Ketamine reduces the neural distinction between self- and other-produced affective touch: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study

Neuropsychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 49(11), P. 1767 - 1774

Published: June 25, 2024

A coherent sense of self is crucial for social functioning and mental health. The N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist ketamine induces short-term dissociative experiences has therefore been used to model an altered state self-perception. This randomized double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over study investigated the mechanisms ketamine's effects on bodily in context affective touch. Thirty healthy participants (15 females/15 males, age 19-39) received intravenous or placebo while performing self-touch receiving touch by someone else during functional MRI - a previously established neural measure tactile self-other-differentiation. Afterwards, detection thresholds self- other-touch were assessed, as well states, interoceptive awareness, attitudes. Compared placebo, administration elicited dissociation reduced activity associated with self-other-differentiation right temporoparietal cortex, which was most pronounced other-touch. reduction correlated ketamine-induced reductions awareness. cortex showed higher connectivity somatosensory insula other- compared self-touch. difference augmented ketamine, strength cortex. These results demonstrate that disrupting self-experience through affects region involved perception cognition, especially regard else. process may be driven top-down signaling, rendering processing predictable self-generated unpredictable other-generated more similar. findings provide further evidence intricate relationship sense.

Language: Английский

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Dysconnection in schizophrenia: Filling the dots from old to new evidence

Clinical Neurophysiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 162, P. 226 - 228

Published: March 21, 2024

Language: Английский

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The pathobiology of psychomotor slowing in psychosis: altered cortical excitability and connectivity

Brain, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 147(4), P. 1423 - 1435

Published: Nov. 17, 2023

Psychomotor slowing is a frequent symptom of schizophrenia. Short-interval intracortical inhibition assessed by transcranial magnetic stimulation demonstrated inhibitory dysfunction in The deficit results from additional noise during information processing the motor system psychosis. Here, we tested whether cortical was linked to psychomotor and network alterations. In this cross-sectional study, included 60 patients with schizophrenia determined Salpêtrière Retardation Rating Scale, 23 without 40 healthy control participants. We acquired single double-pulse effects left primary cortex, resting-state functional connectivity diffusion imaging on same day. Groups were compared resting threshold, amplitude evoked potentials, as well short-interval inhibition. Regression analyses calculated association between potential amplitudes or seed-based cortex fractional anisotropy at whole brain level within major tracts. slowing, observed lower while inhibition/motor potentials ratio higher than controls, suggesting these patients. Patients also had potentials. Across combined patient sample, deficits more coordination impairments. associated Moreover, anterior cingulate cerebellum increased stronger contrast, controls premotor parietal cortices. psychosis less aberrant cortex. Higher neural may drive thus become treatment target.

Language: Английский

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The kynurenine pathway in treatment-resistant schizophrenia at the crossroads between pathophysiology and pharmacotherapy

Schizophrenia Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 264, P. 71 - 80

Published: Dec. 14, 2023

Language: Английский

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Neuroinflammation and kynurenines in schizophrenia: Impact on cognition depending on cognitive functioning and modulatory properties in relation to cognitive remediation and aerobic exercise

Schizophrenia Research Cognition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 38, P. 100328 - 100328

Published: Aug. 29, 2024

Background: In the last decade, kynurenine pathway (KP) has gained attention in pathogenesis of cognitive impairment schizophrenia being at croassroad between neuroinflammation and glutamatergic cholinergic neurotransmission.However, clinical findings are scarse conflicting, specific contributions these two systems to neurobiology symptoms far from elucidated.Furthermore, little is known about molecular underpinnings non-pharmacological interventions for improvement, including rehabilitation strategies.Methods: The current study examined 72 patients with schizophrenia, divided clusters depending on severity impairment, aim evaluate impact inflammatory biomarkers KP metabolites functioning.Moreover, we studied their possible link outcome relation sessions remediation therapy (CRT) aerobic exercise (AE) a longitudinal arm 42 patients.Results: Neuroinflammation appeared exert more pronounced influence cognition exhibiting higher functioning, contrasting activation KP, which had greater individuals lower profile.Cognitive improvements after treatments were negatively predicted by levels TNF-α positively 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK)/kynurenine (KYN) ratio, an index kynurenine-3-monooxygenase (KMO) enzyme activity.Conclusion: Overall, add novel evidence biological pointing differential role inducing deficits reserve predicting outcomes rehabilitation.

Language: Английский

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Disruption of alpha oscillation propagation in patients with schizophrenia

Clinical Neurophysiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 162, P. 262 - 270

Published: March 4, 2024

Language: Английский

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Navigating the Complexity of Psychotic Disorders: A Systematic Review of EEG Microstates and Machine Learning

BioMedInformatics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 5(1), P. 8 - 8

Published: Feb. 5, 2025

EEG microstates are brief, stable topographical configurations of brain activity that provide insights into alterations in function and connectivity. Anomalies associated with different neuropsychiatric conditions, especially schizophrenia. Recent advances both techniques machine learning point to the potential role as diagnostic markers for psychotic disorders. This systematic review aims gather current knowledge on applied microstate analysis Following PRISMA guidelines, we searched Scopus, PubMed, Scholar databases, including 10 studies. Overall results show can be used accurately classify diagnoses within psychosis spectrum, across all stages, outperforming models based conventional measures, a prominent D. One study also suggests anomalies may directly linked symptom severity. Integrating shows promise improving our understanding disorders developing more precise tools.

Language: Английский

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Metabolic Syndrome and Schizophrenia: Adding a Piece to the Interplay Between the Kynurenine Pathway and Inflammation

Metabolites, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 176 - 176

Published: March 5, 2025

The biology of schizophrenia is highly complex and multifaceted. Numerous efforts have been made over the years to disentangle heterogeneity disease, gradually leading a more detailed understanding its underlying pathogenic mechanisms. Two cardinal elements in pathophysiology are neuroinflammation alterations neurotransmission. kynurenine (KYN) pathway (KP) particular importance because it inducted by systemic low-grade inflammation peripheral tissues, producing metabolites that neuroactive (i.e., modulating glutamatergic cholinergic neurotransmission), neuroprotective, or neurotoxic. Consequently, KP at crossroads between two primary systems involved pathogenesis schizophrenia. It bridges central nervous system (CNS) periphery, as can cross blood–brain barrier modulate neuronal activity. Metabolic syndrome plays crucial role this context, frequently co-occurs with schizophrenia, contributing sub-inflammatory state able activate KP. This narrative review provides valuable insights into these interactions, offering framework for developing targeted therapeutic interventions precision psychiatry approaches disorder.

Language: Английский

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Longitudinal associations of naturalistic psychedelic use with psychotic and manic symptoms

Psychological Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 55

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Abstract Background Findings from contemporary clinical trials suggest that psychedelics are generally safe and may be effective in the treatment of various psychiatric disorders. However, less is known about risks associated with psychedelic use outside medically supervised contexts, particularly populations typically excluded participation trials. Methods Using a preregistered longitudinal observational research design purposive sample US residents between 18 50 years old ( N =21,990), we investigated associations self-reported naturalistic psychotic manic symptoms, emphasis on those histories schizophrenia or bipolar I disorder. Results The follow-up survey was completed by 12,345 participants (56% retention), 505 reporting during 2-month study period. In covariate-adjusted regression models, period increases severity symptoms. such were only observed for who reported an illegal context. While symptoms appeared to depend frequency intensity challenging experiences, moderated personal history disorder subjective experience insight experience. Conclusions findings specifically contexts lead Such use, acute experience, history.

Language: Английский

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Neuroimaging biomarkers: a critical review of their role in neurological disease diagnosis and management

Brain Disorders, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18, P. 100222 - 100222

Published: April 21, 2025

Language: Английский

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