Omicron variant of SARS‐CoV‐2: Genomics, transmissibility, and responses to current COVID‐19 vaccines

Journal of Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 94(5), P. 1825 - 1832

Published: Jan. 13, 2022

Currently, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread worldwide as an Omicron variant. This variant is a heavily mutated virus and designated of concern by the World Health Organization (WHO). WHO cautioned that SARS-CoV-2 held very high risk infection, reigniting anxieties about economy's recovery from 2-year pandemic. The extensively likely to internationally, posing infection surges with serious repercussions in some areas. According preliminary data, higher reinfection. On other hand, whether current COVID-19 vaccines could effectively resist new strain still under investigation. However, there limited information on situation variant, such genomics, transmissibility, efficacy vaccines, treatment, management. review focused transmission, effectiveness against which will be helpful for further investigation SARS-CoV-2.

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant: recent progress and future perspectives

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: April 28, 2022

Abstract Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there have been a few variants severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2), one which is Omicron variant (B.1.1.529). The most mutated SARS-CoV-2 variant, and its high transmissibility immune evasion ability raised global concerns. Owing to enhanced transmissibility, has rapidly replaced Delta as dominant in several regions. However, recent studies shown that exhibits reduced pathogenicity due altered cell tropism. In addition, significant resistance neutralizing activity vaccines, convalescent serum, antibody therapies. present review, advances molecular clinical characteristics infectivity, pathogenicity, was summarized, potential therapeutic applications response infection were discussed. Furthermore, we highlighted future waves strategies end pandemic.

Language: Английский

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Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant, salient features, high global health concerns and strategies to counter it amid ongoing COVID-19 pandemic

Environmental Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 209, P. 112816 - 112816

Published: Jan. 29, 2022

Language: Английский

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A Detailed Overview of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron: Its Sub-Variants, Mutations and Pathophysiology, Clinical Characteristics, Immunological Landscape, Immune Escape, and Therapies

Viruses, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 167 - 167

Published: Jan. 5, 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has created significant concern for everyone. Recent data from many worldwide reports suggest that most infections are caused by the Omicron variant and its sub-lineages, dominating all previously emerged variants. numerous mutations in Omicron’s viral genome sub-lineages attribute it a larger amount of fitness, owing to alteration transmission pathophysiology virus. With rapid change structure, sub-variants, namely BA.1, BA.2, BA.3, BA.4, BA.5, dominate community with an ability escape neutralization efficiency induced prior vaccination or infections. Similarly, several recombinant sub-variants Omicron, XBB, XBD, XBF, etc., have emerged, which better understanding. This review mainly entails changes due having higher number mutations. binding affinity, cellular entry, disease severity, infection rates, importantly, immune evading potential them discussed this review. A comparative analysis Delta other variants evolved before gives readers in-depth understanding landscape infection. Furthermore, discusses range abilities possessed approved antiviral therapeutic molecules neutralizing antibodies functional against sub-variants. evolution is causing infections, but broader aspect their not been explored. Thus, scientific should adopt elucidative approach obtain clear idea about recently including variants, so effective vaccines drugs can be achieved. This, turn, will lead drop cases and, finally, end pandemic.

Language: Английский

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Origin, virological features, immune evasion and intervention of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sublineages

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: July 19, 2022

Recently, a large number of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants continuously emerged and posed major threat to global public health. Among them, particularly, Omicron variant (B.1.1.529), first identified in November 2021, carried numerous mutations its spike protein (S), then quickly spread around the world. Currently, has expanded into more than one hundred sublineages, such as BA.1, BA.2, BA.2.12.1, BA.4 BA.5, which have already become globally dominant variants. Different from other concern (VOCs) SARS-CoV-2, sublineages exhibit increased transmissibility immune escape neutralizing antibodies generated through previous infection or vaccination, caused re-infections breakthrough infections. In this prospective, we focused on origin, virological features, evasion intervention will benefit development next-generation vaccines therapeutics, including pan-sarbecovirus universal anti-CoV combat currently circulating future emerging well SARS-CoV-2

Language: Английский

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Advances in the Omicron variant development

Journal of Internal Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 292(1), P. 81 - 90

Published: March 15, 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 has spread worldwide, leading the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare a pandemic, on 11 March 2020. Variants of concern have appeared at regular intervals-Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and now Omicron. Omicron variant, first identified in Botswana November 2021, is rapidly becoming dominant circulating variant. In this review, we provide an overview regarding molecular profile epidemiology, transmissibility, impact vaccines, as well vaccine escape, finally, report pharmacological agents able block endocellular entry SARS-CoV-2 or inhibit its viral replication. The more than 50 mutations, which spike protein 26-35 amino acids different from original virus some are associated with humoral immune escape potential greater transmissibility. significant growth advantage over rapid higher incidence levels. disease so far been mild compared Delta. two vaccination doses offer little no protection against infection while booster illness likely even levels serious illness. Recently, new oral antiviral such molnupiravir paxlovid approved represent important therapeutic alternatives remdesivir. addition, monoclonal antibodies casirivimab/imdevimab bind epitopes receptor; class drugs effective variant? However, research needed define whether indeed infectious antibodies, antivirals currently available effective.

Language: Английский

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Homologous or heterologous booster of inactivated vaccine reduces SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant escape from neutralizing antibodies

Emerging Microbes & Infections, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(1), P. 477 - 481

Published: Jan. 15, 2022

The massive and rapid transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has led to the emergence several viral variants concern (VOCs), with most recent one, B.1.1.529 (Omicron), which accumulated a large number spike mutations, raising specter that this newly identified variant may escape from currently available vaccines therapeutic antibodies. Using VSV-based pseudovirus, we found Omicron is markedly resistant neutralization sera convalescents or individuals vaccinated by two doses inactivated whole-virion (BBIBP-CorV). However, homologous vaccine booster heterologous protein subunit (ZF2001) significantly increased titers both WT variant. Moreover, at day 14 post third dose, neutralizing antibody titer reduction for was less than who had only vaccine, indicating can reduce neutralizing. In addition, tested panel 17 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). resists seven eight authorized/approved mAbs, as well other mAbs targeting distinct epitopes on RBD NTD. Taken together, our results suggest urgency push forward vaccination combat emerging variants.

Language: Английский

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Household transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant of concern subvariants BA.1 and BA.2 in Denmark

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Sept. 30, 2022

SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to evolve and new variants emerge. Using nationwide Danish data, we estimate the transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants BA.1 BA.2 within households. Among 22,678 primary cases, identified 17,319 secondary infections among 50,588 household contacts during a 1-7 day follow-up. The attack rate (SAR) was 29% 39% in households infected with BA.2, respectively. associated increased susceptibility infection for unvaccinated (Odds Ratio (OR) 1.99; 95%-CI 1.72-2.31), fully vaccinated (OR 2.26; 1.95-2.62) booster-vaccinated 2.65; 2.29-3.08), compared BA.1. We also found infectiousness from cases 2.47; 2.15-2.84), but not 0.66; 0.57-0.78) or 0.69; 0.59-0.82). is inherently more transmissible than Its immune-evasive properties reduce protective effect vaccination against infection, do increase breakthrough individuals.

Language: Английский

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Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) and its sublineages: What do we know so far amid the emergence of recombinant variants of SARS-CoV-2?

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 154, P. 113522 - 113522

Published: Aug. 15, 2022

Since the start of COVID-19 pandemic, numerous variants SARS-CoV-2 have been reported worldwide. The advent concern (VOCs) raises severe concerns amid serious containment efforts against that include physical measures, pharmacological repurposing, immunization, and genomic/community surveillance. Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) has identified as a highly modified, contagious, crucial among five VOCs SARS-CoV-2. increased affinity spike protein (S-protein), host receptor, angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2), due to higher number mutations in receptor-binding domain (RBD) S-protein proposed primary reason for decreased efficacy majorly available vaccines transmissible nature variant. Because its significant competitive advantage, sublineages swiftly surpassed other become dominant circulating lineages nations. prevalent strain United Kingdom South Africa. Furthermore, emergence recombinant through conjunction with or by mixing variant's sublineages/subvariants poses major threat humanity. This various issues hazards regarding sublineages, such an breakout susceptible populations fully vaccinated persons. As result, understanding features genetic implications this is crucial. Hence, we explained depth evolution analyzed repercussions on infectiousness, dissemination ability, viral entry mechanism, immune evasion. We also presented viewpoint feasible strategies precluding counteracting any future catastrophic spread omicron could result detrimental wave cases.

Language: Английский

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Evolutionary and Structural Insights about Potential SARS-CoV-2 Evasion of Nirmatrelvir

Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 65(13), P. 8686 - 8698

Published: June 22, 2022

The U.S. FDA approval of PAXLOVID, a combination therapy nirmatrelvir and ritonavir has significantly boosted our morale in fighting the COVID-19 pandemic. Nirmatrelvir is an inhibitor main protease (MPro) SARS-CoV-2. Since many SARS-CoV-2 variants that resist vaccines antibodies have emerged, concern acquired viral resistance to naturally arises. Here, possible mutations MPro confer evasion are analyzed discussed from both evolutionary structural standpoints. analysis indicates those will likely reside whole aa45–51 helical region residues including M165, L167, P168, R188, Q189. Relevant also been observed existing samples. Implications this fight against future drug-resistant development broad-spectrum antivirals as well.

Language: Английский

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