Clean and Affordable Hydrogen Fuel from Alkaline Water Splitting: Past, Recent Progress, and Future Prospects

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 33(31)

Published: June 12, 2021

Abstract Hydrogen economy has emerged as a very promising alternative to the current hydrocarbon economy, which involves process of harvesting renewable energy split water into hydrogen and oxygen then further utilization clean fuel. The production by electrolysis is an essential prerequisite with zero carbon emission. Among various technologies, alkaline splitting been commercialized for more than 100 years, representing most mature economic technology. Here, historic development overviewed, several critical electrochemical parameters are discussed. After that, advanced nonprecious metal electrocatalysts that recently negotiating evolution reaction (OER) (HER) discussed, including transition oxides, (oxy)hydroxides, chalcogenides, phosphides, nitrides OER, well alloys, carbides HER. In this section, particular attention paid catalyst synthesis, activity stability challenges, performance improvement, industry‐relevant developments. Some recent works about scaled‐up novel electrode designs, seawater also spotlighted. Finally, outlook on future challenges opportunities offered, potential directions speculated.

Language: Английский

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Water electrolysis: from textbook knowledge to the latest scientific strategies and industrial developments

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 51(11), P. 4583 - 4762

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Replacing fossil fuels with energy sources and carriers that are sustainable, environmentally benign, affordable is amongst the most pressing challenges for future socio-economic development.

Language: Английский

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Advanced Transition Metal‐Based OER Electrocatalysts: Current Status, Opportunities, and Challenges

Small, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 17(37)

Published: June 10, 2021

Abstract Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is an important half‐reaction involved in many electrochemical applications, such as water splitting and rechargeable metal–air batteries. However, the sluggish kinetics of its four‐electron transfer process becomes a bottleneck to performance enhancement. Thus, rational design electrocatalysts for OER based on thorough understanding mechanisms structure‐activity relationship vital significance. This review begins with introduction which include conventional adsorbate mechanism lattice‐oxygen‐mediated mechanism. The pathways related intermediates are discussed detail, several descriptors greatly assist catalyst screen optimization summarized. Some parameters suggested measurement criteria also mentioned discussed. Then, recent developments breakthroughs experimental achievements transition metal‐based reviewed reveal novel principles. Finally, some perspectives future directions proposed further catalytic enhancement deeper design. It believed that iterative improvements fundamental principles essential realize applications efficient energy storage conversion technologies.

Language: Английский

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Recent Development of Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysts in Acidic Environment

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 33(20)

Published: March 25, 2021

Abstract The proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysis is one of the most promising hydrogen production techniques. oxygen evolution reaction (OER) occurring at anode dominates overall efficiency. Developing active and robust electrocatalysts for OER in acid a longstanding challenge PEM electrolyzers. Most catalysts show unsatisfied stability under strong acidic oxidative conditions. Such also leads to difficulties better understanding mechanisms. This review aims provide current progress on mechanisms acid, analyze strategies enhance both activity stability, summarize state‐of‐the‐art acid. First, prevailing are reviewed establish physicochemical structure–activity relationships guiding design highly efficient with stable performance. reported approaches improve activity, from macroview microview, then discussed. To problem instability, key factors affecting catalyst summarized surface reconstruction Various noble‐metal‐based non‐noble‐metal‐based reviewed. Finally, challenges perspectives development

Language: Английский

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Recent Progress in Advanced Electrocatalyst Design for Acidic Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 33(50)

Published: March 21, 2021

Abstract Proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolyzers hold great significance for renewable energy storage and conversion. The acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is one of the main roadblocks that hinder practical application PEM electrolyzers. Highly active, cost‐effective, durable electrocatalysts are indispensable lowering high kinetic barrier OER to achieve boosted kinetics. To date, a wide spectrum advanced has been designed synthesized enhanced performance, though Ir Ru based nanostructures still represent state‐of‐the‐art catalysts. In this Progress Report, recent research progress in improved performance summarized. First, fundamental understanding about including mechanisms atomic rational design efficient discussed. Thereafter, an overview synthesis provided terms catalyst category, i.e., metallic (Ir based), precious metal oxides, nonprecious carbon nanomaterials. Finally, perspectives future development from aspects mechanism investigation more electrocatalyst design.

Language: Английский

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Sodium‐Decorated Amorphous/Crystalline RuO₂ with Rich Oxygen Vacancies: A Robust pH‐Universal Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalyst

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 60(34), P. 18821 - 18829

Published: June 14, 2021

Abstract The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a key for many electrochemical devices. To date, OER electrocatalysts function well in alkaline media, but exhibit poor performances neutral and acidic especially the stability. Herein, sodium‐decorated amorphous/crystalline RuO 2 with rich vacancies (a/c‐RuO ) was developed as pH‐universal electrocatalyst. a/c‐RuO shows remarkable resistance to acid corrosion oxidation during OER, which leads an extremely high catalytic stability, confirmed by negligible overpotential increase after continuously catalyzing 60 h at pH=1. Besides, also exhibits superior activities commercial most reported catalysts under all pH conditions. Theoretical calculations indicated that introduction of Na dopant vacancy weakens adsorption strength intermediates engineering d ‐band center, thereby lowering energy barrier OER.

Language: Английский

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Design concept for electrocatalysts

Nano Research, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 1730 - 1752

Published: Sept. 4, 2021

Language: Английский

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Synergistic Modulation of Non-Precious-Metal Electrocatalysts for Advanced Water Splitting

Accounts of Chemical Research, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 53(6), P. 1111 - 1123

Published: May 28, 2020

ConspectusHydrogen is an ideal energy carrier and plays a critical role in the future transition. Distinct from steam reforming, electrochemical water splitting, especially powered by renewables, has been considered as promising technique for scalable production of high-purity hydrogen with no carbon emission. Its commercialization relies on reduction electricity consumption thus cost, calling highly efficient cost-effective electrocatalysts capability steadily working at high output. This requires to feature (1) active intrinsic sites, (2) abundant accessible (3) effective electron mass transfer, (4) chemical structural durability, (5) low-cost synthesis. It should be noted that all these requirements fulfilled together practicable electrocatalyst. Much effort devoted addressing one or few aspects, improving electrocatalytic activity electronic modulation while reviews have focused synergistic aspects although it essential advanced splitting.In this Account, we will present recent innovative strategies emphasis our solutions synergistically modulating transportation, gas evolution, well mechanical non-precious-metal electrocatalysts, aiming splitting. The following approaches coupling are summarized both cathodic evolution reaction (HER) anodic oxygen (OER). Synergistic modulations. structure catalytic site determines adsorption/desorption reactive intermediates activity. can tuned heterogeneous doping, strain effect, spin polarization, etc. Coupling effects optimize pathways target simultaneously stability would advance performance. crystalline modulation. crystallinity, phase, facets, defects, affect stability. enhance morphological focus concurrently morphology increasing through single action processing. transfer properties also enhanced enable splitting large elementary reactions. Electrocatalytic generally consists couple Each may need specific site. Designing combining various components targeting every step space-limited catalyst surface balance steps accelerating overall reaction. Integrated electrocatalyst design. Taking into account necessary integrate above features enabling high-output electrolysis. Beyond progress made date, remaining challenges opportunities discussed. With insights, hopefully, Account shed light rational design practical water-splitting hydrogen.

Language: Английский

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Recent Progress on Two-Dimensional Materials

Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 0(0), P. 2108017 - 0

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

Abstract: Research on two-dimensional (2D) materials has been explosively increasing in last seventeen years varying subjects including condensed matter physics, electronic engineering, science, and chemistry since the mechanical exfoliation of graphene 2004. Starting from graphene, 2D now have become a big family with numerous members diverse categories. The unique structural features physicochemical properties make them one class most appealing candidates for wide range potential applications. In particular, we seen some major breakthroughs made field five not only developing novel synthetic methods exploring new structures/properties but also identifying innovative applications pushing forward commercialisation. this review, provide critical summary recent progress particular focus years. After brief background introduction, first discuss materials, exfoliation, liquid vapor phase deposition, wet-chemical synthesis as well engineering belonging to nanomaterials (PEN). We then introduce superconducting/optical/magnetic chirality along newly emerging magic angle superlattices. Following that, promising electronics, optoelectronics, catalysis, energy storage, solar cells, biomedicine, sensors, environments, etc. are described sequentially. Thereafter, present theoretic calculations simulations materials. Finally, after concluding current progress, personal discussions existing challenges future outlooks rapidly field.

Language: Английский

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La- and Mn-doped cobalt spinel oxygen evolution catalyst for proton exchange membrane electrolysis

Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 380(6645), P. 609 - 616

Published: May 11, 2023

Discovery of earth-abundant electrocatalysts to replace iridium for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in a proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer (PEMWE) represents critical step reducing cost green hydrogen production. We report nanofibrous cobalt spinel catalyst codoped with lanthanum (La) and manganese (Mn) prepared from zeolitic imidazolate framework embedded electrospun polymer fiber. The demonstrated low overpotential 353 millivolts at 10 milliamperes per square centimeter degradation OER over 360 hours acidic electrolyte. A PEMWE containing this anode current density 2000 2.47 volts (Nafion 115 membrane) or 4000 3.00 212 an accelerated stress test.

Language: Английский

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