Biological Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown
Published: June 1, 2024
Language: Английский
Medicina, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 59(6), P. 1119 - 1119
Published: June 9, 2023
Alarming statistics show that the number of people affected by excessive weight has surpassed 2 billion, representing approximately 30% world's population. The aim this review is to provide a comprehensive overview one most serious public health problems, considering obesity requires an integrative approach takes into account its complex etiology, including genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Only understanding connections between many contributors synergy treatment interventions can ensure satisfactory outcomes in reducing obesity. Mechanisms such as oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, dysbiosis play crucial role pathogenesis associated complications. Compounding factors deleterious effects novel challenge posed obesogenic digital (food) environment, stigma with should not be overlooked. Preclinical research animal models been instrumental elucidating these mechanisms, translation clinical practice provided promising therapeutic options, epigenetic approaches, pharmacotherapy, bariatric surgery. However, more studies are necessary discover new compounds target key metabolic pathways, innovative ways deliver drugs, optimal combinations allopathic treatments, and, last but least, emerging biological markers for effective monitoring. With each passing day, crisis tightens grip, threatening only individual lives also burdening healthcare systems societies at large. It high time we took action confront urgent imperative address escalating global head-on.
Language: Английский
Citations
21
Brain Behavior and Immunity, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 114, P. 360 - 370
Published: Sept. 7, 2023
Language: Английский
Citations
21
Translational Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(1)
Published: May 25, 2023
Abstract Hyperactivation of amygdala is a neural marker for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and improvement in control over activity has been associated with treatment success PTSD. In this randomized, double-blind clinical trial we evaluated the efficacy real-time fMRI neurofeedback intervention designed to train following trauma recall. Twenty-five patients PTSD completed three sessions training which they attempted downregulate feedback signal after exposure personalized scripts. For subjects active experimental group ( N = 14), was from functionally localized region their 11), yoked-sham provided. Changes symptoms served as primary secondary outcome measurements, respectively. We found significantly greater improvements than 30-days intervention. Both groups showed symptom scores, however reduction not group. Our finding suggests potential application treatment. Thus, further development treatment, including evaluation larger samples, warranted.
Language: Английский
Citations
19
Neuron, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 111(22), P. 3650 - 3667.e6
Published: Aug. 30, 2023
Language: Английский
Citations
18
Brain Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(3), P. 210 - 210
Published: Feb. 24, 2024
First-line treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) encompass a wide range of pharmacotherapies and psychotherapies. However, many patients fail to respond such interventions, highlighting the need novel approaches. Due its ability modulate cortical activity, non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) could represent valuable therapeutic tool. Therefore, aim this systematic review is summarize discuss existing evidence on ameliorative effects NIBS PTSD comorbid anxiety depressive symptoms. Our goal also debate effectiveness an integrated approach characterized by combination psychotherapy. This search was conducted following preferred reporting items reviews meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines in PubMed, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, PSYINDEX, MEDLINE, ERIC databases. Overall, 31 studies met eligibility criteria, yielding total 26 clinical trials employing transcranial magnetic (TMS) 5 making use direct-current (tDCS). From these studies, it emerged that consistently reduced overall symptoms' severity as well Moreover, we speculate combining with prolonged exposure or cognitive processing therapy might promising ameliorating subjects' conditions.
Language: Английский
Citations
8
Frontiers in Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15
Published: June 6, 2024
Introduction Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric triggered by exposure to life-threatening or sexually violent traumatic event, and characterized symptoms involving intrusive re-experiencing, persistent avoidance of associated stimuli, emotional cognitive disturbances, hyperarousal for long periods after the trauma has occurred. These debilitating induce occupational social impairments that contribute significant clinical burden PTSD patients, substantial socioeconomic costs, reaching approximately $20,000 dollars per individual with each year in US. Despite increased translational research focus field PTSD, development novel, effective pharmacotherapies its treatment remains an important unmet need. Observations In this review, we summarize evidence implicating dysfunctional activity amygdala pathophysiology PTSD. We identify transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) ion channels as promising drug targets given their distribution amygdala, from animal studies demonstrating role fear response modulation. discuss evidence-based pharmacotherapy psychotherapy approaches Discussion view prevalence economic further investigation warranted into novel based on our knowledge involvement brain circuitry well added value combined better manage symptoms.
Language: Английский
Citations
8
American Journal of Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 181(8), P. 705 - 719
Published: Aug. 1, 2024
The recent worldwide surge of warfare and hostilities exposes increasingly large numbers individuals to traumatic events, placing them at risk developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) challenging both clinicians service delivery systems. This overview summarizes updates the core knowledge genetic, molecular, neural circuit features neurobiology PTSD advances in evidence-based psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy, neuromodulation, digital treatments. While complexity biological clinical heterogeneity have challenged researchers, there is an emerging consensus concerning underlying mechanisms approaches diagnosis, treatment, prevention PTSD. update addresses prevalence, course, factors, neurobiological mechanisms, current standard care, innovations next-generation treatment strategies. It provides a comprehensive summary concludes with areas research for integrating novel targets.
Language: Английский
Citations
7
Molecular Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 28(11), P. 4602 - 4612
Published: April 19, 2023
Language: Английский
Citations
16
Current Neuropharmacology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 22(5), P. 935 - 962
Published: July 5, 2023
Abstract: Exposure to acute and chronic stress has a broad range of structural effects on the brain. The brain areas commonly targeted in response models include hippocampus, amygdala, prefrontal cortex. Studies patients suffering from so-called stress-related disorders -embracing post-traumatic stress, major depressive anxiety disorders- have fairly replicated animal -particularly neuroendocrine inflammatory models- by finding alterations different areas, even early neurodevelopment. Therefore, this narrative review aims provide an overview neuroimaging findings discuss how these studies contributed our knowledge variability ulterior development disorders. There are gross number available but research as single category is still its infancy. Although point at particular circuitries involved emotion regulation, pathophysiology abnormalities -involving genetics, epigenetics molecular pathways-, their relation intraindividual responses -including personality characteristics, self-perception conditions…-, potential involvement biomarkers diagnosis, treatment prescription prognosis discussed.
Language: Английский
Citations
16
Frontiers in Neural Circuits, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17
Published: March 23, 2023
Fear learning and memory rely on dynamic interactions between the excitatory inhibitory neuronal populations that make up prefrontal cortical, amygdala, hippocampal circuits. Whereas inhibition of principal cells (PCs) by GABAergic neurons restrains their excitation, promotes excitation PCs through a process called disinhibition. Specifically, interneurons express parvalbumin (PV+) somatostatin (SOM+) provide to different subcellular domains PCs, whereas those vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP+) facilitate disinhibition inhibiting PV+ SOM+ interneurons. Importantly, although main connectivity motifs underlying network functions PV+, SOM+, VIP+ are replicated across cortical limbic areas, these play region-specific roles in fear memory. Here, we an overview processing hippocampus, cortex based evidence obtained human animal studies. Moreover, focusing recent findings using genetically defined imaging intervention strategies, discuss population-specific Last, review current insights integrate disinhibitory patterns into acquisition fear-related disorders.
Language: Английский
Citations
15