Oxidative Stress, Atherogenic Dyslipidemia, and Cardiovascular Risk DOI Creative Commons
Jelena Vekić, Kristine Stromsnes,

Stefania Mazzalai

et al.

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(11), P. 2897 - 2897

Published: Oct. 26, 2023

Oxidative stress is the consequence of an overproduction reactive oxygen species (ROS) that exceeds antioxidant defense mechanisms. Increased levels ROS contribute to development cardiovascular disorders through oxidative damage macromolecules, particularly by oxidation plasma lipoproteins. One most prominent features atherogenic dyslipidemia accumulation small dense LDL (sdLDL) particles, characterized increased susceptibility oxidation. Indeed, a considerable and diverse body evidence from animal models epidemiological studies was generated supporting modification sdLDL particles as earliest event in atherogenesis. Lipid peroxidation results formation various bioactive atherosclerotic process different pathophysiological mechanisms, including foam cell formation, direct detrimental effects, receptor-mediated activation pro-inflammatory signaling pathways. In this paper, we will discuss recent data on role their interplay atherosclerosis. addition, special focus be placed clinical applicability novel, promising biomarkers these processes.

Language: Английский

The Pharmacological Efficacy of Baicalin in Inflammatory Diseases DOI Open Access
Yongqiang Wen, Shaobin Wang, Chenxu Zhao

et al.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(11), P. 9317 - 9317

Published: May 26, 2023

Baicalin is one of the most abundant flavonoids found in dried roots Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (SBG) belonging to genus Scutellaria. While baicalin demonstrated have anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antitumor, antibacterial, anticonvulsant, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective effects, its low hydrophilicity lipophilicity limit bioavailability pharmacological functions. Therefore, an in-depth study baicalin’s pharmacokinetics contributes laying theoretical foundation for applied research disease treatment. In this view, physicochemical properties anti-inflammatory activity are summarized terms bioavailability, drug interaction, inflammatory conditions.

Language: Английский

Citations

67
Obesity and Dyslipidemia: A Review of Current Evidence DOI
Jelena Vekić, Aleksandra Stefanović, Aleksandra Zeljković

et al.

Current Obesity Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(3), P. 207 - 222

Published: July 6, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

66
Epidemiology of Metabolic Dysfunction Associated Steatotic Liver Disease DOI Creative Commons
Zobair M. Younossi,

Markos Kalligeros,

Linda Henry

et al.

Clinical and Molecular Hepatology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Aug. 19, 2024

As the rates of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) continue to increase globally, so does prevalence metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Currently, 38% all adults 7-14% children adolescents have MASLD. By 2040, MASLD rate for is projected over 55%. Although many with will not develop progressive disease, given vast number patients MASLD, it has now become top indication transplant in United States those hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) women. However, most common cause mortality among remains death cardiovascular diseases. In addition outcomes (cirrhosis HCC), increased risk developing de-novo T2D, chronic kidney sarcopenia extrahepatic cancers. Furthermore, decreased health related quality life, work productivity, fatigue healthcare resource utilization substantial economic burden. Similar other lifestyle interventions heathy diet physical activity remain cornerstone managing these patients. a T2D drugs are available treat co-morbid Resmetirom only MASH-targeted medication that was recently approved by Federal Drug Administration use stage 2-3 fibrosis. The following review provides an overview epidemiology, its factors demonstrates without further global initiatives, may increase.

Language: Английский

Citations

64
Type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults: pathogenesis, prevention and therapy DOI Creative Commons
Xi Lu,

Qingxing Xie,

Xiaohui Pan

et al.

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Oct. 2, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

57
The roles of dietary lipids and lipidomics in gut-brain axis in type 2 diabetes mellitus DOI Creative Commons
Duygu Ağagündüz, Mehmet Arif İçer, Özge Yeşildemir

et al.

Journal of Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: April 2, 2023

Abstract Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), one of the main types Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), is a systemic inflammatory disease characterized by dysfunctional pancreatic β-cells and/or peripheral insulin resistance, resulting in impaired glucose and lipid metabolism. Genetic, metabolic, multiple lifestyle, sociodemographic factors are known as related to high T2DM risk. Dietary lipids metabolism significant metabolic modulators T2DM-related complications. Besides, accumulated evidence suggests that altered gut microbiota which plays an important role health host contributes significantly involving or improved At this point, dietary may affect physiology via interaction with microbiota. increasing literature lipidomics novel parameters detected holistic analytical techniques have roles pathogenesis progression T2DM, through various mechanisms action including gut-brain axis modulation. A better understanding some nutrients interactions will help develop new strategies for prevention treatment T2DM. However, issue has not yet been entirely discussed literature. The present review provides up-to-date knowledge on nutritional considering lipids- given.

Language: Английский

Citations

49
Gut microbiota dysbiosis in polycystic ovary syndrome: Mechanisms of progression and clinical applications DOI Creative Commons

Yan Sun,

Shouyang Gao,

Cong Ye

et al.

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Feb. 24, 2023

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine diseases in women of childbearing age that leads to menstrual disorders and infertility. The pathogenesis PCOS complex has not yet been fully clarified. Gut microbiota associated with lipid, glucose, steroid hormone metabolish. A large body studies demonstrated gut could regulate synthesis secretion insulin, affect androgen metabolism follicle development, providing us a novel idea for unravelling PCOS. relationship between particularly important. This study reviewed recent research advances roles occurrence development It expected provide new direction treatment based on microbiota.

Language: Английский

Citations

45
Prediabetes Increases the Risk of Frailty in Prefrail Older Adults With Hypertension: Beneficial Effects of Metformin DOI

Gaetano Santulli,

Valeria Visco, Fahimeh Varzideh

et al.

Hypertension, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 81(7), P. 1637 - 1643

Published: May 16, 2024

Prediabetes has garnered increasing attention due to its association with cardiovascular conditions, especially hypertension, which heightens the risk of prefrailty and frailty among older individuals.

Language: Английский

Citations

36
Acquisition of epithelial plasticity in human chronic liver disease DOI Creative Commons
Christopher Gribben,

Vasileios Galanakis,

Alexander Calderwood

et al.

Nature, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 630(8015), P. 166 - 173

Published: May 22, 2024

Abstract For many adult human organs, tissue regeneration during chronic disease remains a controversial subject. Regenerative processes are easily observed in animal models, and their underlying mechanisms becoming well characterized 1–4 , but technical challenges ethical aspects limiting the validation of these results humans. We decided to address this difficulty with respect liver. This organ displays remarkable ability regenerate after acute injury, although liver context recurring injury be fully demonstrated. Here we performed single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) on 47 biopsies from patients different stages metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic establish cellular map progression. then combined single-cell-level data advanced 3D imaging reveal profound changes architecture. Hepatocytes lose zonation considerable reorganization biliary tree takes place. More importantly, our study uncovers transdifferentiation events that occur between hepatocytes cholangiocytes without presence stem cells or developmental progenitor activation. Detailed analyses functional validations using cholangiocyte organoids confirm importance PI3K–AKT–mTOR pathway process, thereby connecting acquisition plasticity insulin signalling. Together, indicate creates an environment induces understanding process could open new therapeutic avenues management diseases.

Language: Английский

Citations

29
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance DOI Creative Commons
Preethi Chandrasekaran, Ralf Weiskirchen

Current Tissue Microenvironment Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(3), P. 79 - 90

Published: Feb. 21, 2024

Abstract Purpose of Review Although the molecular mechanism insulin resistance involves multiple factors and several intrinsic extrinsic mechanisms have been identified, this comprehensive review provides key information on some core complex interactions molecules involved in signaling pathways resistance. Recent Findings Diabetes Mellitus, most common metabolic disorder, is one greatest global medical challenges at present. There has a significant increase complications associated with diabetes such as heart disorders, stroke, neuropathy, dyslipidemia, dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, nephropathy. This calls for immediate strategic action to combat disorder. Insulin resistance, characteristic marker type 2 condition which regulation glucose metabolism body tissues, liver, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, becomes disrupted. It generally hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, hyperlipidemia, impaired homeostasis. Summary Understanding pathophysiological critical developing new therapeutic strategies treat polygenic multifactorial condition. Impairment caused by lipotoxicity, increased adiposity, enhanced inflammatory signaling, endoplasmic reticulum stress, adipokines, mitochondrial dysfunction, free fatty acids, dysfunctional signaling.

Language: Английский

Citations

27
Associations of the triglyceride-glucose index and atherogenic index of plasma with the severity of new-onset coronary artery disease in different glucose metabolic states DOI Creative Commons

Xiaosheng Wu,

Weiping Qiu,

Huancheng Yang

et al.

Cardiovascular Diabetology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: Feb. 20, 2024

Abstract Background The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is considered a dependable biomarker for gauging insulin resistance. atherogenic of plasma (AIP) represents marker reflecting atherosclerosis. However, there currently no study specifically exploring the associations these two biomarkers with severity new-onset coronary artery disease (CAD) under different glucose metabolic states. Therefore, this aims to evaluate correlations CAD in patients newly diagnosed various metabolism conditions. Method Totally 570 subjects first administered angiography were enrolled, including 431 and 139 non-CAD patients. was gauged by quantity narrowed arteries (single-vessel multi-vessel CAD). According WHO diabetes guidelines, states divided into normal regulation (NGR), pre-diabetes mellitus (Pre-DM), (DM). relationships TyG AIP validated logistic regression analysis, adjustment traditional cardiovascular risk elements medical treatments. Their predictive efficacy evaluated receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Result independently correlated accordance analysis (both P < 0.05). Regardless states, statistical correlation between severity. NGR significantly related (P areas curve predicting 0.682 0.642 0.001), respectively, their optimal cut-off values 3.210 (Youden index: 0.305) 0.095 index:0.246), respectively. Conclusion have significant CAD. had association severity, regardless exhibited discernible link patients, but not pre-DM or DM populations. similar

Language: Английский

Citations

26