Brain Age Gap Reduction Following Physical Exercise Mirrors Negative Symptom Improvement in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 8, 2025

Abstract Schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) are associated with accelerated brain aging, reflected in an increased age gap. This gap serves as a biomarker, indicating poorer health, cognitive deficits, and greater severity specific symptom domains. Physical exercise holds promise adjunct therapy to mitigate these deficits by potentially promoting recovery. However, the extent of overall improvements health following exercise, along their predictors relationships clusters, yet be determined. study examined metric quantitative indicator recovery response physical exercise. To achieve this, we aggregated data from two randomized controlled trials, analyzing baseline ( n = 134) 3- or 6-month post-exercise 46) individuals SSD. Our findings revealed that patients higher BMI demonstrated recovery, evidenced reduced post-exercise. Furthermore, changes were negative symptoms cognition, suggesting reductions brain-predicted may reflect relief, particularly domains beyond positive symptoms. These results underscore importance support using surrogate marker for tracking clinically relevant highlight need stratified interventions combined lifestyle modifications enhance outcomes Glossary (SSD): Mental conditions characterized psychosis, alteration perception reality. Cardinal include hallucinations (sensory not mirroring reality) delusions (persistent beliefs rooted reality). Positive symptoms: A cluster SSD including complaints distinctively present patiens: hallucinations, delusions, thought disorder (disorganized thinking speech). Negative absent loss interest, motivation, enjoyment, social interactions, flattened affect. Cognitive Another attention, executive function, memory. Biomarker: Objective, quantifiable indicators biological states processes used predict, diagnose, treat illnesses. Brain gap: biomarker aging. Brain-predicted is predicted machine learning algorithm based on imaging data. Subtracting chronological gap, where values indicate aging brain. Neuroplasticity: The brain’s ability reorganize itself through new synaptic connections learning, treatment, injury. Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs): design randomly assigns participants experimental group control test efficacy intervention.

Language: Английский

---

Key regions aberrantly connected within cerebello-thalamo-cortical circuit and their genetic mechanism in schizophrenia: an fMRI meta-analysis and transcriptome study

Schizophrenia, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Jan. 21, 2025

Recent studies have showed aberrant connectivity of cerebello-thalamo-cortical circuit (CTCC) in schizophrenia (SCZ), which might be a heritable trait. However, these individual vary greatly their methods and findings, important areas within CTCC related genetic mechanism are unclear. We searched for consistent regions dysfunction using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) meta-analysis, followed by meta-regression annotation analysis. Gene analysis was performed to identify genes over-expressed the Allen Human Brain Atlas, set gene feature analyses. 19 (1333 patients 1174 healthy controls) were included this meta-analysis. SCZ characterized hyperconnectivity auditory network, visual system, sensorimotor areas, hypoconnectivity frontal gyrus, cerebellum, thalamus, caudate nucleus, significantly linked age, sex, duration illness, severity symptoms functionally enriched domains involving self, sensory, action, social. 2922 regions, molecular functions, biological processes, cellular components neurons/cells brain as well other mental diseases. These specially expressed tissue, neurons subcortex cortex during nearly all developmental stages, constructed protein-protein interaction network supported 85 hub with significance. findings suggest key aberrantly connected SCZ, may indicate neural substrate "cognitive dysmetria" consequence complex interactions from wide range diverse features.

Language: Английский

---

Hippocampus subfield volume reductions in treatment-resistant schizophrenia

Schizophrenia Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 280, P. 10 - 14

Published: April 14, 2025

Language: Английский

---

Thinning of the temporal and insular cortex is associated with negative symptoms and impaired attention in Chinese chronic schizophrenia patients with deficit syndrome

BMC Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: April 22, 2025

The considerable clinical heterogeneity of schizophrenia poses significant challenges for elucidating its neurobiology. concept deficit (DS) is a valuable framework addressing the schizophrenia. Growing evidence suggests notable differences between and nondeficit (NDS) schizophrenia, indicating that DS could represent separate disease entity. We aimed to use FreeSurfer identify specific changes in cortical thickness among NDS patients healthy controls (HCs) Chinese sample. Furthermore, we examined potential relationships cerebral negative symptoms attention deficits patients. A total 142 subjects (48 HCs, 50 NDSs, 44 DSs) underwent MRI scans completed assessment psychopathological severity cognitive performance. Compared with presented common thinning right insula, whereas left supramarginal cortex was more prominent also found temporal insular correlated impaired Cortical brain regions be symptoms.

Language: Английский

---

Brain Imaging in Bipolar Disorders: From Averages to Heterogeneity, from Commonalities to Individual Characteristics

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

---

Evaluating the distinct effects of body mass index at childhood and adulthood on adult major psychiatric disorders

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(37)

Published: Sept. 13, 2024

Children with high body mass index (BMI) are at heightened risk of developing health issues in adulthood, yet the causality between childhood BMI and adult psychiatric disorders remains unclear. Using a life course Mendelian randomization (MR) framework, we investigated causal effects adulthood on disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease, anxiety, major depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), schizophrenia, using data from Psychiatric Genomics Consortium FinnGen study. Childhood was significantly associated an increased while decreased OCD schizophrenia. Multivariable MR analyses indicated direct effect independent lifestyle factors. No evidence associations found other outcomes. The sensitivity yielded broadly consistent findings. These findings highlight critical importance early-life interventions to mitigate long-term consequences adiposity.

Language: Английский

---

Body mass index and mortality in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a cohort study in a South London catchment area

General Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 35(5), P. e100819 - e100819

Published: Oct. 1, 2022

Background People with schizophrenia have a high premature mortality risk. Obesity is key potential underlying risk factor that relatively unevaluated to date. Aims In this study, we investigated the associations of routinely recorded body size all-cause and deaths from common causes in large cohort people spectrum disorders. Methods We assembled retrospective observational using data mental health service South London. followed all patients over age 18 years clinical diagnosis disorders date their first mass index (BMI) between 1 January 2007 31 March 2018. Results Of 11 900 BMI recording, 1566 died. The Cox proportional hazards regression models, after adjusting for sociodemographic, socioeconomic variables comorbidities, indicated was only associated underweight status compared healthy weight (hazard ratio (HR): 1.33, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01 1.76). (HR: 1.24, CI: 1.52) morbid obesity 1.54, 1.03 2.42) were 18–45 range, lower 0.66, 0.50 0.87) those aged 65+ years. Cancer raised individuals 1.93, 4.10) respiratory disease 2.17, 1.02 5.22). Conclusions Overall, being higher disorder group; however, potentially accounted by frailty older groups, younger ages. impact on life expectancy clear our findings. A deeper biological understanding relationship these diseases will help improve practice.

Language: Английский

---

Principal component analysis as an efficient method for capturing multivariate brain signatures of complex disorders—ENIGMA study in people with bipolar disorders and obesity

Human Brain Mapping, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 45(8)

Published: June 1, 2024

Multivariate techniques better fit the anatomy of complex neuropsychiatric disorders which are characterized not by alterations in a single region, but rather variations across distributed brain networks. Here, we used principal component analysis (PCA) to identify patterns covariance regions and relate them clinical demographic variables large generalizable dataset individuals with bipolar controls. We then compared performance PCA clustering on identical sample methodology was capturing links between measures. Using data from ENIGMA-BD working group, investigated T1-weighted structural MRI 2436 participants BD healthy controls, applied cortical thickness surface area studied association components using mixed regression models. model our prior analyses same also tested it replication 327 or schizophrenia The first component, indexed greater all 68 regions, negatively associated BD, BMI, antipsychotic medications, age positively Li treatment. demonstrated superior goodness when predicting diagnosis BMI. Moreover, applying yielded significant differences controls schizophrenia. Cortical widespread regional network as determined different variables, including diagnosis, age, treatment medications lithium. outperformed provided an easy-to-use interpret method study multivariate associations structure system-level variables. PRACTITIONER POINTS: In this 2770 Individuals, confirmed that networks relevant Significant many suggest lack one-to-one mapping individual factors specific changes. set group providing for studying

Language: Английский

---

Age-related variations in heart rate variability profiles among patients with schizophrenia and major depressive disorder

European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 30, 2024

Language: Английский

---

Are the antidepressant effects of insulin-sensitizing medications related to improvements in metabolic markers?

Translational Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Nov. 8, 2022

Abstract Insulin-sensitizing medications were originally used in psychiatric practice to treat weight gain and other metabolic side effects that accompany the use of mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, some antidepressants. However, recent studies these have been shown cause improvement depressive symptoms, creating a potential new indication outside regulation. it is still unclear whether antidepressant properties are associated with improvements markers. We performed systematic search literature following PRISMA guidelines investigating insulin-sensitizing medications. specifically focused on any symptoms connected dysfunction. Majority included this review reported significant treatment Nine out fifteen assessed for correlation between changes markers only two nine found such association, effect sizes ranging from R 2 = 0.26–0.38. The variables, which correlated oral glucose tolerance test, fasting plasma glycosylated hemoglobin pioglitazone or metformin. has clear positive impact symptoms. seems symptom may be unrelated weight. It additional mechanisms play role observed clinical improvement. Some alternative options include inflammatory, neuroinflammatory changes, cognitive functioning brain structure. Future should measure study links depression. Additionally, important novel outcomes studies, as investigate not acute, but also prophylactic effects.

Language: Английский

---