Candidate biomarkers in psychiatric disorders: state of the field

World Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 22(2), P. 236 - 262

Published: May 9, 2023

The field of psychiatry is hampered by a lack robust, reliable and valid biomarkers that can aid in objectively diagnosing patients providing individualized treatment recommendations. Here we review critically evaluate the evidence for most promising psychiatric neuroscience literature autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, anxiety disorders post‐traumatic stress major depression bipolar substance use disorders. Candidate reviewed include various neuroimaging, genetic, molecular peripheral assays, purposes determining susceptibility or presence illness, predicting response safety. This highlights critical gap biomarker validation process. An enormous societal investment over past 50 years has identified numerous candidate biomarkers. However, to date, overwhelming majority these measures have not been proven sufficiently reliable, useful be adopted clinically. It time consider whether strategic investments might break this impasse, focusing on limited number candidates advance through process definitive testing specific indication. Some N170 signal, an event‐related brain potential measured using electroencephalography, subgroup identification within disorder; striatal resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) measures, such as connectivity index (SCI) abnormalities (FSA) index, prediction schizophrenia; error‐related negativity (ERN), electrophysiological first onset generalized structural connectomic social disorder. Alternate forms classification may conceptualizing Collaborative efforts allowing inclusion biosystems beyond genetics neuroimaging are needed, online remote acquisition selected naturalistic setting mobile health tools significantly field. Setting benchmarks well‐defined target application, along with development appropriate funding partnership mechanisms, would also crucial. Finally, it should never forgotten that, actionable, will need clinically predictive at individual level viable clinical settings.

Language: Английский

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Novel Agents for the Pharmacological Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorder

Drugs, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 82(3), P. 251 - 274

Published: Feb. 1, 2022

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a highly prevalent but severely under-treated disorder, with only three widely-approved pharmacotherapies. Given that AUD very heterogeneous it unlikely one single medication will be effective for all individuals an AUD. As such, there need to develop new, more effective, and diverse pharmacological treatment options the hopes of increasing utilization improving care. In this qualitative literature review, we discuss efficacy, mechanism action, tolerability approved, repurposed, novel pharmacotherapies clinical perspective. Pharmacotherapies discussed include: disulfiram, acamprosate, naltrexone, nalmefene, topiramate, gabapentin, varenicline, baclofen, sodium oxybate, aripiprazole, ondansetron, mifepristone, ibudilast, suvorexant, prazosin, doxazosin, N-acetylcysteine, GET73, ASP8062, ABT-436, PF-5190457, cannabidiol. Overall, many repurposed agents in review demonstrate effectiveness promise future treatment. Importantly, these medications also offer potential improvements towards advancement precision medicine personalized population. However, remains great improve access treatment, increase menu approved treatments, de-stigmatize treatment-seeking

Language: Английский

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Hazardous drinking and alcohol use disorders

Nature Reviews Disease Primers, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Dec. 22, 2022

Language: Английский

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Co-occurrence of chronic pain and anxiety/depression symptoms in U.S. adults: prevalence, functional impacts, and opportunities

Pain, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 21, 2023

Abstract Co-occurrence of chronic pain and clinically significant symptoms anxiety and/or depression is regularly noted in the literature. Yet, little known empirically about population prevalence co-occurring symptoms, nor whether people with constitute a distinct subpopulation within US adults living or (A/D). To address this gap, study analyzes data from 2019 National Health Interview Survey, representative annual survey self-reported health status treatment use United States (n = 31,997). Approximately 12 million adults, 4.9% adult population, have A/D symptoms. Unremitted co-occurred 23.9% pain, compared an among those without pain. Conversely, majority (55.6%) unremitted 17.1% The likelihood experiencing functional limitations daily life was highest alone alone. Among 69.4% reported that work limited due to problem, 43.7% difficulty doing errands alone, 55.7% participating social activities. These point need for targeted investment improving outcomes nearly 1 20

Language: Английский

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Alcohol Use Disorder Treatment: Problems and Solutions

The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 64(1), P. 255 - 275

Published: Jan. 23, 2024

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) afflicts over 29 million individuals and causes more than 140,000 deaths annually in the United States. A heuristic framework for AUD includes a three-stage cycle—binge/intoxication, withdrawal/negative affect, preoccupation/anticipation—that provides starting point exploring heterogeneity of with regard to treatment. Effective behavioral health treatments US Food Drug Administration–approved medications are available but greatly underutilized, creating major treatment gap. This review outlines challenges that face alcohol field closing this gap offers solutions, including broadening end points approval AUD; increasing uptake screening, brief intervention, referral treatment; addressing stigma; implementing definition recovery; engaging early educating health-care professionals public about associated misuse. Additionally, focuses on potential targets development by utilizing model addiction domains dysfunction mediating neurobiology AUD.

Language: Английский

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Opportunities and risks of large language models in psychiatry

NPP—Digital Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2(1)

Published: May 24, 2024

Abstract The integration of large language models (LLMs) into mental healthcare and research heralds a potentially transformative shift, one offering enhanced access to care, efficient data collection, innovative therapeutic tools. This paper reviews the development, function, burgeoning use LLMs in psychiatry, highlighting their potential enhance through improved diagnostic accuracy, personalized streamlined administrative processes. It is also acknowledged that introduce challenges related computational demands, for misinterpretation, ethical concerns, necessitating development pragmatic frameworks ensure safe deployment. We explore both promise enriching psychiatric care examples such as predictive analytics therapy chatbots risks including labor substitution, privacy necessity responsible AI practices. conclude by advocating processes develop guardrails, red-teaming, multi-stakeholder-oriented safety, guidelines/frameworks, mitigate harness full advancing health.

Language: Английский

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A full semantic toolbox is essential for autism research and practice to thrive

Autism Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 16(3), P. 497 - 501

Published: Dec. 12, 2022

Individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) present a highly diverse set of challenges, disabilities, impairments and strengths. Recently, it has been suggested that researchers practitioners avoid using certain words to describe the difficulties experienced by individuals ASD reduce stigma. The proposed limitations on terminology were developed only subset community, recommendations are already causing negative consequences may be harmful future scientific clinical endeavors and, ultimately, people ASD. No one should have power censor language exclude observable realities autism. Scientists clinicians must able use any scientifically accurate terms necessary wide range autistic they study support, without fear censure or retribution.

Language: Английский

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Moving from Disorder to Difference: A Systematic Review of Recent Language Use in Autism Research

Autism in Adulthood, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(2), P. 128 - 140

Published: Sept. 6, 2023

The neurodiversity paradigm positions autism as a neurological difference that is disabling in the societal context, shifting away from traditional medical view of disorder. Several recent publications recommend use alternative neuro-affirming language (ANL) instead (TML) with aim to increase acceptance autistic people and reduce prejudice. Examining within literature, including by journal study characteristics, may offer insight into influence these recommendations current disability discourse.

Language: Английский

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Stigma toward substance use disorders: a multinational perspective and call for action

Frontiers in Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

Samer El Hayek1†Wael Foad1†Renato de Filippis2†Abhishek Ghosh3†Nadine Koukach1†Aala Mahgoub Mohammed Khier1Sagun Ballav Pant4†Vanessa Padilla5†Rodrigo Ramalho6†Hossameldin Tolba1†Mohammadreza Shalbafan7*†

Language: Английский

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Cervical cancer stigma – A silent barrier to the elimination of cervical cancer

Cancer, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 131(5)

Published: Feb. 28, 2025

Stigma presents a unique and underexplored barrier to cervical cancer control. Novel methods reduce stigma can be employed the global burden of this disease.

Language: Английский

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