Published: Jan. 1, 2024
Language: Английский
Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(2), P. 144 - 158
Published: Nov. 10, 2023
Abstract The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 2019 prompted scientific, medical, and biotech communities to investigate infection- vaccine-induced immune responses the context this pathogen. B-cell antibody are at center these investigations, as neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) an important correlate protection (COP) from infection primary target SARS-CoV-2 vaccine modalities. In addition absolute levels, nAb longevity, neutralization breadth, immunoglobulin isotype subtype composition, presence mucosal sites have become topics for scientists health policy makers. recent pandemic was still is a unique setting which study de novo memory (MBC) dynamic interplay immunity. It also provided opportunity explore new platforms, such mRNA or adenoviral vector vaccines, unprecedented cohort sizes. Combined with technological advances years, situation has detailed mechanistic insights into development but revealed some unexpected findings. review, we summarize key findings last 2.5 years regarding immunity, believe significant value not only future vaccination approaches endemic settings.
Language: Английский
Citations
37
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 10(1)
Published: Feb. 25, 2025
Abstract The emergence of XBB- and JN.1-lineages with remarkable immune evasion characteristics have led to rises in breakthrough infections within populations. In addition, the unfavorable impacts imprinting, stemming from continuous exposure antigens circulated viruses, been observed incline response against earlier lineages, thereby declining neutralization newly emerged Omicron subvariants. this, advancement next-generation vaccines COVID-19 targeting components new subvariants such as XBB-lineage is imperative. current study, a self-assembled trimeric recombinant protein (RBD XBB.1.5 -HR) was generated by concatenating sequences receptor binding domain (RBD) derived heptad-repeat 1 (HR1) HR2 spike S2 subunit. Adjuvanted-RBD -HR induced robust humoral cellular responses, characterized elevated JN.1-inculuded substantial population antigen-specific T memory cells. Protective immunity conferred RBD vaccine preserved post-immunization, evidenced germinal center B (GC B) follicular helper (Tfh) sustained potency, an increase cells (MBCs) long-lived plasma (LLPCs). showed favorable boosting effect when administered heterologously after three doses inactivated virus (IV) mRNA vaccines. Significantly, it provided protection live EG.5.1 viruses vivo. monovalent safety immunogenicity, neutralizing antibodies JN.1- individuals prior vaccinations. These findings highlight its clinical potential safeguarding circulating
Language: Английский
Citations
1
Molecular Biomedicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 6(1)
Published: March 4, 2025
Abstract Despite the declared end of COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 continues to evolve, with emerging JN.1-derived subvariants (e.g., KP.2, KP.3) compromising efficacy current XBB.1.5-based vaccines. To address this, we developed an mRNA vaccine encoding full-length spike protein JN.1, incorporating GSAS and 2P mutations encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). The JN.1-mRNA elicited robust humoral cellular immune responses mice, including high JN.1-specific IgG titers, cross-neutralizing antibodies, increased T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, germinal center (GC) B cell cytokines. Importantly, immunity persisted for up six months induced RBD-specific long-lived plasma cells. We also compared by homologous heterologous vaccination regimens, our results demonstrated that regimen—combining a recombinant (RBD JN.1 -HR)—induced stronger responses. These findings highlight constitutes effective prophylactic approach against JN.1-related variants, as it induces potent neutralizing antibody across all tested lineages. This enhanced immunogenicity is expected significantly reduce hospitalization rates mitigate post-COVID complications associated KP.3 infections. study emphasizes need timely updates adaptability vaccines addressing pathogens, providing framework combating future infectious diseases. Collectively, these offer critical insights design public health strategies response variants.
Language: Английский
Citations
1
Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15
Published: Feb. 23, 2024
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has a global pandemic. The Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) was first discovered in November 2021 specimens collected from Botswana, South Africa. become dominant worldwide, and several sublineages or subvariants have been identified recently. Compared to those of other mutants, most highly expressed amino acid mutations, with almost 60 mutations throughout genome, are spike (S) protein, especially receptor-binding domain (RBD). These increase binding affinity variants for ACE2 receptor, may also lead immune escape. Despite causing milder symptoms, epidemiological evidence suggests that exceptionally higher transmissibility, rates reinfection greater spread than prototype strain as well preceding variants. Additionally, overwhelming amounts data suggest levels specific neutralization antibodies against decrease vaccinated populations, although CD4 + CD8 T-cell responses maintained. Therefore, mechanisms underlying evasion still unclear. In this review, we surveyed current epidemic status potential escape Especially, focused on roles viral epitope antigenic drift, hybrid immunity, “original sin” mediating evasion. insights might supply more valuable concise information us understand spreading
Language: Английский
Citations
8
Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)
Published: Aug. 15, 2024
The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant sparked the largest wave of infections worldwide. Mainland China eased its strict COVID-19 measures in late 2022 and experienced two nationwide waves 2023. Here, we investigated lineage distribution virus evolution Guangdong, China, 2022-2023 by comparing 5813 local viral genomes with datasets from other regions Additionally, conducted three large-scale serological surveys involving 1696 participants to measure their immune response BA.5 XBB.1.9 before after corresponding waves. Our findings revealed variants, mainly BA.5.2.48 lineage, causing over 90% individuals across different age groups within a month. This rapid spread led establishment widespread immunity, limiting virus's ability further adaptive mutation dissemination. While similar responses were observed all initial wave, children aged 3 11 developed stronger cross strain, possibly explaining lower infection rates following XBB.1 wave. Reinfection triggered more potent neutralizing among older adults. These highlight impact age-specific on potential future Release zero-COVID policy large Omicron-driven authors analyze serology data describe changes antibody responses.
Language: Английский
Citations
5
Vaccines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(2), P. 144 - 144
Published: Jan. 30, 2024
The recently emerged SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sublineages, including the BA.2-derived XBB.1.5 (Kraken), XBB.1.16 (Arcturus), and EG.5.1 (Eris), have accumulated several spike mutations that may increase immune escape, affecting vaccine effectiveness. Older adults are an understudied group at significantly increased risk of severe COVID-19. Here we report neutralizing activities 177 sera samples from 59 older adults, aged 62–97 years, 1 4 months after vaccination with a 4th dose ChAdOx1-S (Oxford/AstraZeneca) 3 5th Comirnaty Bivalent Original/Omicron BA.4/BA.5 (Pfizer-BioNTech). vaccination-induced antibodies neutralized efficiently ancestral D614G BA.4/5 variants, but to much lesser extent XBB.1.5, XBB.1.16, variants. results showed similar neutralization titers between were lower compared XBB.1.5. Sera same individuals boosted bivalent mRNA contained higher antibody titers, providing better cross-protection against Previous history infection during epidemiological waves BA.1/BA.2 BA.4/BA.5, poorly enhanced activity serum XBBs Our data highlight continued evasion recent subvariants support booster administration vaccine, as continuous strategy updating future doses match newly
Language: Английский
Citations
4
Antiviral Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 106092 - 106092
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
Language: Английский
Citations
0
Archives of Virology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 170(4)
Published: March 18, 2025
Language: Английский
Citations
0
Journal of Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 96(5)
Published: May 1, 2024
Abstract After the termination of zero‐COVID‐19 policy, populace in China has experienced both Omicron BA.5 and XBB waves. Considering poor antibody responses severe outcomes observed among elderly following infection, we conducted a longitudinal investigation to examine epidemiological characteristics kinetics 107 boosted participants We that 96 (89.7%) were infected with BA.5, while 59 (55.1%) XBB. Notably, 52 (48.6%) dual infections The proportion symptomatic cases appeared decrease wave (18.6%) compared after (59.3%). breakthrough infection induced lower neutralizing titers against XBB.1.5, BA.2.86, JN.1, reinfection broadened all measured subvariants may alleviate wild type‐vaccination immune imprinting. Boosted vaccination type comorbidities significant factors associated responses. Updated vaccines based on emerging acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants are needed control Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic elderly.
Language: Английский
Citations
3
Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)
Published: May 6, 2025
Abstract Antibodies play a crucial role in protection against SARS-CoV-2. Understanding the correlation between binding and functional antibodies is essential to determine whether antibody levels can reliably predict neutralizing activity. We assessed responses 111 individuals vaccinated with inactivated vaccine CoronaVac COVID-19 patients Thailand. Plasma of ACE2-blocking targeting receptor-binding domain (RBD) SARS-Co-V2 variants were measured before vaccination at 14 28 days after second dose using multiplex surrogate virus neutralization test. Anti-spike anti-nucleocapsid quantified by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay, anti-RBD IgG ELISA. After vaccination, blocking, anti-spike, increased but declined rapidly within month, whereas persisted. Blocking anti-spike correlated day post-vaccination not 28. In patients, correlations moderate 14, stronger Correlations weaker for Omicron subvariants than ancestral strain non-Omicron variants. The weak blocking suggests might These findings highlight temporal nature CoronaVac-induced immunity need booster doses variant-adapted vaccine.
Language: Английский
Citations
0