Parenting for a Digital Future

Oxford University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 23, 2020

Abstract In the decades it takes to bring up a child, parents face challenges that are both helped and hindered by fact they living through period of unprecedented digital innovation. Drawing on extensive research with rich poor, parenting toddlers teenagers, this book reveals how technologies give struggles distinctive character, as determine forge new territory little precedent, or support. It argues that, in late modernity, more burdened responsibilities yet increasingly charged respecting developing agency their child—leaving much be negotiated. The charts enact authority values technologies—as “screen time,” videogames, social media become ways being together setting boundaries, introducing valued opportunities sources risk. To light way, comb hazy memories own childhoods look toward hard-to-imagine futures. This results deeply diverse present, move between embracing, resisting, balancing role technology children’s lives. moves beyond panicky headlines offer researched exploration what means parent significant technological change. qualitative quantitative United Kingdom, offers conclusions insights relevant parents, policymakers, educators, researchers everywhere.

Language: Английский

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Where Is Dopamine and how do Immune Cells See it?: Dopamine-Mediated Immune Cell Function in Health and Disease

Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 114 - 164

Published: May 11, 2019

Language: Английский

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Single-Prolonged Stress: A Review of Two Decades of Progress in a Rodent Model of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

Frontiers in Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: May 15, 2018

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common, costly, and often debilitating psychiatric condition. However, the biological mechanisms underlying this disease are still largely unknown or poorly understood. Considerable evidence indicates that PTSD results from dysfunction in highly-conserved brain systems involved stress, anxiety, fear, reward. Pre-clinical models of traumatic exposure critical defining neurobiological PTSD, which will ultimately aid development new treatments for PTSD. Single prolonged (SPS) pre-clinical model displays behavioral, molecular, physiological alterations recapitulate many same observed illustrating its validity giving it utility as investigating post-traumatic adaptations pre-trauma risk protective factors. In manuscript, we review present state research using SPS model, with goals (1) describing tool post-trauma adaptations, (2) relating findings to patients (3) indicating gaps strategies address them order improve our understanding pathophysiology

Language: Английский

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Frontal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Induces Dopamine Release in the Ventral Striatum in Human

Cerebral Cortex, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 28(7), P. 2636 - 2646

Published: April 9, 2018

A single transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) session applied over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLFPC) can be associated with procognitive effects. Furthermore, repeated DLPFC tDCS sessions are under investigation as a new therapeutic tool for range of neuropsychiatric conditions. possible mechanism explaining such beneficial effects is modulation meso-cortico-limbic dopamine transmission. We explored spatial and temporal neurobiological bifrontal on subcortical transmission during immediately after stimulation. In double blind sham-controlled study, 32 healthy subjects randomly received either active (20 min, 2 mA; n = 14) or sham (n 18) dynamic positron emission tomography scan using [11C]raclopride binding. During period, no significant effect was observed. After compared tDCS, induced decrease in binding potential ratio striatum, suggesting an increase extracellular part striatum involved reward–motivation network. The present study provides first evidence that induces neurotransmitter release polysynaptic connected areas. Therefore, levels activity reactivity should element to consider general hypothesis brain by tDCS.

Language: Английский

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The role of glucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP‐1) in addictive disorders

British Journal of Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 179(4), P. 625 - 641

Published: Sept. 16, 2021

Drug, alcohol and tobacco use disorders are a global burden affecting millions of people. Despite decades research, treatment options sparse or missing, relapse rates high. Glucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP‐1) is released in the small intestine, promotes blood glucose homeostasis, slows gastric emptying reduces appetite. GLP‐1 receptor agonists approved for treating Type 2 diabetes mellitus obesity have received attention as potential anti‐addiction treatment. Studies rodents non‐human primates demonstrated reduction intake drugs abuse, clinical trials been initiated to investigate whether preclinical findings can be translated patients. This review will give an overview current discuss possible mechanisms action. We suggest that effects substance mediated centrally, at least partly through dopamine signalling, but precise still uncovered. LINKED ARTICLES article part themed issue on GLP1 ligands (BJP 75th Anniversary). To view other articles this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v179.4/issuetoc

Language: Английский

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Exenatide once weekly for alcohol use disorder investigated in a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial

JCI Insight, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(19)

Published: Sept. 6, 2022

BackgroundAlcohol use disorder (AUD) is a chronic, relapsing brain that accounts for 5% of deaths annually, and there an urgent need to develop new targets therapeutic intervention. The glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist exenatide reduces alcohol consumption in rodents nonhuman primates, but its efficacy patients with AUD unknown.MethodsIn randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial, treatment-seeking were assigned receive (2 mg subcutaneously) or placebo once weekly 26 weeks, addition standard cognitive-behavioral therapy. primary outcome was reduction number heavy drinking days. A subgroup also completed functional MRI (fMRI) single-photon emission CT (SPECT) scans.ResultsA total 127 enrolled. Our data revealed although did not significantly reduce the days compared placebo, it attenuated fMRI cue reactivity ventral striatum septal area, which are crucial areas drug reward addiction. In addition, dopamine transporter availability lower group group. Exploratory analyses reduced intake obese (BMI > 30 kg/m2). Adverse events mainly gastrointestinal.ConclusionThis randomized controlled trial on effects GLP-1 provides important knowledge agonists as novel treatment target addiction.Trial registrationEudraCT: 2016-003343-11. ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03232112).FundingNovavi Foundation; Research Foundation, Mental Health Services, Capital Region Denmark; Ivan Nielsen A.P. Moeller Augustinus Woerzner Grosserer L.F. Foghts Hartmann Aase Ejnar Danielsen P.A. Messerschmidt Wife Lundbeck Foundation.

Language: Английский

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A systematic review and meta-analysis of neuromodulation therapies for substance use disorders

Neuropsychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 49(4), P. 649 - 680

Published: Dec. 12, 2023

Abstract While pharmacological, behavioral and psychosocial treatments are available for substance use disorders (SUDs), they not always effective or well-tolerated. Neuromodulation (NM) methods, including repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), direct current (tDCS) deep brain (DBS) may address SUDs by targeting addiction neurocircuitry. We evaluated the efficacy of NM to improve outcomes in SUDs. A systematic literature search was performed on MEDLINE, PsychINFO, PubMed databases a list terms four key concepts (SUD, rTMS, tDCS, DBS) applied. Ninety-four studies were identified that examined effects DBS (e.g., craving, consumption, relapse) amongst individuals with alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, stimulants, opioids. Meta-analyses alcohol tobacco using rTMS tDCS. found reduced as indicated medium large effect sizes (Hedge’s g > 0.5). Results most encouraging when multiple sessions applied, left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) targeted. tDCS also produced drug though highly variable less robust than rTMS; right anodal DLPFC appeared be efficacious. typically small, uncontrolled studies, but showed promise reducing misuse substances. promising treatment Future should determine underlying neural mechanisms NM, further evaluate extended durations, accelerated administration protocols long-term biochemical verification use.

Language: Английский

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Does semaglutide reduce alcohol intake in Danish patients with alcohol use disorder and comorbid obesity? Trial protocol of a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial (the SEMALCO trial)

BMJ Open, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. e086454 - e086454

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Introduction Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a massive burden for the individual, relatives and society. Despite this, treatment gap wide compared with other mental health disorders. Treatment options are sparse, only three Food Drug Administration (FDA)-approved pharmacotherapies. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists have shown promising effects in reducing alcohol consumption preclinical experiments, clinical trials high demand to investigate these potentially beneficial patients diagnosed AUD. Methods analysis The of once-weekly GLP-1 agonist semaglutide will be investigated 26-week, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blinded trial. 108 AUD comorbid obesity (body mass index (BMI)≥30 kg/m 2 )) randomised either or placebo combination cognitive behavioural therapy. A subgroup structural, functional neurochemical brain imaging performed at baseline after 26 weeks treatment. primary endpoint reduction heavy drinking days, defined as days excess 48/60 g per day (women men, respectively). Secondary endpoints include changes from week consumption, smoking status, quality life, fibrosis-4 score, plasma concentration phosphatidylethanol, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels, cue reactivity, connectivity white matter tract integrity. Status Recruitment started June 2023. Ethics dissemination study approved by Committee Capital Region Denmark, Danish Board Health Data Protection Agency. All sign written consent form before being included Results disseminated through peer-reviewed publications conference presentations. After results published, all de-identified data available Mendeley database. Trial registration number NCT05895643 .

Language: Английский

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Neuroscience of cancer: unraveling the complex interplay between the nervous system, the tumor and the tumor immune microenvironment

Molecular Cancer, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: Jan. 17, 2025

The study of the multifaceted interactions between neuroscience and cancer is an emerging field with significant implications for understanding tumor biology innovation in therapeutic approaches. Increasing evidence suggests that neurological functions are connected tumorigenesis. In particular, peripheral central nervous systems, synapse, neurotransmitters, neurotrophins affect progression metastasis through various regulatory approaches immune microenvironment. this review, we summarized tumorigenesis metastasis, which controlled by systems. We also explored roles neurotransmitters progression. Moreover, examined interplay system have identified drugs target treatment. review present work supporting agent targeting could potential to improve therapy.

Language: Английский

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Drug development in psychiatry: 50 years of failure and how to resuscitate it

The Lancet Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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