Endosymbionts as hidden players in tripartite pathosystem of interactions and potential candidates for sustainable viral disease management

Critical Reviews in Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 23

Published: Jan. 23, 2025

The convoluted relationships between plants, viruses, and arthropod vectors housing bacterial endosymbionts are pivotal in the spread of harmful plant viral diseases. Endosymbionts play key roles in: manipulating host responses, influencing insect resistance to pesticides, shaping evolution, bolstering virus acquisition, retention, transmission. This interplay presents an innovative approach for developing sustainable strategies manage Recent progress targeting specific through genetic modifications, biotechnological advancements, RNA interference shows potential curbing disease progression. Additionally, employing synthetic biology techniques like CRISPR/Cas9 engineer disrupt crucial interactions necessary transmission holds promise effective control measures. In this review, these obligate facultative cruxes have been discussed elaborate on their mechanistic involvement regulation and/or inhibition tripartite pathways interactions. Furthermore, we provide in-depth understanding endosymbionts' synergistic antagonistic effects on: biology, immunity, acquisition Finally, point out open questions future research directions concerning deployment genetically engineered symbionts affect plant-virus-vector management. By addressing existing knowledge gaps charting paths, a deeper comprehension role can pave way successful management strategies. exploration antiviral therapies, paratransgenesis, pathogen-blocking tactics using introduces pioneering solutions lessening impact diseases green pest

Language: Английский

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The plant-sucking insect selects assembly of the gut microbiota from environment to enhance host reproduction

npj Biofilms and Microbiomes, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: July 30, 2024

Abstract Plant-sucking insects have intricate associations with a diverse array of microorganisms to facilitate their adaptation specific ecological niches. The midgut phytophagous true bugs is generally structured into four distinct compartments accommodate microbiota. Nevertheless, there limited understanding regarding the origins these gut microbiomes, mechanisms behind microbial community assembly, and interactions between microbiomes insect hosts. In this study, we conducted comprehensive survey communities within bean bug Riptortus pedestris , soybean plant, bulk soil across 12 geographical fields in China, utilizing high-throughput sequencing 16 S rRNA gene. Our findings illuminated that microbiota plant-sucking predominantly originated from surrounding environment, plants also play subordinate role mediating acquisition for insects. Furthermore, our investigation suggested composition microbiome was probably shaped by host selection and/or microbe-microbe at compartment level, marginal influence factors. Additionally, had unveiled noteworthy dynamic core bacterial taxa, particularly Burkholderia which were initially sourced environment subsequently enriched compartments. This enrichment played significant enhancing reproduction. These contribute evolving insect-plant-soil ecosystem, shedding additional light on underpin significance partnerships adaptation.

Language: Английский

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Microbiome toxicology — bacterial activation and detoxification of insecticidal compounds

Current Opinion in Insect Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 63, P. 101192 - 101192

Published: March 13, 2024

Insect gut bacteria have been implicated in a myriad of physiological processes from nutrient supplementation to pathogen protection. In fact, symbiont-mediated insecticide degradation has helped explain sudden control failure the field range active ingredients. The mechanisms behind loss susceptibility are varied based on host, symbiont, and identity. However, while some symbionts directly breakdown pesticides, others modulate endogenous host detoxification pathways or involve reciprocal insecticidal bactericidal compounds both inspiring new questions requiring reexamination past conclusions. Good steward chemical pesticide arsenal requires consideration these ecological interactions development deployment.

Language: Английский

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A Novel Lineage of Endosymbiotic Actinomycetales: Genome Reduction and Acquisition of New Functions in Bifidobacteriaceae Associated With Termite Gut Flagellates

Environmental Microbiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 27(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Cellulolytic flagellates are essential for the symbiotic digestion of lignocellulose in gut lower termites. Most species associated with host‐specific consortia bacterial symbionts from various phyla. 16S rRNA‐based diversity studies and taxon‐specific fluorescence situ hybridization revealed a termite‐specific clade Actinomycetales that colonise cytoplasm Trichonympha spp. other flagellates, representing only known case intracellular Actinomycetota protists. Comparative analysis eleven metagenome‐assembled genomes termites allowed us to describe them as new genera Bifidobacteriaceae . Like previously investigated Candidatus Ancillula trichonymphae, they ferment sugars via bifidobacterium shunt but, unlike their free‐living relatives, experienced significant genome erosion. Additionally, acquired functions by horizontal gene transfer bacteria, including capacity produce hydrogen. Members genus (average size 1.56 ± 0.2 Mbp) retained most pathways synthesis amino acids, threonine/serine exporter, providing concrete evidence basis mutualistic relationship host. By contrast, Opitulatrix (1.23 0.1 lost biosynthetic capacities, indicating an originally symbiosis is on decline.

Language: Английский

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Enhanced bioaccumulation and toxicity of Fenpropathrin by polystyrene nano(micro)plastics in the model insect, silkworm (Bombyx mori)

Journal of Nanobiotechnology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: Jan. 23, 2025

Nano(micro)plastics (NMPs) and agrochemicals are ubiquitous pollutants. The small size physicochemical properties of NMPs make them potential carriers for pollutants, affecting their bioavailability impact on living organisms. However, little is known about interactions in terrestrial ecosystems. This study investigates the adsorption Fenpropathrin (FPP) onto two different sizes polystyrene examines impacts an insect model, silkworm Bombyx mori. We analyzed systemic effects acute exposure to FPP, individually combined, at organismal, tissue, cellular, gut microbiome levels. Our results showed that can adsorb with smaller particles having higher capacity, leading size-dependent increases bioaccumulation toxicity FPP. These led mortality, reduced body weight, delayed development, decreased cocoon production silkworms. Additionally, pollutants caused physical oxidative damage midgut altered gene expression related juvenile hormone (JH) silk protein synthesis. analysis revealed significant changes abundance potentially beneficial bacteria. Thus, aggravated induced by was size-dependent, (NPs) a greater impact. demonstrates role as contaminants, increasing findings have implications ecosystem health biodiversity.

Language: Английский

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Differential gene expression in the insect vector Anasa tristis in response to symbiont colonization but not infection with a vectored phytopathogen

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: May 22, 2024

Many insects selectively associate with specific microbes in long-term, symbiotic relationships. Maintaining these associations can be vital for the insect hosts’ development, but must also contend potential coinfections from other environment. Fending off microbial threats while maintaining mutualistic has resulted many developing specialized organs to house beneficial microbes. Though locally concentrated organs, symbiont establishment have global consequences insect, including influence over success of coinfecting colonizing host. We use a transcriptomic approach examine how symbiosis between agricultural pest Anasa tristis and bacteria genus Caballeronia affects gene expression within host at large. simultaneously determine whether colonization impacts responses infection plant pathogen Serratia marcescens , which it vectors plants. found that no significant differential was elicited by S. marcescens. This surprising finding given previous work indicating A. clear rapidly compared aposymbiotic individuals. Our results indicate nonsymbiotic tissues differ greatly their expression, particularly following successful colonization. evidence local downregulation immunity upregulation cell communication functions facilitate - symbiosis.

Language: Английский

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Repeated horizontal acquisition of lagriamide-producing symbionts in Lagriinae beetles

The ISME Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 18(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract Microbial symbionts associate with multicellular organisms on a continuum from facultative associations to mutual codependency. In the oldest intracellular symbioses there is exclusive vertical symbiont transmission, and co-diversification of symbiotic partners over millions years. Such often undergo genome reduction due low effective population sizes, frequent bottlenecks, reduced purifying selection. Here, we describe multiple independent acquisition events closely related defensive followed by erosion in group Lagriinae beetles. Previous work Lagria villosa revealed dominant genome-eroded genus Burkholderia produces antifungal compound lagriamide, protecting beetle’s eggs larvae antagonistic fungi. use metagenomics assemble 11 additional genomes lagriamide-producing 7 different host species within 5 countries, unravel evolutionary history this relationship. each host, detected one encoding lagriamide biosynthetic gene cluster. However, did not find evidence for host–symbiont or monophyly symbionts. Instead, our analyses support single ancestral cluster at least four acquisitions subsequent lineage. By contrast, clade plant-associated relatives retained large but secondarily lost Our results, therefore, reveal dynamic characterized high degree specificity highlight importance specialized metabolite establishment maintenance symbiosis.

Language: Английский

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Repeated horizontal acquisition of lagriamide-producing symbionts in Lagriinae beetles

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 25, 2024

Abstract Microbial symbionts associate with multicellular organisms on a continuum from facultative associations to mutual codependency. In some of the oldest intracellular symbioses there is exclusive vertical symbiont transmission, and co-diversification symbiotic partners over millions years. Such often undergo genome reduction due low effective population sizes, frequent bottlenecks, reduced purifying selection. Here, we describe multiple independent acquisition events closely related defensive followed by erosion in group Lagriinae beetles. Previous work Lagria villosa revealed dominant genome-eroded genus Burkholderia produces antifungal compound lagriamide protects beetle’s eggs larvae antagonistic fungi. use metagenomics assemble 11 additional genomes lagriamide-producing seven different host species within five countries, unravel evolutionary history this relationship. each species, detected one encoding biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC). Surprisingly, however, did not find evidence for host-symbiont co-diversification, or monophyly symbionts. Instead, our analyses support at least four lagriamide-encoding subsequent these lineages. By contrast, clade plant-associated relatives retained large but secondarily lost BGC. conclusion, results reveal dynamic acquisitions characterized high degree specificity. They highlight importance specialized metabolite establishment maintenance symbiosis.

Language: Английский

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Investigation of Naringin's Antifungal Potential, Optimization and Characterization of Niosomal Gel Formulation

Proceedings of the World Congress on Recent Advances in Nanotechnology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 1, 2024

This research aims to assess the antifungal efficacy of Naringin and establish its minimum inhibitory concentration for development characterization a niosomal gel formulation.A molecular docking study was conducted elucidate binding interactions between Methionine synthase.In-vitro screening activity against T. mentagrophytes performed.To enhance drug stability, formulations were prepared using varying ratios span 60 (a non-ionic surfactant) cholesterol stable vesicle-forming agent) via thin film hydration method.The niosomes evaluated entrapment efficiency, particle size, polydispersity index.A formulated Carbopol 934, glycerol, distilled water, physical appearance, pH, viscosity, spreadability, in-vitro release, through an agar well diffusion method, skin irritation optimized formulation.Naringin exhibited potent with MIC 50 μg/ml mentagrophytes.The formulation (Batch F3) demonstrated highest efficiency at 75.88% 62.12% release rate.The no (score 0) zone inhibition 4.6 cm in test.The findings suggest that possesses significant mentagrophytes, newly developed offers enhanced without causing toxicity.

Language: Английский

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