Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
13
Published: May 6, 2022
Adoptive
cell
therapy
(ACT)
with
engineered
T
cells
has
emerged
as
a
promising
strategy
for
the
treatment
of
malignant
tumors.
Among
them,
there
is
great
interest
in
γδ
ACT.
With
both
adaptive
and
innate
immune
characteristics,
can
be
activated
by
TCRs
to
recognize
antigens
MHC-independent
manner,
or
NK
receptors
stress-induced
molecules.
The
dual
recognition
system
enables
unique
activation
cytotoxicity
profiles,
which
should
considered
design
cells.
However,
current
designs
mostly
follow
strategies
that
used
αβ
cells,
but
not
making
good
use
specific
characteristics
Therefore,
it
no
surprising
preclinical
clinical
trials
have
limited
efficacy.
In
this
review,
we
summarized
patterns
antigen
features
signaling
pathways
functions
This
review
will
additionally
discuss
progress
provide
insights
based
on
their
characteristics.
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
7(1)
Published: June 29, 2022
Abstract
Natural
killer
(NK)
cells,
a
subgroup
of
innate
lymphoid
act
as
the
first
line
defense
against
cancer.
Although
some
evidence
shows
that
NK
cells
can
develop
in
secondary
tissues,
mainly
bone
marrow
(BM)
and
egress
into
blood
circulation
when
they
mature.
They
then
migrate
to
settle
down
peripheral
though
special
subsets
home
back
BM
or
organs.
Owing
its
success
allogeneic
adoptive
transfer
for
cancer
treatment
“off-the-shelf”
potential,
cell-based
immunotherapy
is
attracting
increasing
attention
various
cancers.
However,
insufficient
infiltration
adoptively
transferred
limits
clinical
utility,
especially
solid
tumors.
Expansion
engineered
chimeric
antigen
receptor
(CAR)
ex
vivo
prior
by
using
cytokines
alters
profiles
chemokine
receptors,
which
affects
tumor
tissue.
Several
factors
control
cell
trafficking
homing,
including
cell-intrinsic
(e.g.,
transcriptional
factors),
cell-extrinsic
integrins,
selectins,
chemokines
their
corresponding
signals
induced
cytokines,
sphingosine-1-phosphate
(S1P),
etc.),
cellular
microenvironment.
Here,
we
summarize
mechanisms
homing
at
steady
state
during
development,
aiming
improve
immunotherapy.
Exploration,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
2(3)
Published: March 15, 2022
Immunotherapy
strategies
that
use
cell-based
delivery
systems
have
sparked
much
interest
in
the
treatment
of
malignancies,
owing
to
their
high
biocompatibility,
excellent
tumor
targeting
capability,
and
unique
biofunctionalities
growth
process.
A
variety
design
principles
for
immunotherapy,
including
cell
surface
decoration,
membrane
coating,
encapsulation,
genetically
engineered
cell,
cell-derived
exosomes,
give
cancer
immunotherapy
great
potential
improve
therapeutic
efficacy
reduce
adverse
effects.
However,
methods
is
still
limited,
practical
uses
are
hampered
due
complex
physiological
immunological
obstacles,
such
as
physical
barriers
immune
infiltration,
immunosuppressive
microenvironment,
upregulation
pathways,
metabolic
restriction.
In
this
review,
we
present
an
overview
maximize
impact,
along
with
anatomical,
metabolic,
impediments
using
treat
cancer.
Following
that,
a
summary
novel
been
created
overcome
these
obstacles
immunotherapeutic
provided.
Also,
prospects
next-step
development
concluded
end.
Journal of Hematology & Oncology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
15(1)
Published: Oct. 8, 2022
Abstract
The
United
States
Food
and
Drug
Administration
(US
FDA)
has
always
been
a
forerunner
in
drug
evaluation
supervision.
Over
the
past
31
years,
1050
drugs
(excluding
vaccines,
cell-based
therapies,
gene
therapy
products)
have
approved
as
new
molecular
entities
(NMEs)
or
biologics
license
applications
(BLAs).
A
total
of
228
these
were
identified
cancer
therapeutics
cancer-related
drugs,
120
them
classified
therapeutic
for
solid
tumors
according
to
their
initial
indications.
These
evolved
from
small
molecules
with
broad-spectrum
antitumor
properties
early
stage
monoclonal
antibodies
(mAbs)
antibody‒drug
conjugates
(ADCs)
more
precise
targeting
effect
during
most
recent
decade.
extended
indications
other
malignancies,
constituting
treatment
system
monotherapy
combined
therapy.
However,
available
targets
are
still
mainly
limited
receptor
tyrosine
kinases
(RTKs),
restricting
development
drugs.
In
this
review,
summarized
indications,
characteristics,
functions.
Additionally,
RTK-targeted
therapies
immune
checkpoint-based
immunotherapies
also
discussed.
Our
analysis
existing
challenges
potential
opportunities
may
advance
tumor
future.
Cancer Discovery,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
12(7), P. 1625 - 1633
Published: April 12, 2022
Summary:
CD19-
and
B-cell
maturation
antigen
(BCMA)–directed
chimeric
receptor
(CAR)
T
cells
have
enabled
unprecedented
responses
in
a
subset
of
refractory
patients
with
plasma
cell
malignancies,
leading
to
their
approval
by
the
FDA
for
treatment
leukemia,
lymphoma,
myeloma.
These
“living
drugs”
can
become
part
synthetic
immune
system,
persisting
at
least
decade
some
patients.
However,
despite
this
tremendous
impact,
significant
unmet
needs
remain
hematologic
malignancies
solid
cancers.
In
perspective,
we
highlight
recent
innovations
that
advance
field
toward
production
more
potent
universal
cellular
immunotherapy
future.
Next-generation
CAR
will
incorporate
advances
gene
engineering
biology
enhance
functionality
persistence,
reduce
treatment-associated
toxicities.
The
combination
autologous
various
allogeneic
strategies
designed
target
immunosuppressive
tumor
microenvironment
broaden
impact
future
T-cell
therapies.
Molecular Cancer,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
22(1)
Published: Nov. 27, 2023
Abstract
Immunotherapies
have
revolutionized
the
treatment
paradigms
of
various
types
cancers.
However,
most
these
immunomodulatory
strategies
focus
on
harnessing
adaptive
immunity,
mainly
by
inhibiting
immunosuppressive
signaling
with
immune
checkpoint
blockade,
or
enhancing
immunostimulatory
bispecific
T
cell
engager
and
chimeric
antigen
receptor
(CAR)-T
cell.
Although
agents
already
achieved
great
success,
only
a
tiny
percentage
patients
could
benefit
from
immunotherapies.
Actually,
immunotherapy
efficacy
is
determined
multiple
components
in
tumor
microenvironment
beyond
immunity.
Cells
innate
arm
system,
such
as
macrophages,
dendritic
cells,
myeloid-derived
suppressor
neutrophils,
natural
killer
unconventional
also
participate
cancer
evasion
surveillance.
Considering
that
cornerstone
antitumor
response,
utilizing
immunity
provides
potential
therapeutic
options
for
control.
Up
to
now,
exploiting
agonists
stimulator
interferon
genes,
CAR-macrophage
-natural
therapies,
metabolic
regulators,
novel
exhibited
potent
activities
preclinical
clinical
studies.
Here,
we
summarize
latest
insights
into
roles
cells
discuss
advances
arm-targeted
strategies.
Molecular Cancer,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
22(1)
Published: Nov. 28, 2023
The
advent
of
iPSCs
has
brought
about
a
significant
transformation
in
stem
cell
research,
opening
up
promising
avenues
for
advancing
cancer
treatment.
formation
is
multifaceted
process
influenced
by
genetic,
epigenetic,
and
environmental
factors.
offer
distinctive
platform
investigating
the
origin
cancer,
paving
way
novel
approaches
to
treatment,
drug
testing,
tailored
medical
interventions.
This
review
article
will
provide
an
overview
science
behind
iPSCs,
current
limitations
challenges
iPSC-based
therapy,
ethical
social
implications,
comparative
analysis
with
other
types
also
discuss
applications
tumorigenesis,
future
tumorigenesis
highlight
successful
case
studies
utilizing
research.
conclusion
summarize
advancements
made
research
importance
continued
investment
iPSC
unlock
full
potential
these
cells.
Cell Death and Disease,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15(1)
Published: Jan. 15, 2024
Abstract
Immunotherapy
has
rapidly
evolved
in
the
past
decades
battle
against
cancer.
Chimeric
antigen
receptor
(CAR)-engineered
T
cells
have
demonstrated
significant
success
certain
hematologic
malignancies,
although
they
still
face
limitations,
including
high
costs
and
toxic
effects.
Natural
killer
(NK
cells),
as
a
vital
component
of
immune
system,
serve
“first
responders”
context
cancer
development.
In
this
literature
review,
we
provide
an
updated
understanding
NK
cell
development,
functions,
their
applications
disease
therapy.
Furthermore,
explore
rationale
for
utilizing
engineered
therapies,
such
CAR-NK
cells,
discuss
differences
between
CAR-T
cells.
We
also
insights
into
key
elements
strategies
involved
CAR
design
addition,
highlight
challenges
currently
encountered
future
directions
research
utilization,
pre-clinical
investigations
ongoing
clinical
trials.
Based
on
outstanding
antitumor
potential
it
is
highly
likely
that
will
lead
to
groundbreaking
advancements
treatment
future.
Pharmacological Research,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
212, P. 107637 - 107637
Published: Jan. 29, 2025
Gastric
cancer
remains
a
significant
global
health
burden,
characterized
by
regional
variations
in
incidence
and
poor
survival
prospects
advanced
stages.
Natural
killer
(NK)
cells
play
crucial
role
the
body's
anti-cancer
defense,
chimeric
antigen
receptor
(CAR)-NK
cell
therapy
is
gaining
attention
as
cutting-edge
promising
treatment
method.
This
study
aims
to
tackle
challenge
of
TGF-β-mediated
tumor
immune
evasion
within
immunosuppressive
microenvironment
designing
novel
cytokine
TRII/21R,
which
consists
extracellular
domains
TGF-β
II
(TRII)
transmembrane
intracellular
IL-21
(21R)
can
convert
signal
from
(TME)
into
an
NK
activation
through
IL-21R-STAT3
pathway.
We
successfully
constructed
NKG2D-CAR-NK
expressing
TRII/21R
demonstrated
strong
anti-tumor
activity
against
both
vitro
vivo.
The
co-expression
CAR-NK
enhanced
cytotoxicity,
promoted
proliferation
capabilities,
reduced
expression
exhaustion
markers.
In
xenograft
mouse
model,
TRII/21R-CAR-NK
significantly
inhibited
growth
improved
rate
tumor-bearing
mice
compared
receiving
control
cells.
Additionally,
cells'
infiltration,
activation,
persistence
tumor,
indicating
robust
response
mediated
JAK-STAT3
signaling
underscores
therapeutic
potential
TRII/21R-modified
breakthrough
strategy
for
combating
cancer.
