Published: Feb. 3, 2018

The human brain consumes 20% of the total basal oxygen (O2) budget to support ATP intensive neuronal activity. Without sufficient O2 demands, activity fails, such that, even transient ischemia is neurodegenerative. While essentiality function clear, how oxidative stress causes neurodegeneration ambiguous. Ambiguity exists because many reasons why susceptible remain obscure. Many are erroneously understood as deleterious result adventitious derived free radical and non-radical species generation. To understand underpin stress, one must first re-cast in a positive light their deliberate generation enables achieve critical functions (e.g. synaptic plasticity) through redox signalling (i.e. functionality). Using radicals derivatives signal sensitises when goes awry negative advance mechanistic understanding, we rationalise 13 stress. Key include inter alia unsaturated lipid enrichment, mitochondria, calcium, glutamate, modest antioxidant defence, active transition metals neurotransmitter auto-oxidation. We review RNA oxidation an underappreciated cause complex interplay between each reason dictates susceptibility dynamic context neural identity dependent manner. Our discourse sets stage for investigators interrogate biochemical basis health disease.

Language: Английский

---

Ferroptosis: mechanisms and links with diseases

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: Feb. 3, 2021

Abstract Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent cell death, which different from apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy, and other forms of death. The process ferroptotic death defined by the accumulation lethal lipid species derived peroxidation lipids, can be prevented iron chelators (e.g., deferiprone, deferoxamine) small lipophilic antioxidants ferrostatin, liproxstatin). This review summarizes current knowledge about regulatory mechanism ferroptosis its association with several pathways, including iron, lipid, cysteine metabolism. We have further discussed contribution to pathogenesis diseases such as cancer, ischemia/reperfusion, various neurodegenerative Alzheimer’s disease Parkinson’s disease), evaluated therapeutic applications inhibitors in clinics.

Language: Английский

---

Expanding Roles for Lipid Droplets

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 25(11), P. R470 - R481

Published: June 1, 2015

Language: Английский

---

Antibacterial Free Fatty Acids and Monoglycerides: Biological Activities, Experimental Testing, and Therapeutic Applications

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 19(4), P. 1114 - 1114

Published: April 8, 2018

Antimicrobial lipids such as fatty acids and monoglycerides are promising antibacterial agents that destabilize bacterial cell membranes, causing a wide range of direct indirect inhibitory effects. The goal this review is to introduce the latest experimental approaches for characterizing how antimicrobial phospholipid membranes within broader scope introducing current knowledge about biological activities lipids, testing strategies, applications treating infections. To end, general background on including structural classification, provided along with detailed description their targeting spectrum currently understood mechanisms. Building knowledge, different characterize presented, cell-based model membrane-based biophysical measurement techniques. Particular emphasis placed drawing out complement one another can yield mechanistic insights into physicochemical properties influence molecular self-assembly concentration-dependent interactions membranes. Examples possible therapeutic briefly introduced highlight potential significance human health medicine, motivate importance employing orthogonal strategies activity profile lipids.

Language: Английский

---

Ferroptosis Inhibition: Mechanisms and Opportunities

Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 38(5), P. 489 - 498

Published: March 28, 2017

Language: Английский

---

A Review of Odd-Chain Fatty Acid Metabolism and the Role of Pentadecanoic Acid (C15:0) and Heptadecanoic Acid (C17:0) in Health and Disease

Molecules, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 20(2), P. 2425 - 2444

Published: Jan. 30, 2015

The role of C17:0 and C15:0 in human health has recently been reinforced following a number important biological nutritional observations. Historically, odd chain saturated fatty acids (OCS-FAs) were used as internal standards GC-MS methods total LC-MS intact lipids, it was thought their concentrations insignificant humans. However, that increased consumption dairy products an association with increase blood plasma OCS-FAs. there is currently no direct evidence but rather casual through epidemiology studies. Furthermore, studies on cardiometabolic diseases have shown OCS-FAs are associated lower disease risk, although the mechanism responsible for this debated. One possible endogenous production α-oxidation, involving activation, then hydroxylation α-carbon, followed by removal terminal carboxyl group. Differentiation adipocytes showed distinct concentration OCS-FAs, which possibly caused α-oxidation. Further pathway, plasma, where ratio to approximately 1:2 contradictory expected levels roughly 2:1 detected fat. We review literature dietary potential metabolism.

Language: Английский

---

Microbes and mental health: A review

Brain Behavior and Immunity, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 66, P. 9 - 17

Published: Jan. 25, 2017

Language: Английский

---

Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in the Brain: Physiological Mechanisms and Relevance to Pharmacology

Pharmacological Reviews, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 70(1), P. 12 - 38

Published: Dec. 7, 2017

Classically, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were largely thought to be relatively inert structural components of brain, important for the formation cellular membranes. Over past 10 years, a host bioactive lipid mediators that are enzymatically derived from arachidonic acid, main n-6 PUFA, and docosahexaenoic n-3 PUFA in known regulate peripheral immune function, have been detected brain shown microglia activation. Recent advances focused on how molecular signaling microglia, especially context neuroinflammation behavior. Several active drugs provide proof concept targeting brain. Because metabolism relies complex integration diet, metabolism, including liver blood, which supply with PUFAs can altered by genetics, sex, aging, there many pathways disrupted, leading homeostasis. Brain neurologic disorders may viable targets development novel therapeutics. In this study, we discuss particular their metabolites phenotype function exert anti-inflammatory proresolving activities

Language: Английский

---

Potential Industrial Applications and Commercialization of Microalgae in the Functional Food and Feed Industries: A Short Review

Marine Drugs, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 17(6), P. 312 - 312

Published: May 28, 2019

Bioactive compounds, e.g., protein, polyunsaturated fatty acids, carotenoids, vitamins and minerals, found in commercial form of microalgal biomass (e.g., powder, flour, liquid, oil, tablet, or capsule forms) may play important roles functional food dairy products, desserts, pastas, oil-derivatives, supplements) feed (for cattle, poultry, shellfish, fish) with favorable outcomes upon human health, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral effects, as well prevention gastric ulcers, constipation, anemia, diabetes, hypertension. However, scale up remains a major challenge before competitiveness is attained. Notwithstanding the odds, few companies have already overcome market constraints, are successfully selling extracts microalgae colorant, supplement for industries. Strong scientific evidence probiotic humans still lacking, while scarce studies concluded on activity marine animals ingestion. Limitations culture harvesting shelf life extension indeed constrained viability. There are, however, scattered pieces that prebiotic roles, owing to their richness oligosaccharides-hardly fermented by other members intestinal microbiota, digested throughout gastrointestinal tract humans/animals matter. consistent applications exist only industry aquaculture. Despite underlying potential formulation food/feed, extensive research development efforts required at large become reality formulation.

Language: Английский

---