A systematic review of gut microbiota composition in observational studies of major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia

Molecular Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 27(4), P. 1920 - 1935

Published: Feb. 22, 2022

Abstract The emerging understanding of gut microbiota as ‘metabolic machinery’ influencing many aspects physiology has gained substantial attention in the field psychiatry. This is largely due to overlapping pathophysiological mechanisms associated with both potential functionality and biological thought be underpinning mental disorders. In this systematic review, we synthesised current literature investigating differences composition people major psychiatric disorders, depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar (BD) schizophrenia (SZ), compared ‘healthy’ controls. We also explored across disorders an attempt elucidate commonalities microbial signatures these Following PRISMA guidelines, databases were searched from inception through December 2021. identified 44 studies (including a total 2510 cases 2407 controls) that met inclusion criteria, which 24 investigated MDD, seven BD, 15 SZ. Our syntheses provide no strong evidence for difference number or distribution (α-diversity) bacteria those However, relatively consistent reporting overall community (β-diversity) without specific bacterial taxa commonly including lower levels genera produce short-chain fatty acids (e.g. butyrate), higher lactic acid-producing bacteria, glutamate GABA metabolism. observed heterogeneity regards methodologies reporting. Further prospective experimental research using new tools robust guidelines hold promise improving our role brain health development interventions based on modification microbiota.

Language: Английский

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Short chain fatty acids: Microbial metabolites for gut-brain axis signalling

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 546, P. 111572 - 111572

Published: Jan. 20, 2022

The role of the intestinal microbiota as a regulator gut-brain axis signalling has risen to prominence in recent years. Understanding relationship between gut microbiota, metabolites it produces, and brain will be critical for subsequent development new therapeutic approaches, including identification novel psychobiotics. A key focus this regard have been short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by bacterial fermentation dietary fibre, which include butyrate, acetate, propionate. Ongoing research is focused on entry SCFAs into systemic circulation from lumen, their migration cerebral across blood barrier, potential exert acute chronic effects structure function. This review aims discuss our current mechanistic understanding direct indirect influence that function, behaviour physiology, inform future microbiota-targeted interventions disorders.

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiota and its metabolites in depression: from pathogenesis to treatment

EBioMedicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 90, P. 104527 - 104527

Published: March 22, 2023

Language: Английский

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Brain–gut–microbiota axis in depression: A historical overview and future directions

Brain Research Bulletin, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 182, P. 44 - 56

Published: Feb. 11, 2022

Depression is the most common mental disorder and a leading cause of disability worldwide. Despite abundant research, precise mechanisms underlying pathophysiology depression remain elusive. Accumulating evidence from preclinical clinical studies suggests that alterations in gut microbiota, microbe-derived short-chain fatty acids, D-amino acids metabolites play key role via brain–gut–microbiota axis, including neural immune systems. Notably, axis might crucial susceptibility versus resilience rodents exposed to stress. Vagotomy reported block depression-like phenotypes after fecal microbiota transplantation "depression-related" microbiome, suggesting vagus nerve influences through axis. In this article, we review recent findings regarding discuss its potential as therapeutic target for depression.

Language: Английский

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Faecalibacterium: a bacterial genus with promising human health applications

FEMS Microbiology Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 47(4)

Published: July 1, 2023

Abstract In humans, many diseases are associated with alterations in gut microbiota, namely increases or decreases the abundance of specific bacterial groups. One example is genus Faecalibacterium. Numerous studies have underscored that low levels Faecalibacterium correlated inflammatory conditions, bowel disease (IBD) forefront. Its representation also diminished case several diseases, including colorectal cancer (CRC), dermatitis, and depression. Additionally, relative presence this considered to reflect, at least part, intestinal health status because frequently present reduced individuals gastrointestinal disorders. review, we first thoroughly describe updates taxonomy Faecalibacterium, which has transformed a single-species taxon multispecies over last decade. We then explore links discovered between various since IBD-focused were published. Next, examine current available strategies for modulating gut. Finally, summarize mechanisms underlying beneficial effects been attributed genus. Together, epidemiological experimental data strongly support use as next-generation probiotic (NGP) live biotherapeutic product (LBP).

Language: Английский

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Multi-omics analyses of serum metabolome, gut microbiome and brain function reveal dysregulated microbiota-gut-brain axis in bipolar depression

Molecular Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 27(10), P. 4123 - 4135

Published: April 20, 2022

Language: Английский

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Gut Microbiota and Psychiatric Disorders: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Feb. 4, 2022

Evidence supports the observational associations of gut microbiota with a variety psychiatric disorders, but causal nature such remains obscure. Aiming to comprehensively investigate their relationship and identify specific microbe taxa for diseases, we conducted two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis microbiome 15 diseases. Specifically, genome-wide association study (GWAS) in 18,473 individuals from MiBioGen was used as exposure sample, GWAS diseases outcome samples. One-hundred ninety bacterial six levels were available analysis. At multiple-testing corrected significance level (phylum P < 5.56 × 10-3, class 3.33 order 2.63 family 1.67 genus 4.90 10-4, species 10-3), following eight seven features (one phylum + three classes one species) identified: Prevotellaceae autism spectrum disorder (P = 5.31 10-4), Betaproteobacteria bipolar 1.53 Actinobacteria schizophrenia 1.33 Bacteroidia Bacteroidales Tourette syndrome 2.51 10-3 extroversion 8.22 10-4 1.09 Clostridium innocuum neuroticism 8.92 10-4). Sensitivity showed no evidence reverse causality, pleiotropy, heterogeneity. Our findings offered novel insights into microbiota-mediated development mechanism disorders.

Language: Английский

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The Gut Microbiome in Depression and Potential Benefit of Prebiotics, Probiotics and Synbiotics: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials and Observational Studies

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(9), P. 4494 - 4494

Published: April 19, 2022

An emerging body of literature demonstrates differences in the gut microbiome (GMB) patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) compared to healthy controls (HC), as well potential benefits prebiotic, probiotic, and synbiotic treatment. We conducted a systematic review 24 observational studies (n = 2817), 19 interventional trials 1119). assessed alpha diversity, beta taxa abundance changes MDD relative HC, effect prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics on symptoms individuals clinical or subclinical depression. observed no significant diversity but difference between HC. There were fluctuations specific Probiotic synbiotic, not treatment showed modest benefit reducing over four nine weeks. The GMB profiles differ significantly from further are needed elucidate probiotic treatments antidepressants longer follow-up before these therapies implemented into practice.

Language: Английский

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Inflammation, Lifestyle Factors, and the Microbiome‐Gut‐Brain Axis: Relevance to Depression and Antidepressant Action

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 113(2), P. 246 - 259

Published: March 12, 2022

Depression is considered a major public health concern, where existing pharmacological treatments are not equally effective across all patients. The pathogenesis of depression involves the interaction complex biological components, such as immune system and microbiota‐gut‐brain axis. Adjunctive lifestyle‐oriented approaches for depression, including physical exercise special diets promising therapeutic options when combined with traditional antidepressants. However, mechanisms action these strategies incompletely understood. Accumulating evidence suggests that specific dietary regimens can modulate both gut microbiota composition. Here, we review current information about to alleviate their crosstalk inflammatory microbiome. We further discuss role axis possible mediator adjunctive therapies through mechanisms. Finally, future manipulate potential use exercise, interventions, prebiotics/probiotics, fecal transplantation.

Language: Английский

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Differences in Alpha Diversity of Gut Microbiota in Neurological Diseases

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: June 28, 2022

Neurological diseases are difficult to diagnose in time, and there is currently a lack of effective predictive methods. Previous studies have indicated that variety neurological cause changes the gut microbiota. Alpha diversity major indicator describe At present, relationship between alpha microbiota remains unclear.We performed systematic literature search Pubmed Bioproject databases up January 2021. Six indices were used measure diversity, including community richness (observed species, Chao1 ACE), (Shannon, Simpson), phylogenetic (PD). Random-effects meta-analyses on standardized mean difference (SMD) carried out indices. Subgroup analyses explore sources interstudy heterogeneity. Meta-analysis was articles by matching age, sex, body mass index (BMI) disease group with control group. Meanwhile, subgroup analysis variability sequencing region, platform, geographical instrument, diseases. The area under curve (AUC) value receiver operating characteristic (ROC) calculated assess prediction effectiveness microbial indices.We conducted meta-analysis 24 published 16S rRNA gene amplified from database (patients, n = 1,469; controls, 1,289). pooled estimate demonstrated no significant patients controls (P < 0.05). decreased only Parkinson's patients, while it increased anorexia nervosa compared controls. After adjusting for BMI, none associated In terms Illumina HiSeq 2000 V3-V5 results showed significantly comparison 2500. ROC curves suggested could be as biomarker predict AD (Simpson, AUC= 0.769, P 0.0001), MS 0.737, 0.001), schizophrenia (Chao1, AUC 0.739, 0.002).Our review summarized promising predictor AD, schizophrenia, MS, but not all

Language: Английский

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