Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 185, P. 117936 - 117936
Published: March 8, 2025
Language: Английский
Cell Communication and Signaling, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(1)
Published: May 15, 2023
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by a new member of the Coronaviridae family known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). There are structural and non-structural proteins (NSPs) in genome this virus. S, M, H, E proteins, NSPs include accessory replicase proteins. The NSP components SARS-CoV-2 play an important role its infectivity, some them may be pathogenesis chronic diseases, including cancer, coagulation disorders, neurodegenerative cardiovascular diseases. interact with targets such angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) receptor. In addition, can stimulate pathological intracellular signaling pathways triggering transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), neuropilin-1 (NRP-1), CD147, Eph receptors, which roles progression diseases like Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, cancers glioblastoma, lung malignancies, leukemias. Several compounds polyphenols, doxazosin, baricitinib, ruxolitinib could inhibit these interactions. It has been demonstrated that spike protein stronger affinity for human ACE2 than SARS-CoV, leading current study to hypothesize newly produced variant Omicron receptor-binding domain (RBD) binds more strongly primary strain. SARS Middle East (MERS) viruses against have become resistant previous vaccines. Therefore, review recent studies performance vaccines their effects on COVID-19 related vital need deal conditions. This examines potential initiation it anticipated serve effective vaccine or treatment Video Abstract.
Language: Английский
Citations
66
Drug Resistance Updates, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 65, P. 100882 - 100882
Published: Oct. 3, 2022
Language: Английский
Citations
41
Vaccines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(3), P. 699 - 699
Published: March 19, 2023
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused havoc all around the world. causative agent of is novel form coronavirus (CoV) named SARS-CoV-2, which results in immune system disruption, increased inflammation, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). T cells have been important components system, decide fate disease. Recent studies reported an subset known as regulatory (Tregs), possess immunosuppressive immunoregulatory properties play a crucial role prognosis shown that patients considerably fewer Tregs than general population. Such decrement may impact on number ways, including diminishing effect inflammatory inhibition, creating inequality Treg/Th17 percentage, raising chance failure. Having enhance likelihood long COVID development addition to contributing disease's poor prognosis. Additionally, tissue-resident provide tissue repair activities, aid recovery patients. severity illness also linked abnormalities Tregs' phenotype, such reduced expression FoxP3 other cytokines, IL-10 TGF-beta. Hence, this review, we summarize mechanisms their possible roles Furthermore, perturbations associated with disease severity. are explained COVID. This review discusses potential therapeutic management COVID-19.
Language: Английский
Citations
41
Vaccines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(1), P. 101 - 101
Published: Jan. 1, 2023
The emergence of novel variants SARS-CoV-2 and their abilities to evade the immune response elicited through presently available vaccination makes it essential recognize mechanisms which interacts with human response. It is not only comprehend infection mechanism but also for generation effective reliable vaccines against COVID-19. effectiveness vaccine supported by adaptive response, mainly consists B T cells, play a critical role in deciding prognosis COVID-19 disease. cells are reducing viral load containing infection. A plethora proteins can be recognized provide broad range protection, especially amid SARS-CoV-2. However, hyperactivation effector reduced number lymphocytes have been found key characteristics severe Notably, excessive cell activation may cause acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) producing unwarranted amounts cytokines chemokines. Nevertheless, still unknown how T-cell-mediated responses function determining Additionally, functional perturbations lead form disease protection many other infections. Hence, an updated review has developed understand involvement mechanism, turn determines Importantly, we focused on cells’ exhaustion under certain conditions these modulated therapeutic strategies discussed that elevate cell-mediated either directly or indirectly.
Language: Английский
Citations
34
Viruses, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(4), P. 856 - 856
Published: March 27, 2023
Genetic variant(s) of concern (VoC) SARS-CoV-2 have been emerging worldwide due to mutations in the gene encoding spike glycoprotein. We performed comprehensive analyses protein significant variant clade SARS-CoV-2, using data available on Nextstrain server. selected various mutations, namely, A222V, N439K, N501Y, L452R, Y453F, E484K, K417N, T478K, L981F, L212I, N856K, T547K, G496S, and Y369C for this study. These were chosen based their global entropic score, emergence, spread, transmission, location receptor binding domain (RBD). The relative abundance these was mapped with mutation D614G as a reference. Our suggest rapid emergence newer alongside D614G, reported during recent waves COVID-19 parts world. could be instrumentally imperative infectivity, virulence, host immune system’s evasion SARS-CoV-2. probable impact vaccine effectiveness, antigenic diversity, antibody interactions, stability, RBD flexibility, accessibility human cell ACE2 studied silico. Overall, present study can help researchers design next generation vaccines biotherapeutics combat infection.
Language: Английский
Citations
29
Metabolites, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 309 - 309
Published: Feb. 20, 2023
The nucleoside analog β-D-N4-hydroxycytidine is the active metabolite of prodrug molnupiravir and accepted as an efficient drug against COVID-19. Molnupiravir targets RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) enzyme, which responsible for replicating viral genome during replication process certain types viruses. It works by disrupting normal function RdRp causing it to make mistakes genome. These can prevent from being transcribed, converted into a complementary DNA template, translated, or functional protein. By these crucial steps in process, effectively inhibit virus reduce its ability cause disease. This review article sheds light on impact SARS-CoV-2 variants concern, such delta, omicron, hybrid/recombinant variants. detailed mechanism molecular interactions using docking dynamics have also been covered. safety tolerability patients with comorbidities emphasized.
Language: Английский
Citations
28
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 20(3), P. 2150 - 2150
Published: Jan. 25, 2023
The Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant of the severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) had an increased rate spreading among general population. Although this virus mutation resulted in milder symptoms, those on vulnerable side population are still danger developing symptoms. Thus, systematic review focused identifying clinical outcomes older age patients (>65) that hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 variant. research was conducted using four electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web Science, and ProQuest Central), a search query December 2022 comprised duration COVID-19 pandemic. inclusion criteria (1) than 65 years, (2) history hospitalization for infection, (3) infection B.1.1.529 initial generated 295 articles, out which six were included review, total 7398 patients. main findings when looking at elderly population, mortality rates remained high. This is because people more have comorbidities interfere virus’s progress. However, there inconsistency rates, since data reported by studies different selection based severity infection. no statistically significant differences found between unvaccinated vaccinated groups, who got booster doses vaccination lower likelihood serving as protective factor
Language: Английский
Citations
23
Heliyon, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(9), P. e30208 - e30208
Published: April 25, 2024
The rapid emergence of multiple strains Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has sparked profound concerns regarding the ongoing evolution virus and its potential impact on global health. Classified by World Health Organization (WHO) as variants concern (VOC), these exhibit heightened transmissibility pathogenicity, posing significant challenges to existing vaccine strategies. Despite widespread vaccination efforts, continual SARS-CoV-2 presents a formidable obstacle achieving herd immunity. Of particular is coronavirus spike (S) protein, pivotal viral surface protein crucial for host cell entry infectivity. Mutations within S have been shown enhance confer resistance antibody-mediated neutralization, undermining efficacy traditional platforms. Moreover, undergoes molecular under selective immune pressure, leading diverse with distinct mutation profiles. This review underscores urgent need vigilance adaptation in development efforts combat evolving landscape mutations ensure long-term effectiveness immunization campaigns.
Language: Английский
Citations
11
Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15
Published: Feb. 23, 2024
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has a global pandemic. The Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) was first discovered in November 2021 specimens collected from Botswana, South Africa. become dominant worldwide, and several sublineages or subvariants have been identified recently. Compared to those of other mutants, most highly expressed amino acid mutations, with almost 60 mutations throughout genome, are spike (S) protein, especially receptor-binding domain (RBD). These increase binding affinity variants for ACE2 receptor, may also lead immune escape. Despite causing milder symptoms, epidemiological evidence suggests that exceptionally higher transmissibility, rates reinfection greater spread than prototype strain as well preceding variants. Additionally, overwhelming amounts data suggest levels specific neutralization antibodies against decrease vaccinated populations, although CD4 + CD8 T-cell responses maintained. Therefore, mechanisms underlying evasion still unclear. In this review, we surveyed current epidemic status potential escape Especially, focused on roles viral epitope antigenic drift, hybrid immunity, “original sin” mediating evasion. insights might supply more valuable concise information us understand spreading
Language: Английский
Citations
8
Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown
Published: Jan. 30, 2025
SARS-CoV-2 variant recurrence has emphasized the imperative prerequisite for effective antivirals. The main protease (Mpro) of is crucial viral replication, making it one prime and promising antiviral targets. Mpro features several druggable sites, including active sites allosteric near dimerization interface, that regulate its catalytic activity. This study identified six highly efficacious compounds (WIN-62577, KT185, bexarotene, ledipasvir, diacerein, simepervir) using structure-based virtual screening compound libraries against Mpro. Using SPR ITC, binding selected inhibitory to target was validated. FRET-based assay demonstrated molecules effectively inhibit with IC50 values in range from 0.64 11.98 μM. Additionally, vitro cell-based assays showed high efficacy EC50 1.51 18.92 crystal structure Mpro-minocycline complex detailed possible inhibition mechanism minocycline, an FDA-approved antibiotic. Minocycline binds site, revealing residues critical loss activity due destabilization molecular interactions at dimeric which are proteolytic suggests minocycline site may play a role dimer direct rational design derivatives as drugs.
Language: Английский
Citations
1