Cell biology of spinal cord injury and repair

Journal of Clinical Investigation, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 127(9), P. 3259 - 3270

Published: July 23, 2017

Spinal cord injury (SCI) lesions present diverse challenges for repair strategies. Anatomically complete injuries require restoration of neural connectivity across lesions. incomplete may benefit from augmentation spontaneous circuit reorganization. Here, we review SCI cell biology, which varies considerably three different lesion-related tissue compartments: (a) non-neural lesion core, (b) astrocyte scar border, and (c) surrounding spared but reactive tissue. After SCI, axon growth reorganization are determined by neuron-cell-autonomous mechanisms interactions among neurons, glia, immune other cells. These shaped both the presence absence growth-modulating molecules, vary markedly in compartments. The emerging understanding how biology differs compartments is fundamental to developing rationally targeted

Language: Английский

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Glial Cells and Their Function in the Adult Brain: A Journey through the History of Their Ablation

Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Feb. 13, 2017

Glial cells, consisting of microglia, astrocytes and oligodendrocyte lineage cells as their major components, constitute a large fraction the mammalian brain. Originally considered purely non-functional glue for neurons, decades research have highlighted importance well further functions glial cells. Although many aspects these are characterized nowadays, different populations in brain under both physiological pathological conditions remain, at least to certain extent, unresolved. To tackle important questions, broad range depletion approaches been developed which or (i.e. NG2-glia oligodendrocytes) specifically ablated from adult network with subsequent analysis consequences. As very heterogeneous, it is imperative ablate single cell instead inducing death all general. Thanks modern genetic manipulation methods, can now directly be targeted type interest making ablation more specific compared general that used earlier on. In this review we will give detailed summary on studies, focusing mouse central nervous system (CNS) functional readouts. We also provide an outlook how could exploited future.

Language: Английский

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Spinal cord repair: advances in biology and technology

Nature Medicine, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 25(6), P. 898 - 908

Published: June 1, 2019

Language: Английский

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Elusive roles for reactive astrocytes in neurodegenerative diseases

Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Aug. 3, 2015

Astrocytes play crucial roles in the brain and are involved neuroinflammatory response. They become reactive response to virtually all pathological situations such as axotomy, ischemia, infection, neurodegenerative diseases (ND). Astrocyte reactivity was originally characterized by morphological changes (hypertrophy, remodeling of processes) overexpression intermediate filament glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). However, it is unclear how normal supportive functions astrocytes altered their state. In ND, which neuronal dysfunction astrocyte take place over several years or decades, issue even more complex highly debated, with conflicting reports published recently. this review, we discuss studies addressing contribution ND. We describe molecular triggers leading during examine some key may be enhanced disease process, globally affect ND progression. Finally will consider anticipated developments important field. With aim show that detailed study open new perspectives for

Language: Английский

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Detecting Activated Cell Populations Using Single-Cell RNA-Seq

Neuron, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 96(2), P. 313 - 329.e6

Published: Oct. 1, 2017

Language: Английский

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