Circulating tumor cells: biology and clinical significance

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: Nov. 22, 2021

Abstract Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are that have sloughed off the primary and extravasate into circulate in blood. Understanding of metastatic cascade CTCs has tremendous potential for identification targets against cancer metastasis. Detecting these very rare among massive blood is challenging. However, emerging technologies detection profoundly contributed to deepening investigation biology facilitated their clinical application. Current summarized herein, together with advantages disadvantages. The usually dependent on molecular markers, epithelial cell adhesion molecule being most widely used, although markers vary between different types cancer. Properties associated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition stemness been identified CTCs, indicating increased capacity. Only a small proportion can survive eventually initiate metastases, suggesting an interaction modulation hostile microenvironment essential CTC Single-cell sequencing extensively investigated, enabled researchers reveal genome transcriptome CTCs. Herein, we also review applications especially monitoring response treatment evaluating prognosis. Hence, will continue contribute providing significant insights processes open new avenues useful applications.

Language: Английский

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Non-genetic mechanisms of therapeutic resistance in cancer

Nature reviews. Cancer, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 20(12), P. 743 - 756

Published: Oct. 8, 2020

Language: Английский

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Applications of single-cell sequencing in cancer research: progress and perspectives

Journal of Hematology & Oncology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: June 9, 2021

Single-cell sequencing, including genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, proteomics and metabolomics is a powerful tool to decipher the cellular molecular landscape at single-cell resolution, unlike bulk which provides averaged data. The use of sequencing in cancer research has revolutionized our understanding biological characteristics dynamics within lesions. In this review, we summarize emerging technologies recent progress obtained by information related landscapes malignant cells immune cells, tumor heterogeneity, circulating underlying mechanisms behaviors. Overall, prospects facilitating diagnosis, targeted therapy prognostic prediction among spectrum tumors are bright. near future, advances will undoubtedly improve highlight potential precise therapeutic targets for patients.

Language: Английский

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From bulk, single-cell to spatial RNA sequencing

International Journal of Oral Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Nov. 15, 2021

Abstract RNA sequencing (RNAseq) can reveal gene fusions, splicing variants, mutations/indels in addition to differential expression, thus providing a more complete genetic picture than DNA sequencing. This most widely used technology genomics tool box has evolved from classic bulk (RNAseq), popular single cell (scRNAseq) newly emerged spatial (spRNAseq). Bulk RNAseq studies average global scRNAseq investigates biology up 20,000 individual cells simultaneously, while spRNAseq ability dissect activities spatially, representing next generation of article highlights these technologies, characteristic features and suitable applications precision oncology.

Language: Английский

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Tracking cancer progression: from circulating tumor cells to metastasis

Genome Medicine, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: March 19, 2020

The analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is an outstanding tool to provide insights into the biology metastatic cancers, monitor disease progression and with potential for use in liquid biopsy-based personalized cancer treatment. These goals are ambitious, yet recent studies already allowing a sharper understanding strengths, challenges, opportunities provided by biopsy approaches. For instance, through single-cell-resolution genomics transcriptomics, it becoming increasingly clear that CTCs heterogeneous at multiple levels only fraction them capable initiating metastasis. It also appears adopt ways enhance their potential, including homotypic clustering heterotypic interactions immune stromal cells. On clinical side, both CTC enumeration molecular may new means take individualized treatment decisions, but early detection be challenging compared other derivatives such as DNA. In this review, we summarize current data on CTC-based applications likely impact our process influence management patients cancer, prospects favor implementation precision medicine.

Language: Английский

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Single‐Cell Analysis Using Droplet Microfluidics

Advanced Biosystems, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 4(1)

Published: Nov. 26, 2019

Abstract Droplet microfluidics has revolutionized the study of single cells. The ability to compartmentalize cells within picoliter droplets in microfluidic devices opened up a wide range strategies extract information at genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, or metabolomic level from large numbers individual Studying different molecular landscapes single‐cell resolution provided authors with detailed picture intracellular heterogeneity and resulting changes cellular phenotypes. In addition, these technologies have aided discovery rare tumors immune system, left deeper understanding fundamental biological processes that determine cell fate. This review aims provide overview various droplet reported literature, taking into account sometimes subtle differences workflow reagents enable improve certain protocols. Specifically, approaches targeted‐ whole‐genome analysis, as well whole‐transcriptome profiling techniques, are reviewed. an up‐to‐date new methods characterize quantify protein levels, developments screen secreted molecules such antibodies, cytokines, metabolites level, is provided.

Language: Английский

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Liquid biopsies: Potential and challenges

International Journal of Cancer, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 148(3), P. 528 - 545

Published: July 19, 2020

The analysis of tumor cells or cell products obtained from blood other body fluids ("liquid biopsy" [LB]) provides a broad range opportunities in the field oncology. Clinical application areas include early detection cancer recurrence, individual risk assessment and therapy monitoring. LB allows to portray entire disease as are released all metastatic primary sites, providing comprehensive real-time information on evolution, therapeutic targets mechanisms resistance therapy. Here, we focus most prominent markers, circulating (CTCs) tumor-derived DNA (ctDNA), patients with breast, prostate, lung colorectal cancer, four frequent types Europe. After brief introduction key technologies used detect CTCs ctDNA, discuss recent clinical studies these biomarkers for prognostication well prediction monitoring therapies. We also point out current methodological biological limitations that still hamper implementation into practice.

Language: Английский

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Single‐cell RNA sequencing in breast cancer: Understanding tumor heterogeneity and paving roads to individualized therapy

Cancer Communications, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 40(8), P. 329 - 344

Published: July 12, 2020

Abstract Single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) is a novel technology that allows transcriptomic analyses of individual cells. During the past decade, scRNA‐seq sensitivity, accuracy, and efficiency have improved due to innovations including more sensitive, automated, cost‐effective single‐cell isolation methods with higher throughput as well ongoing technological development protocols. Among variety current approaches distinct features, researchers can choose most suitable method carry out their research. By profiling single cells in complex population mix, presents great advantages over traditional dissecting heterogeneity cell populations hidden bulk analysis exploring rare types associated tumorigenesis metastasis. studies recent years field breast cancer research clustered different molecular subtypes identify may correlate poor prognosis drug resistance. The has also been used explain tumor microenvironment by identifying immune subsets be immunosurveillance are potential immunotherapy targets. Moreover, diverse applications besides heterogeneity, cell‐cell communications, regulatory states, distributions, more. promising tool facilitate individualized therapy its ability define treatment Although therapeutic selection currently limited, application this prospective. Joint efforts original ideas needed better implement technologies pave way for management. This review provides brief introduction on available along corresponding strengths weaknesses act reference We discuss analysis, therapy, other directions mentioned above reviewing published studies. Finally, we limitations technical problems remain overcome.

Language: Английский

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High-Throughput Transcriptome Profiling in Drug and Biomarker Discovery

Frontiers in Genetics, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Feb. 5, 2020

The development of new drugs is multidisciplinary and systematic work. High-throughput techniques based on ‘-omics’ have driven the discovery biomarkers in diseases therapeutic targets drugs. A transcriptome complete set all RNAs transcribed by certain tissues or cells at a specific stage physiological condition. Transcriptome research can demonstrate gene functions structures from whole level reveal molecular mechanism biological processes diseases. Currently, expression microarray high-throughput RNA-sequencing been widely used biological, medical, clinical drug research. former has applied screening biomarker detection due to its high throughput, fast speed, simple analysis relatively low price. With further technology improvement analytical methods, flux RNA-seq much higher but price lower, hence it powerful advantages detecting discovery. Compared with traditional RNA-seq, scRNA-seq accuracy efficiency, especially single-cell pattern provide more information for Therefore, (sc)RNA-seq broader application prospects, field In this overview, we will review these technologies drug, natural development. Emerging applications third generation tools are also discussed.

Language: Английский

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Circulating tumor cell isolation for cancer diagnosis and prognosis

EBioMedicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 83, P. 104237 - 104237

Published: Aug. 27, 2022

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are that shed from the primary and intravasate into peripheral blood circulation system responsible for metastasis. Sensitive detection of CTCs clinical samples can serve as an effective tool in cancer diagnosis prognosis through liquid biopsy. Current CTC technologies mainly reply on biomarker-mediated platforms including magnetic beads, microfluidic chips or size-sensitive microfiltration which compromise sensitivity due to heterogeneity. A more sensitive, biomarker independent isolation technique has been recently developed with surface-charged superparamagnetic nanoprobe capable different EMT subpopulation capture 1 mL blood. In this review, new strategy is compared conventional techniques specificity, impact protein corona, effect glycolysis cell surface charge, accurate identification. Correlations between enumeration molecular profiling provided management.

Language: Английский

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