SLEEP,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Dec. 18, 2024
Abstract
Study
Objectives
Visual
stimulation
(VS)
at
40
Hz
is
being
tested
as
a
non-invasive
approach
against
dementias
such
Alzheimer’s
disease.
Applying
it
during
sleep
could
increase
the
convenience,
duration,
and
efficacy
of
stimulation.
Here,
we
feasibility
VS
in
proof-of-concept
study.
Methods
Thirty
healthy
participants
underwent
one
control
experimental
night
polysomnography
laboratory.
was
delivered
wakefulness
(W),
NREM
stages
2
3,
REM
sleep.
Results
As
expected,
EEG
spectral
power
increased
all
four
condition,
compared
to
control.
It
highest
W
similar
across
2,
REM,
with
large
medium
effect
sizes,
respectively.
Steady-state
visually
evoked
potential
(SSVEP)
analyses
time
domain
confirmed
specificity
effect.
Secondary
revealed
that
intervention
did
not
impair
objective
subjective
quality
beyond
first-night
Conclusions
effectively
neuronal
gamma
activity
frequency
without
degrading
quality,
supporting
this
approach.
These
findings
lay
groundwork
for
optimizing
gamma-band
sensory
tool
causally
study
cognitive
functions
scalable,
dementias.
Cell Discovery,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
10(1)
Published: Aug. 6, 2024
Abstract
The
glymphatic-lymphatic
system
is
increasingly
recognized
as
fundamental
for
the
homeostasis
of
brain
milieu
since
it
defines
cerebral
spinal
fluid
flow
in
parenchyma
and
eliminates
metabolic
waste.
Animal
human
studies
have
uncovered
several
important
physiological
factors
regulating
glymphatic
including
sleep,
aquaporin-4,
hemodynamic
factors.
Yet,
our
understanding
modulation
limited,
which
has
hindered
development
glymphatic-based
treatment
aging
neurodegenerative
disorders.
Here,
we
present
evidence
from
fluorescence
tracing,
two-photon
recording,
dynamic
contrast-enhanced
magnetic
resonance
imaging
analyses
that
40
Hz
light
flickering
enhanced
influx
efflux
independently
anesthesia
an
effect
attributed
to
increased
astrocytic
aquaporin-4
polarization
vasomotion.
Adenosine-A
2A
receptor
(A
R)
signaling
emerged
neurochemical
underpinning
flickering-induced
enhancement
flow,
based
on
cerebrofluid
adenosine
levels,
abolishment
by
pharmacological
or
genetic
inactivation
equilibrative
nucleotide
transporters-2
A
R,
physical
functional
R–aquaporin-4
interaction
astrocytes.
These
findings
establish
a
novel
non-invasive
strategy
with
translational
potential
relieve
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15(1)
Published: April 30, 2024
Optochemistry,
an
emerging
pharmacologic
approach
in
which
light
is
used
to
selectively
activate
or
deactivate
molecules,
has
the
potential
alleviate
symptoms,
cure
diseases,
and
improve
quality
of
life
while
preventing
uncontrolled
drug
effects.
The
development
in-vivo
applications
for
optochemistry
render
brain
cells
photoresponsive
without
relying
on
genetic
engineering
been
progressing
slowly.
nucleus
accumbens
(NAc)
a
region
regulation
slow-wave
sleep
(SWS)
through
integration
motivational
stimuli.
Adenosine
emerges
as
promising
candidate
molecule
activating
indirect
pathway
neurons
NAc
expressing
adenosine
A
Current Nutrition Reports,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
14(1)
Published: Feb. 1, 2025
Abstract
Purpose
of
Review
Caffeine
has
high
bioavailability
and
a
purine-like
alkaloid
structure.
It
exerts
wide-ranging
physiological
effects
by
binding
to
adenosine
receptors
throughout
the
human
body.
Through
activation
those
receptors,
it
can
regulate
many
events
in
The
impact
caffeine
consumption
on
depression,
anxiety,
stress,
health
remains
unclear,
constituting
an
important
knowledge
gap.
This
review
was
conducted
examine
stress
levels
offer
some
recommendations
for
its
future
use.
Recent
Findings
We
performed
comprehensive
literature
search
using
PubMed,
Web
Science
Google
Scholar
databases
original
articles
published
recent
years
“caffeine
metabolism”,
mechanism”,
“anxiety”,
“depression”,
“stress”.
Caffeine,
which
antagonistic
effect
adenosine,
reduce
risk
symptoms
depression
improve
general
mental
modulating
central
nervous
system
neurotransmitter
systems.
However,
increases
anxiety
levels,
are
often
seen
together
with
observed
due
high-dose
consumption.
Summary
Caffeine’s
may
vary
depending
different
factors,
but
level
is
particularly
attention
should
be
paid
upper
limits
reference
values
while
evaluating
amounts.
ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
8(3), P. 841 - 853
Published: Feb. 20, 2025
Alprazolam
(Alp),
a
commonly
used
sleep
medication
in
clinical
practice,
has
several
potential
limitations,
including
narrow
therapeutic
dosage
range
and
delayed
onset.
CGS21680
(CGS),
selective
agonist
of
the
adenosine
A2A
receptor,
exhibits
neuroinhibitory
properties.
This
study
aimed
to
evaluate
effects
CGS
on
properties
Alp.
The
sleep-inducing
Alp
were
assessed
through
righting
reflex,
while
sedative
evaluated
by
spontaneous
activity
detection.
synergistic
effect
was
using
electroencephalography
electromyography.
results
indicate
that
we
optimized
selected
ED5
dose
ED50
for
coadministration.
reduced
latency
induced
extended
duration.
distribution
brain
mass
spectrometry
imaging
(MSI).
blood-brain
barrier
(BBB)
model
established
impact
transmittance
indicated
influenced
across
various
regions
increased
Alp's
BBB.
metabolic
pathways
GABA,
glutamate,
glutamine
MSI
enzyme
verification.
coadministration
resulted
regulation
during
maintenance
periods,
respectively.
In
conclusion,
potentiating
is
attributed
its
ability
modulate
enhancing
BBB
permeability
influence
Alp-induced
neurotransmitter
release.
Cell Research,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
34(5), P. 333 - 334
Published: March 8, 2024
A
new
study
published
in
Cell
Research
reports
that
40
Hz
light
flicker
induces
a
somnogenic
effect
mediated
by
adenosine-ENT2
signaling.Remarkably,
was
shown
to
improve
the
sleep
quality
of
children
with
insomnia,
offering
potential
non-pharmacological
therapeutic
approach
for
treatment
disorders.Sleep
disruptions
are
prevalent
various
brain
disorders,
yet
field's
limited
understanding
underlying
mechanisms
has
hindered
advancement
effective
therapies.
1Furthermore,
emerging
evidence
implicated
disturbances
as
drivers
disease,
alterations
often
preceding
disease
onset
several
years,
1
highlighting
importance
developing
therapies.The
exploration
sensory
stimulation
garnered
great
interest
non-invasive
neurodegenerative
diseases.
2In
from
Zhou
et
al.,
3
authors
sought
identify
through
which
exerts
protective
effect.The
focused
on
adenosine
signaling
given
gamma
oscillatory
activity
is
an
energetically
demanding
process
requiring
ATP
metabolism
results
increased
extracellular
adenosine.Adenosine
known
reduce
neuronal
activity,
and
accumulation
increases
pressure.
4s
such,
it
blockade
receptors
underlies
wakefulness-promoting
effects
caffeine.
4o
examine
levels
response
frequencies,
used
G
protein-coupled
receptor
(GPCR)
activation-based
sensor
(GRAB
Ado
)
regions.When
compared
other
frequencies
were
tested
primary
visual
cortex
(V1),
resulted
maximal
levels,
sustained
hours
after
cessation
stimulation.Additional
experiments
identified
cellular
source
be
both
excitatory
inhibitory
neurons,
but
not
astrocytes,
suggesting
subtypes
interact
generate
adenosine,
similar
interactions
giving
rise
oscillations.
5n
microglia
have
recently
been
tightly
regulate
signaling,
providing
feedback
neurons
CD73-dependent
conversion
AMP
adenosine.
6Zhou
al.
found
unaltered
CD73-knockout
(KO)
mouse,
alternate
pathway
involved
flicker-induced
increase
2iven
intracellular
can
also
directly
effluxed
via
ENT1/2
transmembrane
efflux
transporters,
International Journal of Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 1 - 11
Published: April 17, 2024
Objectives
Insomnia
has
been
the
subject
of
much
systematic
research
because
it
is
a
risk
factor
for
variety
diseases.
There
some
evidence
that
gamma
sensory
stimulation
therapy
also
demonstrated
to
improve
sleep
quality
people
with
Alzheimer's
disease.
However,
unclear
whether
this
method
effective
treating
insomnia.
The
principal
objective
project
was
investigate
efficacy
and
safety
flicker
in
improving
insomnia
patients.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: April 29, 2024
SUMMARY
Acute
and
short-term
rhythmic
40
Hz
light
flicker
stimulation
has
shown
promising
results
in
alleviating
cognitive
impairments
mouse
models
of
Alzheimer’s
disease
(AD),
stroke,
autism
spectrum
disorders
(ASD).
Understanding
the
long-term
impacts
underlying
mechanisms
is
crucial
to
progress
this
approach
for
potential
human
therapeutic
applications.
Here,
we
show
that
prolonged
exposure
(1
hour
per
day
30
days)
significantly
improved
spatial
learning
neurogenesis
dentate
gyrus
(DG)
without
harmful
behavioral
side
effects.
Mice
with
transgenic
deletion
doublecortin-positive
cells
(DCX
DTR
)
adult
hippocampus
failed
exhibit
enhanced
stimulation.
Inactivation
or
knockout
GABAergic
parvalbumin
(PV)
interneurons
reduced
effects
entrainment
enhancement.
Mechanistically,
did
not
alter
regional
microvessel
blood
flow
but
raised
PV
excitability
GABA
levels
inhibitory
transmission
DG.
Blocking
A
receptors
reversed
improvements
neurogenesis.
These
data
showed
enhances
through
PV-dependent
neurogenesis,
which
requires
elevated
as
a
critical
neurochemical
mechanism
sustaining
In
brief
Rhythmic
alleviates
diverse
animal
neurological
diseases.
its
vital
advancing
humans.
improves
boosts
gyrus.
Activation
support
newborn
immature
neurons
underlie
effect,
demonstrating
lasting
benefits
treatment
Highlights
Long-term
hippocampus,
devoid
adverse
The
evoked
activity
interneurons.
Increased
serves
Cells,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
13(19), P. 1657 - 1657
Published: Oct. 6, 2024
Schizophrenia
is
a
neuropsychiatric
illness
characterized
by
altered
neurotransmission,
in
which
adenosine,
modulator
of
glutamate
and
dopamine,
plays
critical
role
that
relatively
unexplored
the
human
brain.
In
present
study,
postmortem
brain
tissue
from
anterior
cingulate
cortex
(ACC)
individuals
with
schizophrenia
(