Cognitive Impairment After Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association

Stroke, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 54(6)

Published: May 1, 2023

Cognitive impairment is a common consequence of stroke and has direct implications for poststroke functioning quality life, including the ability to maintain job, live independently, sustain interpersonal relationships, drive vehicle. In this scientific statement, we critically appraise literature on prevalence, diagnosis, management cognitive (PSCI) provide framework clinical care while highlighting gaps that merit further study.We performed scoping review randomized controlled trials, prospective retrospective cohort studies, case-control guidelines, articles, editorials incidence natural history, PSCI. Scoping reviews determine scope body given topic indicate volume studies currently available an overview its focus.PSCI after stroke, especially in first year, ranges from mild severe. Although reversible some cases early up one-third individuals with develop dementia within 5 years. The pathophysiology not yet fully elucidated but likely attributable acute precipitating series pathological events, often setting preexisting microvascular neurodegenerative changes. Screening associated comorbidities interdisciplinary are integral components There need evaluating individual trajectory PSCI role vascular event predisposition Alzheimer disease related dementias, as well high-quality, trials focused management.

Language: Английский

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Implications of Gut Microbiota in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Feb. 14, 2022

The morbidity associated with neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) is increasing, posing a threat to the mental and physical quality of life humans. crucial effect microbiota on brain physiological processes mediated through bidirectional interaction, termed as gut–brain axis (GBA), which being investigated in studies. Many clinical laboratory trials have indicated importance development NDs via various microbial molecules that transmit from gut across GBA or nervous system. In this review, we summarize implications ND, will be beneficial for understanding etiology progression may turn help developing ND interventions treatments these diseases.

Language: Английский

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Endothelial senescence in vascular diseases: current understanding and future opportunities in senotherapeutics

Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 55(1), P. 1 - 12

Published: Jan. 4, 2023

Abstract Senescence compromises the essential role that endothelium plays in maintaining vascular homeostasis, so promoting endothelial dysfunction and development of age-related diseases. Their biological clinical significance calls for strategies identifying therapeutically targeting senescent cells. While senescence have been studied extensively, distinguishing what is distinctly remains a barrier to overcome an effective approach addressing it. Here, we review mechanisms underlying evidence its importance. Furthermore, discuss current state limitations approaches detection therapeutic intervention target cells, suggesting potential directions future research.

Language: Английский

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Targeting brain-peripheral immune responses for secondary brain injury after ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke

Journal of Neuroinflammation, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: April 18, 2024

Abstract The notion that the central nervous system is an immunologically immune-exempt organ has changed over past two decades, with increasing evidence of strong links and interactions between peripheral immune system, both in healthy state after ischemic hemorrhagic stroke. Although primary injury stroke certainly important, limited therapeutic efficacy, poor neurological prognosis high mortality have led researchers to realize secondary damage may also play important roles influencing long-term neuroinflammatory process one most influences on disease progression. Here, we summarize stroke, particular, how activates recruits components, review recent advances corresponding approaches clinical studies, emphasizing importance role

Language: Английский

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Prospective Evaluation of Accelerated Brain MRI Using Deep Learning-Based Reconstruction: Simultaneous Application to 2D Spin-Echo and 3D Gradient-Echo Sequences

Korean Journal of Radiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(1), P. 54 - 54

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

To prospectively evaluate the effect of accelerated deep learning-based reconstruction (Accel-DL) on improving brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) quality and reducing scan time compared to that in conventional MRI. This study included 150 participants (51 male; mean age 57.3 ± 16.2 years). Each group 50 was scanned using one three 3T scanners from different vendors. Conventional Accel-DL MRI images were obtained each participant 2D T1- T2-weighted 3D gradient-echo sequences. acquisition achieved optimized parameters reduce time, with acquired reconstructed U-Net-based software transform low-quality, undersampled k-space data into high-quality images. The times methods compared. Four neuroradiologists assessed overall image quality, structural delineation, artifacts Likert scale (5- 3-point scales). Inter-reader agreement Fleiss' kappa coefficient. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) contrast-to-noise (CNR) calculated, volumetric quantification regional structures white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) performed. showed a reduction 39.4% (range, 24.2%-51.3%). improved (3.78 0.71 vs. 3.36 0.61, substantially reduced both spin-echo sequences without compromising volumetry, including lesion quantification.

Language: Английский

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Exosome-based targeted delivery of NF-κB ameliorates age-related neuroinflammation in the aged mouse brain

Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 20, 2025

Abstract Neuroinflammation, a significant contributor to various neurodegenerative diseases, is strongly associated with the aging process; however, date, no efficacious treatments for neuroinflammation have been developed. In aged mouse brains, number of infiltrating immune cells increases, and key transcription factor increased chemokine levels nuclear kappa B (NF-κB). Exosomes are potent therapeutics or drug delivery vehicles materials, including proteins regulatory genes, target cells. present study, we evaluated therapeutic efficacy exosomes loaded nondegradable form IκB (Exo-srIκB), which inhibits translocation NF-κB suppress age-related neuroinflammation. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that these anti-inflammatory targeted macrophages microglia, reducing expression inflammation-related genes. Treatment Exo-srIκB also suppressed interactions between macrophages/microglia T in brain. We demonstrated successfully alleviates by primarily targeting activated partially modulating functions interferon-responsive microglia Thus, our findings highlight as potential agent treating

Language: Английский

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Stroke: Molecular mechanisms and therapies: Update on recent developments

Neurochemistry International, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 162, P. 105458 - 105458

Published: Nov. 30, 2022

Language: Английский

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Neuroinflammation, Stem Cells, and Stroke

Stroke, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 53(5), P. 1460 - 1472

Published: April 5, 2022

Stroke remains a significant unmet clinical need with few treatment options that have very narrow therapeutic window, thereby causing massive mortality and morbidity in the United States around world. Accordingly, finding safe effective novel treatments wider window stands as an urgent stroke. The progressive inflammation occurs centrally peripherally after stroke serves unique target to retard even halt secondary cell death. Stem therapy represents potent approach can diminish both brain periphery (eg, spleen), advancing paradigm shift from traditionally brain-focused treating neurological disorder peripheral pathology. purpose of this review article is highlight inflammation-mediated death plagues spleen evaluate potential stem dampening these inflammatory responses.

Language: Английский

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Microbiota-immune-brain interactions: A lifespan perspective

Current Opinion in Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 78, P. 102652 - 102652

Published: Dec. 1, 2022

There is growing appreciation of key roles the gut microbiota in maintaining homeostasis and influencing brain behaviour at critical windows across lifespan. Mounting evidence suggests that communication between could be to understanding multiple neuropsychiatric disorders, with immune system coming forefront as an important mechanistic mediator. Throughout lifespan, exchanges continuous reciprocal signals central nervous system. Intestinal microbial cues alter mediators consequences for host neurophysiology behaviour. Several factors challenge composition, which response release molecules neuro- immuno-active potential are crucial adequate neuro-immune interactions. In this review, contributing upkeep fine balance health disease these systems discussed, we elucidate implications inputs on

Language: Английский

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Age-Related Hearing Loss: The Link between Inflammaging, Immunosenescence, and Gut Dysbiosis

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(13), P. 7348 - 7348

Published: July 1, 2022

This article provides a theoretical overview of the association between age-related hearing loss (ARHL), immune system ageing (immunosenescence), and chronic inflammation. ARHL, or presbyacusis, is most common sensory disability that significantly reduces quality life has high economic impact. disorder linked to genetic risk factors but also influenced by lifelong cumulative effect environmental stressors, such as noise, otological diseases, ototoxic drugs. Age-related other disorders share mechanisms which often converge on low-grade inflammation known "inflammaging". Various stimuli can sustain inflammaging, including pathogens, cell debris, nutrients, gut microbiota. As result ageing, become defective, leading accumulation unresolved inflammatory processes in body. Gut microbiota plays central role inflammaging because it release mediators crosstalk with organ systems. A proinflammatory environment associated could leaky translocation bacterial metabolites distant organs via systemic circulation. Here, we postulate immunosenescence dysbiosis, accelerates cochlear degeneration, contributing development ARHL. Age-dependent dysbiosis was included hypothetical link should receive more attention future studies.

Language: Английский

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