Key Role of Vegetation Cover in Alleviating Microplastic-Enhanced Carbon Emissions

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 6, 2024

Microplastics (MPs) are considered to influence fundamental biogeochemical processes, but the effects of plant residue-MP interactions on soil carbon turnover in urban greenspaces virtually unknown. Here, an 84-day incubation experiment was constructed using four types single-vegetation-covered soils (6 years), showing that polystyrene MP (PSMP) pollution caused unexpectedly large increase CO2 emissions. The additional originating from highly bioavailable active dissolved organic matter molecules (<380 °C, predominantly polysaccharides) converted persistent (380–650 aromatic compounds) rather than PSMP derivatives. However, priming effect derivatives weakened plant-driven (resistivity: shrub > tree grass). This can be explained two perspectives: (1) Plant residue-driven humification processes reduced percentage derived PSMPs. (2) residues accelerated bacterial community succession (dominated by residue types) slowed fungal demise (retained turnover-related functional taxa), enabling specific enrichment glycolysis, citric acid cycle and pentose phosphate pathway. These results provide a necessary theoretical basis understand role reducing harm at ecological level refresh knowledge about importance biodiversity for ecosystem stability.

Language: Английский

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Heterotrophy in marine animal forests in an era of climate change

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 99(3), P. 965 - 978

Published: Jan. 29, 2024

Marine animal forests (MAFs) are benthic ecosystems characterised by biogenic three-dimensional structures formed suspension feeders such as corals, gorgonians, sponges and bivalves. They comprise highly diversified communities among the most productive in world's oceans. However, MAFs decline due to global local stressors that threaten survival growth of their foundational species associated biodiversity. Innovative scalable interventions needed address degradation increase resilience under change. Surprisingly, few studies have considered trophic interactions heterotrophic feeding MAF an integral component conservation. Yet, important for nutrient cycling, energy flow within food web, biodiversity, carbon sequestration, stability. This comprehensive review describes at all levels ecological organisation tropical, temperate, cold-water MAFs. It examines strengths weaknesses available tools estimating capacities then discusses threats climate change poses processes. Finally, it presents strategies improving heterotrophy, which can help maintain health

Language: Английский

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Marine heatwave‐driven mass mortality and microbial community reorganisation in an ecologically important temperate sponge

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 30(8)

Published: Aug. 1, 2024

Marine heatwaves (MHWs) are increasing in frequency, duration and intensity, disrupting global marine ecosystems. While most reported impacts have been tropical areas, New Zealand experienced its strongest longest MHW 2022, profoundly affecting sponges. Sponges vital to rocky benthic communities, with their abundance influencing ecosystem functioning. This study examines the impact of this on photosynthetic sponge Cymbastella lamellata Fiordland, Zealand. We describe extent, physiological responses, mortality, microbial community changes ecological C. lamellata. The Fiordland reached a maximum temperature 4.4°C above average, lasting for 259 days. Bleaching occurred >90% population. population size exceeded 66 million from 5 25 m, making largest bleaching event kind ever recorded. identified symbiont as diatom, bleached sponges had reduced efficiency. Post-MHW surveys 2023 found that over 50% at sampling sites died but remaining mostly recovered earlier bleaching. Using simulated experiment, we stress was driver necrosis rather than bleaching, despite only rarely being observed field (<2% sponges). suggests may not be cause mortality directly. also shift surviving sponges, which propose represents microbial-mediated adaptive response MHWs. key contributors dissolved organic carbon water column, loss likely impacting function. demonstrate potential MHWs disrupt phyla temperate regions, highlighting how susceptible globally might

Language: Английский

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Microbiome diversity and metabolic capacity determines the trophic ecology of the holobiont in Caribbean sponges

ISME Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 2(1)

Published: Nov. 10, 2022

Abstract Sponges are increasingly recognized as an ecologically important taxon on coral reefs, representing significant biomass and biodiversity where sponges have replaced scleractinian corals. Most sponge species can be divided into two symbiotic states based symbiont community structure abundance (i.e., the microbiome), characterized high microbial (HMA) or low (LMA) sponges. Across Caribbean, of HMA LMA differ in metabolic capacity, well their trophic ecology. A metagenetic analysis 16 S rRNA metagenomes showed that microbiomes more functionally diverse than microbiomes, offer greater functional capacity redundancy, encode for biosynthesis secondary metabolites. Stable isotope analyses primarily consume dissolved organic matter (DOM) derived from external autotrophic sources, live particulate (POM) form bacterioplankton, respectively, resulting a degree resource competition between these states. As many reefs undergone phase shifts coral- to macroalgal-dominated role DOM, potential future declines POM due decreased picoplankton productivity, may result increased chemically defended tropical reefs.

Language: Английский

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Species-specific relationships between deep sea sponges and their symbiotic Nitrosopumilaceae

The ISME Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17(9), P. 1517 - 1519

Published: May 31, 2023

Sponges thrive in the deep, dark and nutrient-depleted ocean may rely on microbial symbionts for carbon acquisition energy generation. However, these symbiotic relationships remain largely unexplored. In this study, we analyze microbiome of deep-sea sponges show that ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) family Nitrosopumilaceae make up at least 75% communities Aphrocallistes sp., Farrea sp. Paratimea sp.. Given known autotrophic metabolism AOAs, implies sponge holobionts can have capacity primary production deep-sea. We also specific AOA lineages are highly towards their hosts, hinting an unprecedent vertical transmission sponges. Our results ecology evolution is distinct from shallow-water counterparts.

Language: Английский

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Microbiome and pollutants in the freshwater sponges Ephydatia muelleri (Lieberkühn, 1856) and Spongilla lacustris (Linnaeus, 1758) from the sub-Arctic Pasvik River (Northern Fennoscandia)

Environmental Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 121126 - 121126

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Phototrophic bacteria as potential probiotics for corals

npj Biodiversity, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 4(1)

Published: April 29, 2025

Coral-associated microorganisms provide crucial nutritional, protective, and developmental benefits, yet many functional traits remain unexplored. Phototrophic bacteria may enhance coral nutrition reduce oxidative stress during bleaching via photosynthesis antioxidant production. Despite this potential, their role in the holobiont's energy budget heat resilience is understudied. This review explores potential of phototrophic to health under environmental stress.

Language: Английский

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Algal symbionts of the freshwater sponge Ephydatia muelleri

Symbiosis, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 90(3), P. 259 - 273

Published: July 1, 2023

Abstract The freshwater sponge, Ephydatia muelleri , is an emerging model system for studying animal:microbe symbioses. Intracellular green microalgae are one of the more common symbionts that live in a facultative mutualism with E. . While these symbioses have long been known, identity algal cells has not studied detail. Here, we isolate and characterize endosymbiotic algae from collected different geographic locations. We find can be transmitted through asexually produced gemmules importantly they form different, differentiated sponge cell types adult sponge. Our findings indicate at least two lineages endosymbioses One includes species commonly found samples locations Canada United States (clade 1: closely related to Auxenochlorella pyrenoidosa ). other clade sponges site Maine, USA, Lewiniosphaera symbiontica which strain isolated 1956 Spongilla compared microbiomes cultures as well original hosts, very similar bacterial associate both clades (91 orders Bacteria shared among compared). resemble, high degree overlap, microbiome associated host.

Language: Английский

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Sponge functional roles in a changing world

Advances in marine biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 27 - 89

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Language: Английский

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Body-Plan Reorganization in a Sponge Correlates with Microbiome Change

Molecular Biology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 40(6)

Published: June 1, 2023

Mounting evidence suggests that animals and their associated bacteria interact via intricate molecular mechanisms, it is hypothesized disturbances to the microbiome influence animal development. Here, we show loss of a key photosymbiont (i.e., bleaching) upon shading correlates with stark body-plan reorganization in common aquarium cyanosponge Lendenfeldia chondrodes. The morphological changes observed shaded sponges include development thread-like morphology contrasts flattened, foliose control specimens. microanatomy markedly differed from sponges, specimens lacking well-developed cortex choanosome. Also, palisade polyvacuolar gland-like cells typical was absent sponges. are coupled broad transcriptomic modulation signaling pathways involved morphogenesis immune response, such as Wnt, transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), TLR-ILR pathways. This study provides genetic, physiological, assessment effect on sponge postembryonic homeostasis. correlated response host collapse population symbiotic cyanobacteria for coupling between state its microbiome. ability microbiomes respond perturbations has deep evolutionary origins this group.

Language: Английский

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