Neuron,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
105(3), P. 549 - 561.e5
Published: Dec. 3, 2019
Paravascular
drainage
of
solutes,
including
β-amyloid
(Aβ),
appears
to
be
an
important
process
in
brain
health
and
diseases
such
as
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD)
cerebral
amyloid
angiopathy
(CAA).
However,
the
major
driving
force
for
clearance
remains
largely
unknown.
Here
we
used
vivo
two-photon
microscopy
awake
head-fixed
mice
assess
role
spontaneous
vasomotion
paravascular
clearance.
Vasomotion
correlated
with
fluorescent
dextran
from
interstitial
fluid.
Increasing
amplitude
by
means
visually
evoked
vascular
responses
resulted
increased
rates
visual
cortex
mice.
Evoked
reactivity
was
impaired
CAA,
which
corresponded
slower
rates.
Our
findings
suggest
that
low-frequency
arteriolar
oscillations
drive
solutes.
Targeting
naturally
occurring
patients
CAA
or
AD
may
a
promising
early
therapeutic
option
prevention
Aβ
accumulation
brain.
Physiological Reviews,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
99(1), P. 21 - 78
Published: Oct. 3, 2018
The
blood-brain
barrier
(BBB)
prevents
neurotoxic
plasma
components,
blood
cells,
and
pathogens
from
entering
the
brain.
At
same
time,
BBB
regulates
transport
of
molecules
into
out
central
nervous
system
(CNS),
which
maintains
tightly
controlled
chemical
composition
neuronal
milieu
that
is
required
for
proper
functioning.
In
this
review,
we
first
examine
molecular
cellular
mechanisms
underlying
establishment
BBB.
Then,
focus
on
physiology,
endothelial
pericyte
transporters,
perivascular
paravascular
transport.
Next,
discuss
rare
human
monogenic
neurological
disorders
with
primary
genetic
defect
in
BBB-associated
cells
demonstrating
link
between
breakdown
neurodegeneration.
review
effects
genes
inheritance
and/or
increased
susceptibility
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD),
Parkinson's
(PD),
Huntington's
disease,
amyotrophic
lateral
sclerosis
(ALS)
relation
to
other
pathologies
deficits.
We
next
how
dysfunction
relates
deficits
majority
sporadic
AD,
PD,
ALS
cases,
multiple
sclerosis,
neurodegenerative
disorders,
acute
CNS
such
as
stroke,
traumatic
brain
injury,
spinal
cord
epilepsy.
Lastly,
BBB-based
therapeutic
opportunities.
conclude
lessons
learned
future
directions,
emphasis
technological
advances
investigate
functions
living
brain,
at
level,
address
key
unanswered
questions.
Molecular Psychiatry,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
26(10), P. 5481 - 5503
Published: Aug. 30, 2021
Abstract
Breakthroughs
in
molecular
medicine
have
positioned
the
amyloid-β
(Aβ)
pathway
at
center
of
Alzheimer’s
disease
(AD)
pathophysiology.
While
detailed
mechanisms
and
spatial-temporal
dynamics
leading
to
synaptic
failure,
neurodegeneration,
clinical
onset
are
still
under
intense
investigation,
established
biochemical
alterations
Aβ
cycle
remain
core
biological
hallmark
AD
promising
targets
for
development
disease-modifying
therapies.
Here,
we
systematically
review
update
vast
state-of-the-art
literature
science
with
evidence
from
basic
research
studies
human
genetic
multi-modal
biomarker
investigations,
which
supports
a
crucial
role
dyshomeostasis
pathophysiological
dynamics.
We
discuss
highlighting
differentiated
interaction
distinct
species
other
AD-related
mechanisms,
such
as
tau-mediated,
neuroimmune
inflammatory
changes,
well
neurochemical
imbalance.
Through
lens
latest
multimodal
vivo
biomarkers
AD,
this
cross-disciplinary
examines
compelling
hypothesis-
data-driven
rationale
Aβ-targeting
therapeutic
strategies
early
treatment
AD.
Molecular Neurodegeneration,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
15(1)
Published: July 16, 2020
Abstract
Alzheimer’s
disease
(AD)
is
the
most
common
neurodegenerative
disorder
seen
in
age-dependent
dementia.
There
currently
no
effective
treatment
for
AD,
which
may
be
attributed
part
to
lack
of
a
clear
underlying
mechanism.
Studies
within
last
few
decades
provide
growing
evidence
central
role
amyloid
β
(Aβ)
and
tau,
as
well
glial
contributions
various
molecular
cellular
pathways
AD
pathogenesis.
Herein,
we
review
recent
progress
with
respect
Aβ-
tau-associated
mechanisms,
discuss
dysfunction
emphasis
on
neuronal
receptors
that
mediate
Aβ-induced
toxicity.
We
also
other
critical
factors
affect
pathogenesis,
including
genetics,
aging,
variables
related
environment,
lifestyle
habits,
describe
potential
apolipoprotein
E
(APOE),
viral
bacterial
infection,
sleep,
microbiota.
Although
have
gained
much
towards
understanding
aspects
this
devastating
disorder,
greater
commitment
research
mechanism,
diagnostics
will
needed
future
research.