Gut Microbes,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
13(1)
Published: Jan. 1, 2021
In
recent
years,
studies
investigating
the
role
of
gut
microbiota
in
health
and
diseases
have
increased
enormously
–
making
it
essential
to
deepen
question
research
methodology
employed.
Fecal
transplantation
(FMT)
rodent
(either
from
human
or
animal
donors)
allows
us
better
understand
causal
intestinal
across
multiple
fields.
However,
this
technique
lacks
standardization
requires
careful
experimental
design
order
obtain
optimal
results.
By
comparing
several
which
rodents
are
final
recipients
FMT,
we
summarize
common
practices
review,
document
limitations
method
highlight
different
parameters
be
considered
while
designing
FMT
Studies.
Standardizing
is
challenging,
as
differs
according
topic,
but
avoiding
pitfalls
feasible.
Several
methodological
questions
remain
unanswered
day
offer
a
discussion
on
issues
explored
future
studies.
Nutrients,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
13(6), P. 2099 - 2099
Published: June 19, 2021
Emerging
evidence
indicates
that
gut
microbiota
is
important
in
the
regulation
of
brain
activity
and
cognitive
functions.
Microbes
mediate
communication
among
metabolic,
peripheral
immune,
central
nervous
systems
via
microbiota–gut–brain
axis.
However,
it
not
well
understood
how
microbiome
neurons
mutually
interact
or
these
interactions
affect
normal
functioning
cognition.
We
summarize
mechanisms
whereby
regulate
production,
transportation,
neurotransmitters.
also
discuss
dysbiosis
affects
function,
especially
neurodegenerative
diseases
such
as
Alzheimer’s
disease
Parkinson’s
disease.
Pharmacological Research,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
172, P. 105840 - 105840
Published: Aug. 24, 2021
Emerging
evidence
indicates
that
the
gut
microbiota
play
a
crucial
role
in
bidirectional
communication
between
and
brain
suggesting
microbes
may
shape
neural
development,
modulate
neurotransmission
affect
behavior,
thereby
contribute
to
pathogenesis
and/or
progression
of
many
neurodevelopmental,
neuropsychiatric,
neurological
conditions.
This
review
summarizes
recent
data
on
microbiota-gut-brain
axis
pathophysiology
neuropsychiatric
disorders
including
depression,
anxiety,
schizophrenia,
autism
spectrum
disorders,
Parkinson's
disease,
migraine,
epilepsy.
Also,
involvement
co-existing
with
conditions
is
highlighted.
We
discuss
from
both
vivo
preclinical
experiments
clinical
reports
including:
(1)
studies
germ-free
animals,
(2)
exploring
composition
animal
models
diseases
or
humans,
(3)
evaluating
effects
probiotic,
prebiotic
antibiotic
treatment
as
well
(4)
fecal
transplantation.
JAMA Psychiatry,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
78(12), P. 1343 - 1343
Published: Sept. 15, 2021
Evidence
of
gut
microbiota
perturbations
has
accumulated
for
multiple
psychiatric
disorders,
with
signatures
proposed
as
potential
biomarkers.
However,
no
attempts
have
been
made
to
evaluate
the
specificity
these
across
range
conditions.
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
11(1)
Published: March 31, 2020
Abstract
Evidence
is
mounting
that
the
gut-brain
axis
plays
an
important
role
in
mental
diseases
fueling
mechanistic
investigations
to
provide
a
basis
for
future
targeted
interventions.
However,
shotgun
metagenomic
data
from
treatment-naïve
patients
are
scarce
hampering
comprehensive
analyses
of
complex
interaction
between
gut
microbiota
and
brain.
Here
we
explore
fecal
microbiome
based
on
90
medication-free
schizophrenia
81
controls
identify
microbial
species
classifier
distinguishing
with
area
under
receiver
operating
characteristic
curve
(AUC)
0.896,
replicate
microbiome-based
disease
45
(AUC
=
0.765).
Functional
potentials
associated
include
differences
short-chain
fatty
acids
synthesis,
tryptophan
metabolism,
synthesis/degradation
neurotransmitters.
Transplantation
schizophrenia-enriched
bacterium,
Streptococcus
vestibularis
,
appear
induces
deficits
social
behaviors,
alters
neurotransmitter
levels
peripheral
tissues
recipient
mice.
Our
findings
new
leads
further
cohort
studies
animal
models.
Cell Communication and Signaling,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
21(1)
Published: Aug. 18, 2023
Abstract
Short-chain
fatty
acids
(SCFAs)
are
the
main
metabolites
produced
by
bacterial
fermentation
of
dietary
fibre
in
gastrointestinal
tract.
The
absorption
SCFAs
is
mediated
substrate
transporters,
such
as
monocarboxylate
transporter
1
and
sodium-coupled
1,
which
promote
cellular
metabolism.
An
increasing
number
studies
have
implicated
microorganisms
crucial
executors
diet-based
microbial
influence
on
host.
important
fuels
for
intestinal
epithelial
cells
(IECs)
represent
a
major
carbon
flux
from
diet,
that
decomposed
gut
microbiota.
play
vital
role
multiple
molecular
biological
processes,
promoting
secretion
glucagon-like
peptide-1
IECs
to
inhibit
elevation
blood
glucose,
expression
G
protein-coupled
receptors
GPR41
GPR43,
inhibiting
histone
deacetylases,
participate
regulation
proliferation,
differentiation,
function
IECs.
affect
motility,
barrier
function,
host
Furthermore,
regulatory
roles
local,
intermediate,
peripheral
metabolisms.
Acetate,
propionate,
butyrate
SCFAs,
they
involved
immunity,
apoptosis,
inflammation,
lipid
Herein,
we
review
diverse
functional
this
class
reflect
their
ability
intestine,
metabolic,
other
diseases.
European Journal of Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
53(1), P. 222 - 235
Published: Dec. 2, 2019
Major
depressive
disorder
(MDD)
is
a
psychiatric
condition
that
affects
large
number
of
people
in
the
world,
and
treatment
existents
do
not
work
for
all
individuals
affected.
Thus,
it
believed
other
systems
or
pathways
which
regulate
brain
networks
involved
mood
regulation
cognition
are
associated
with
MDD
pathogenesis.
Studies
humans
animal
models
have
been
shown
there
increased
levels
inflammatory
mediators,
including
cytokines
chemokines
both
periphery
central
nervous
system
(CNS).
In
addition,
microglial
activation
appears
to
be
key
event
triggers
changes
signaling
cascades
gene
expression
would
determinant
onset
symptoms.
Recent
researches
also
point
out
gut
microbiota
lead
systemic
inflammation
different
ways
reach
CNS
modulating
especially
microglia,
could
influence
responses
treatments.
Moreover,
pre-
probiotics
antidepressant
anti-inflammatory
effects.
This
review
will
focus
on
studies
show
relationship
microbiota-brain
axis
its
relation
MDD.
Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
14
Published: Aug. 27, 2020
Schizophrenia
is
a
disorder
with
heterogeneous
etiology
involving
complex
interplay
between
genetic
and
environmental
risk
factors.
The
immune
system
now
known
to
play
vital
roles
in
nervous
function
pathology
through
regulating
neuronal
glial
development,
synaptic
plasticity,
behavior.
In
this
regard,
the
positioned
as
common
link
seemingly
diverse
factors
for
schizophrenia.
Synthesizing
information
about
how
immune-brain
axis
affected
by
multiple
these
might
interact
schizophrenia
necessary
better
understand
pathogenesis
of
disease.
Such
knowledge
will
aid
development
more
translatable
animal
models
that
may
lead
effective
therapeutic
interventions.
Here,
we
provide
an
overview
modulate
function.
We
also
explore
including
exposure
pollution,
gut
dysbiosis,
maternal
activation
early-life
stress,
consequences
are
linked
microglial
dysfunction.
propose
morphological
signaling
deficits
blood-brain
barrier,
observed
some
individuals
schizophrenia,
can
act
gateway
peripheral
central
inflammation,
thus
affecting
microglia
their
essential
functions.
Finally,
describe
response
neuroinflammation
impact
on
brain
homeostasis,
well
pathophysiology.
