Tumor biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and targeted therapy

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: May 20, 2024

Abstract Tumor biomarkers, the substances which are produced by tumors or body’s responses to during tumorigenesis and progression, have been demonstrated possess critical encouraging value in screening early diagnosis, prognosis prediction, recurrence detection, therapeutic efficacy monitoring of cancers. Over past decades, continuous progress has made exploring discovering novel, sensitive, specific, accurate tumor significantly promoted personalized medicine improved outcomes cancer patients, especially advances molecular biology technologies developed for detection biomarkers. Herein, we summarize discovery development including history conventional innovative used biomarker classification biomarkers based on tissue origins, application clinical management. In particular, highlight recent advancements biomarker-based anticancer-targeted therapies emerging as breakthroughs promising strategies. We also discuss limitations challenges that need be addressed provide insights perspectives turn into opportunities this field. Collectively, multiple emphasized review may guidance precision medicine, broaden horizons future research directions, expedite patients according their rather than organs origin.

Language: Английский

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Drug repurposing for cancer therapy

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: April 18, 2024

Abstract Cancer, a complex and multifactorial disease, presents significant challenge to global health. Despite advances in surgical, radiotherapeutic immunological approaches, which have improved cancer treatment outcomes, drug therapy continues serve as key therapeutic strategy. However, the clinical efficacy of is often constrained by resistance severe toxic side effects, thus there remains critical need develop novel therapeutics. One promising strategy that has received widespread attention recent years repurposing: identification new applications for existing, clinically approved drugs. Drug repurposing possesses several inherent advantages context since repurposed drugs are typically cost-effective, proven be safe, can significantly expedite development process due their already established safety profiles. In light this, present review offers comprehensive overview various methods employed repurposing, specifically focusing on treat cancer. We describe antitumor properties candidate drugs, discuss detail how they target both hallmarks tumor cells surrounding microenvironment. addition, we examine innovative integrating with nanotechnology enhance topical delivery. also emphasize role play when used part combination regimen. To conclude, outline challenges associated consider future prospects these transitioning into application.

Language: Английский

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Mitochondria: It is all about energy

Frontiers in Physiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: April 25, 2023

Mitochondria play a key role in both health and disease. Their function is not limited to energy production but serves multiple mechanisms varying from iron calcium homeostasis the of hormones neurotransmitters, such as melatonin. They enable influence communication at all physical levels through interaction with other organelles, nucleus, outside environment. The literature suggests crosstalk between mitochondria circadian clocks, gut microbiota, immune system. might even be hub supporting integrating activity across these domains. Hence, they (missing) link Mitochondrial dysfunction related metabolic syndrome, neuronal diseases, cancer, cardiovascular infectious inflammatory disorders. In this regard, diseases Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), pain are discussed. This review focuses on understanding mitochondrial action that allow for maintenance pathways toward dysregulated mechanisms. Although have allowed us adapt changes over course evolution, turn, evolution has shaped mitochondria. Each evolution-based intervention influences its own way. use physiological stress triggers tolerance stressor, achieving adaptability resistance. describes strategies could recover functioning providing comprehensive, root-cause-focused, integrative approach recovering treating people suffering diseases.

Language: Английский

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Targeting Glucose Metabolism Enzymes in Cancer Treatment: Current and Emerging Strategies

Cancers, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(19), P. 4568 - 4568

Published: Sept. 21, 2022

Reprogramming of glucose metabolism provides sufficient energy and raw materials for the proliferation, metastasis, immune escape cancer cells, which is enabled by metabolism-related enzymes that are abundantly expressed in a broad range cancers. Therefore, targeting has emerged as promising strategy anticancer drug development. Although several modulators have been approved treatment recent years, some limitations exist, such short half-life, poor solubility, numerous adverse effects. With rapid development medicinal chemicals, more advanced effective enzyme-targeted drugs developed. Additionally, studies found natural products can suppress progression regulating enzymes. In this review, we summarize mechanisms underlying reprogramming present could serve therapeutic targets. addition, systematically review existing enzymes, including small-molecule products. Finally, opportunities challenges also discussed. conclusion, combining with conventional may be strategy.

Language: Английский

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Mitochondrial TSPO Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression through Ferroptosis Inhibition and Immune Evasion

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(15)

Published: March 30, 2023

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies with poor prognosis, and novel treatment strategies are urgently needed. Mitochondria key regulators cellular homeostasis potential targets for tumor therapy. Here, role mitochondrial translocator protein (TSPO) in regulation ferroptosis antitumor immunity investigated therapeutic implications HCC assessed. TSPO highly expressed associated prognosis. Gain- loss-of-function experiments present that promotes cell growth, migration, invasion vitro vivo. In addition, inhibits cells via enhancing Nrf2-dependent antioxidant defense system. Mechanistically, directly interacts P62 interferes autophagy, leading to accumulation P62. The competes KEAP1, preventing it from targeting Nrf2 proteasomal degradation. Furthermore, immune escape by upregulating PD-L1 expression through Nrf2-mediated transcription. Notably, inhibitor PK11195 combines anti-PD-1 antibody showing a synergistic anti-tumor effect mouse model. Overall, results demonstrated progression inhibiting immunity. Targeting can be promising new strategy treatment.

Language: Английский

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Multifunctional nanomedicines-enabled chemodynamic-synergized multimodal tumor therapy via Fenton and Fenton-like reactions

Theranostics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(6), P. 1974 - 2014

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) is well-known for using the tumor microenvironment to activate Fenton reaction or Fenton-like generate strong oxidative hydroxyl radicals tumor-specific treatment. It highly selective and safe, without depth limitation of tissue penetration, shows its potential as a new green therapeutic method with great clinical application. However, catalytic efficiency reagents involved in severely affected by inherent microenvironmental limitations tumors strict reaction-dependent conditions. With increasing application nanotechnology medical field, combined therapies based on different types functional nanomaterials have opened up avenues development next-generation CDT-enhanced system. This review will comprehensively exemplify representative results CDT other antitumor such chemotherapy, phototherapy, sonodynamic therapy, radiation magnetic hyperthermia immunotherapy, starvation gas gene oncosis combination thereof improving from hundreds latest literature, introduce strategies ingenious design nanomedicines regulations enhance further summarize challenges future perspective CDT-based multimodal anticancer therapy.

Language: Английский

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Role of mitochondrial alterations in human cancer progression and cancer immunity

Journal of Biomedical Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 30(1)

Published: July 31, 2023

Abstract Dysregulating cellular metabolism is one of the emerging cancer hallmarks. Mitochondria are essential organelles responsible for numerous physiologic processes, such as energy production, metabolism, apoptosis, and calcium redox homeostasis. Although “Warburg effect,” in which cells prefer aerobic glycolysis even under normal oxygen circumstances, was proposed a century ago, how mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to progression still unclear. This review discusses recent progress alterations DNA (mtDNA) dynamics malignant progression. Moreover, we integrate possible regulatory mechanism dysfunction–mediated retrograde signaling pathways, including mitochondrion-derived molecules (reactive species, calcium, oncometabolites, mtDNA) stress response pathways (mitochondrial unfolded protein integrated response) provide therapeutic targets. Furthermore, discuss findings on role mitochondria immune function reveal impact tumor microenvironment remodeling immunity. Targeting might improve immunotherapy. These suggest that targeting malignancy modulating immunity be promising treatment strategies patients precise personalized medicine against cancer.

Language: Английский

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Mild‐Photothermal Effect Induced High Efficiency Ferroptosis‐Boosted‐Cuproptosis Based on Cu₂O@Mn₃Cu₃O₈ Nanozyme

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(33)

Published: Oct. 11, 2023

Abstract A core‐shell‐structured Cu 2 O@Mn 3 O 8 (CMCO) nanozyme is constructed to serve as a tumor microenvironment (TME)‐activated copper ionophore achieve safe and efficient cuproptosis. The Mn shell not only prevents exposure of normal tissues the core reduce systemic toxicity but also exhibits enhanced enzyme‐mimicking activity owing better band continuity near Fermi surface. glutathione oxidase (GSHOx)‐like CMCO depletes (GSH), which diminishes ability chelate ions, thereby exerting inducing cuproptosis in cancer cells. catalase (CAT)‐like catalyzes overexpressed H TME, generating tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enhance More importantly, Fenton‐like reaction based on release ions inactivation peroxidase 4 induced by elimination GSH results ferroptosis, accompanied accumulation lipid peroxidation reactive oxygen species that can cleave stress‐induced heat shock proteins compromise their protective capacity cells further sensitize nanozymes are partially sulfurized hydrogen sulfide colorectal exhibiting excellent photothermal properties activity. mild effect enhances nanozymes, thus high‐efficiency ferroptosis‐boosted‐cuproptosis.

Language: Английский

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Versatile function of NF-ĸB in inflammation and cancer

Experimental Hematology and Oncology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: July 16, 2024

Abstract Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-ĸB) plays a crucial role in both innate and adaptive immune systems, significantly influencing various physiological processes such as cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, survival, stemness. The function of NF-ĸB cancer progression response to chemotherapy has gained increasing attention. This review highlights the inflammation control, biological mechanisms, therapeutic implications treatment. is instrumental altering release inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, which are key regulation carcinogenesis. Specifically, conditions including colitis, upregulation can intensify inflammation, potentially leading development colorectal cancer. Its pivotal extends regulating tumor microenvironment, impacting components macrophages, fibroblasts, T cells, natural killer cells. influences tumorigenesis dampen anti-tumor responses. Additionally, modulates death notably by inhibiting apoptosis ferroptosis. It also dual stimulating or suppressing autophagy cancers. Beyond these functions, controlling stem fostering angiogenesis, metastatic potential through EMT induction, reducing sensitivity radiotherapy. Given its oncogenic capabilities, research focused on products small molecule compounds that suppress NF-ĸB, offering promising avenues for therapy.

Language: Английский

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Mitochondrial dysfunction route as a possible biomarker and therapy target for human cancer

Biomedical Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 100714 - 100714

Published: March 1, 2024

Mitochondria are vital organelles found within living cells and have signalling, biosynthetic, bioenergetic functions. play a crucial role in metabolic reprogramming, which is characteristic of cancer allows them to assure steady supply proteins, nucleotides, lipids enable rapid proliferation development. Their dysregulated activities been associated with the growth metastasis different kinds human cancer, particularly ovarian carcinoma. In this review, we briefly demonstrated modified mitochondrial function including mutations mtDNA, reactive oxygen species production, dynamics, apoptosis cells, autophagy, calcium excess maintain genesis, progression, metastasis. Furthermore, dysfunction pathway for some genomic, proteomic, metabolomics modifications has studied. Additionally, linked targeted therapies biomarkers through various alteration processes underlying dysfunction, notably targeting species, metabolites, rewind pathways, chemo-resistant carcinoma cells.

Language: Английский

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