The Exciting Potential and Remaining Uncertainties of Genetic Rescue

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 34(12), P. 1070 - 1079

Published: July 8, 2019

Language: Английский

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Conservation genetics as a management tool: The five best-supported paradigms to assist the management of threatened species

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 119(1)

Published: Dec. 20, 2021

About 50 y ago, Crow and Kimura [ An Introduction to Population Genetics Theory (1970)] Ohta Genet. Res. 22, 201–204 (1973)] laid the foundations of conservation genetics by predicting relationship between population size genetic marker diversity. This work sparked an enormous research effort investigating importance dynamics, in particular small size, for mean performance, viability, evolutionary potential. In light a recent perspective [J. C. Teixeira, D. Huber, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 118, 10 (2021)] that challenges some fundamental assumptions genetics, it is timely summarize what field has achieved, robust patterns have emerged, worthwhile future directions. We consider theory methodological breakthroughs helped management, we outline applied genetics.

Language: Английский

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The Genomic Footprints of the Fall and Recovery of the Crested Ibis

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 29(2), P. 340 - 349.e7

Published: Jan. 1, 2019

Human-induced environmental change and habitat fragmentation pose major threats to biodiversity require active conservation efforts mitigate their consequences. Genetic rescue through translocation the introduction of variation into imperiled populations has been argued as a powerful means preserve, or even increase, genetic diversity evolutionary potential endangered species [1Weeks A.R. Sgro C.M. Young A.G. Frankham R. Mitchell N.J. Miller K.A. Byrne M. Coates D.J. Eldridge M.D. Sunnucks P. et al.Assessing benefits risks translocations in changing environments: perspective.Evol. Appl. 2011; 4: 709-725Crossref PubMed Scopus (550) Google Scholar, 2Armstrong D.P. John L.C. Effects familiarity on outcome translocations, II. A test using New Zealand Robins.Biol. Conserv. 1995; 71: 281-288Crossref (61) 3Whiteley Fitzpatrick S.W. Funk W.C. Tallmon D.A. rescue.Trends Ecol. Evol. 2015; 30: 42-49Abstract Full Text PDF (425) 4Weeks Heinze D. Perrin L. Stoklosa J. Hoffmann A.A. van Rooyen A. Kelly T. Mansergh I. increases fitness aids rapid recovery an marsupial population.Nat. Commun. 2017; 8: 1071Crossref (75) Scholar]. However, factors such outbreeding depression [5Olden J.D. Leroy Poff N. Douglas M.R. M.E. Fausch K.D. Ecological consequences biotic homogenization.Trends 2004; 19: 18-24Abstract (1043) 6Leimu Fischer Between-population affects plant defence.PLoS ONE. 2010; 5: e12614Crossref (17) Scholar] reduction available render success approaches uncertain. An improved evaluation consequence restoration requires knowledge temporal changes before after advent management programs. To provide information, growing number studies have included small numbers genomic loci extracted from historic ancient specimens [7Draheim H.M. Baird Haig S.M. Temporal analysis mtDNA reveals decreased least terns.Condor. 2012; 114: 145-154Crossref (14) 8Wandeler Hoeck P.E. Keller L.F. Back future: museum population genetics.Trends 2007; 22: 634-642Abstract (444) We extend this approach its natural conclusion, by characterizing complete sequences modern samples crested ibis (Nipponia nippon), bird that is perhaps most successful example how effort brought back brink extinction. Though once tiny today recovered >2,000 individuals [9Collar Andreev Chan S. Crosby Subramanya Tobias Threatened birds Asia: BirdLife International red data book.Fifth Edition. International, Cambridge2001Google Scholar], process was accompanied almost half ancestral loss high deleterious mutation load. furthermore show drift coupled inbreeding following bottleneck largely purged polymorphisms current population. In we demonstrate unique promise exploiting information held within for ecological research.

Language: Английский

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Genetic mixing for population management: From genetic rescue to provenancing

Evolutionary Applications, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 14(3), P. 634 - 652

Published: Oct. 24, 2020

Abstract Animal and plant species around the world are being challenged by deleterious effects of inbreeding, loss genetic diversity, maladaptation due to widespread habitat destruction rapid climate change. In many cases, interventions will likely be needed safeguard populations maintain functioning ecosystems. Strategies aimed at initiating, reinstating, or enhancing patterns gene flow via deliberate movement genotypes environment generating growing interest with broad applications in conservation environmental management. These diverse strategies go various names ranging from evolutionary rescue provenancing resurrection. Our aim here is provide some clarification terminology how these connected linked underlying processes. We draw on case studies literature outline mechanisms that underlie increase fitness impact wider community. argue understanding leading decline community a key successful implementation strategies. emphasize need consider nature source recipient populations, as well associated risks trade‐offs for This overview highlights where have potential population, species, ecosystem scales, but also they should probably not attempted depending overall aims intervention. advocate an approach short‐ long‐term integrated into decision framework considers nongenetic aspects

Language: Английский

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Unbiased population heterozygosity estimates from genome‐wide sequence data

Methods in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(10), P. 1888 - 1898

Published: June 12, 2021

Abstract Heterozygosity is a metric of genetic variability frequently used to inform the management threatened taxa. Estimating observed and expected heterozygosities from genome‐wide sequence data has become increasingly common, these estimates are often derived directly genotypes at single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. While many SNP markers can provide precise processes, results ‘downstream’ analysis with may depend heavily on ‘upstream’ filtering decisions. Here we explore downstream consequences sample size, rare allele filtering, missing thresholds known population structure heterozygosity using two reduced‐representation sequencing datasets, one mosquito Aedes aegypti (ddRADseq) other grasshopper, Keyacris scurra (DArTseq). We show that based polymorphic only (i.e. heterozygosity) always biased by global size ( N ), smaller producing larger estimates. By contrast, unbiased when calculations consider monomorphic as well information or autosomal heterozygosity). also differentiated populations analysed together while remains unbiased. sites included, diverge in proportion amount permitted each site. make three recommendations for estimating heterozygosity: (a) should be reported instead (or addition to) heterozygosity; (b) any omitted (c) independent runs. This facilitate comparisons within across studies between measures heterozygosity.

Language: Английский

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Conservation and the Genomics of Populations

Oxford University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 10, 2022

Abstract Loss of biodiversity is among the greatest problems facing world today. Conservation and Genomics Populations gives a comprehensive overview essential background, concepts, tools needed to understand how genetic information can be used conserve species threatened with extinction, manage ecological or commercial importance. New molecular techniques, statistical methods, computer programs, principles, methods are becoming increasingly useful in conservation biological diversity. Using balance data theory, coupled basic applied research examples, this book examines phenotypic variation natural populations, principles mechanisms evolutionary change, interpretation from these conservation. The includes examples plants, animals, microbes wild captive populations. This third edition has been thoroughly revised include advances genomics contains new chapters on population genomics, monitoring, genetics practice, as well sections climate emerging diseases, metagenomics, more. More than one-third references were published after previous edition. Each 24 Appendix end Guest Box written by an expert who provides example presented chapter their own work. for advanced undergraduate graduate students genetics, resource management, biology, professional biologists policy-makers working wildlife habitat management agencies. Much will also interest nonprofessionals curious about role

Language: Английский

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Loss of terrestrial biodiversity in Australia: Magnitude, causation, and response

Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 381(6658), P. 622 - 631

Published: Aug. 10, 2023

Australia’s biota is species rich, with high rates of endemism. This natural legacy has rapidly diminished since European colonization. The impacts invasive species, habitat loss, altered fire regimes, and changed water flows are now compounded by climate change, particularly through extreme drought, heat, wildfire, flooding. Extinction rates, already far exceeding the global average for mammals, predicted to escalate across all taxa, ecosystems collapsing. These losses symptomatic shortcomings in resourcing, law, policy, management. Informed examples advances conservation practice from control, Indigenous land management, citizen science, we describe interventions needed enhance future resilience. Many characteristics Australian biodiversity loss globally relevant, recovery requiring society reframe its relationship environment.

Language: Английский

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Impacts of recent climate change on terrestrial flora and fauna: Some emerging Australian examples

Austral Ecology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 44(1), P. 3 - 27

Published: Nov. 20, 2018

Abstract The effects of anthropogenic climate change on biodiversity are well known for some high‐profile Australian marine systems, including coral bleaching and kelp forest devastation. Less well‐published the impacts being observed in terrestrial ecosystems, although ecological models have predicted substantial changes likely. Detecting attributing to factors is difficult due importance extreme conditions, noisy nature short‐term data collected with limited resources, complexities introduced by biotic interactions. Here, we provide a suite case studies that considered possible systems. Our intention diverse collection stories illustrating how flora fauna likely responding direct indirect change. We aim raise awareness rather than be comprehensive. include covering canopy dieback forests, compositional shifts vegetation, positive feedbacks between climate, vegetation disturbance regimes, local extinctions plants, size birds, phenological reproduction shifting interactions threaten communities endangered species. Some these clear cut, others less clearly connected change; however, all important providing insights into future state ecosystems. also highlight management issues relevant conserving ecosystems face

Language: Английский

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Hybridization as a conservation management tool

Conservation Letters, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 12(5)

Published: May 17, 2019

Abstract The recent extensive loss of biodiversity raises the question whether organisms will adapt in time to survive current era rapid environmental change, and today's conservation practices policies are appropriate. We review benefits risks inter‐ intraspecific hybridization as a management tool aimed at enhancing adaptive potential survival, with particular reference coral reefs. conclude that is underutilized many its perceived possibly overstated; few applications date have already shown positive outcomes. Moreover, perceptions risk change significantly when focus on preserving species/population, instead species original state. Further, we suggest uncertain legal status hybrids entities protection can be costly society ecosystems, legislative revision overdue. present decision tree help assess where suitable tool, or preferred option.

Language: Английский

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The genic view of hybridization in the Anthropocene

Evolutionary Applications, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 14(10), P. 2342 - 2360

Published: March 13, 2021

Human impact is noticeable around the globe, indicating that a new era might have begun: Anthropocene. Continuing human activities, including land-use changes, introduction of non-native species and rapid climate change, are altering distributions countless species, often giving rise to human-mediated hybridization events. While interbreeding different populations or can detrimental effects, such as genetic extinction, it be beneficial in terms adaptive introgression an increase diversity. In this paper, I first review mechanisms outcomes anthropogenic based on literature from last five years (2016-2020). The most common leading previously isolated taxa include habitat change (51% studies) (34% intentional 19% unintentional). These human-induced events result (80%). high incidence exchange between hybridizing indicates application genic view speciation (and introgression) provide crucial insights how address This perspective considers genome dynamic collection loci with distinct evolutionary histories, heterogenous genomic landscape differentiation introgression. First, understanding lead better selection diagnostic markers characterize hybrid populations. Second, describing patterns vary across help predict likelihood negative processes, demographic swamping, well positive outcomes, It especially important not only quantify much material introgressed, but also what has been exchanged. Third, comparing pre-Anthropocene current cases novel into swamping collapse during event. However, comparative approach remains tested before applied practice. Finally, combined conservation studies determine legal status hybrids take appropriate measures manage interplay genomics will constant ideas these fields which improve our knowledge origin conserve protect them.

Language: Английский

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