Understanding the environmental and social risks from the international trade in ornamental plants

BioScience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 17, 2025

The multibillion dollar ornamental plant trade benefits economies worldwide, but shifting and rapidly expanding globalized supply chains have exacerbated complex environmental, sustainability, biosecurity risks. We review the environmental social risks of this international trade, complementing it with analyses illegal seizures contaminant interception data from Netherlands United Kingdom. show global increases in expansions East Africa South America, highlight impacts including biodiversity loss, aquifer depletion, pollution, undermined access benefit sharing, food security. Despite risk mitigation efforts, showed considerable volumes contaminants shipments, taxonomic identification was not always possible, highlighting uncertainties assessing With high-volume fast-moving transit plants around world, is essential that production standards are improved on specific collected shared to allow for mitigation.

Language: Английский

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Can large herbivores enhance ecosystem carbon persistence?

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 37(2), P. 117 - 128

Published: Nov. 17, 2021

Language: Английский

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Benzo[a]pyrene stress impacts adaptive strategies and ecological functions of earthworm intestinal viromes

The ISME Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17(7), P. 1004 - 1014

Published: April 17, 2023

The earthworm gut virome influences the structure and function of microbiome, which in turn worm health ecological functions. However, despite its soil quality implications, it remains elusive how intestinal phages respond to different environmental stress, such as pollution. Here we used metagenomics metatranscriptomics investigate interactions between their bacteria under benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) concentrations. Low-level BaP (0.1 mg kg-1) stress stimulated microbial metabolism (1.74-fold control), enhanced antiphage defense system (n = 75) against infection (8 phage-host pairs). exposure resulted highest proportion lysogenic (88%), prophages expressed auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) associated with nutrient transformation (e.g., amino acid metabolism). In contrast, high-level (200 disrupted suppressed systems 29), leading increase phage-bacterium association (37 pairs) conversion lytic (lysogenic ratio declined 43%). Despite fluctuating interactions, phage-encoded AMGs related antioxidant pollutant degradation were enriched, apparently alleviate pollution stress. Overall, these findings expand our knowledge complex pollution-stressed guts, deepen understanding evolutionary roles phages.

Language: Английский

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Herbivores in Arctic ecosystems: Effects of climate change and implications for carbon and nutrient cycling

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 1516(1), P. 28 - 47

Published: July 26, 2022

Arctic terrestrial herbivores influence tundra carbon and nutrient dynamics through their consumption of resources, waste production, habitat-modifying behaviors. The strength these effects is likely to change spatially temporally as climate drives shifts in herbivore abundance, distribution, activity timing. Here, we review how consumptive nonconsumptive effects. We also present evidence for responses discuss may alter the spatial temporal distribution impacts. Several current knowledge gaps limit our understanding changing functional roles herbivores; include limited characterization variability impacts activities cycling elements beyond carbon. conclude by highlighting approaches that will promote better on ecosystems, including integration into existing biogeochemical models, new applications remote sensing techniques, continued use distributed experiments.

Language: Английский

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The Cold Region Critical Zone in Transition: Responses to Climate Warming and Land Use Change

Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 46(1), P. 111 - 134

Published: June 17, 2021

Global climate warming disproportionately affects high-latitude and mountainous terrestrial ecosystems. Warming is accompanied by permafrost thaw, shorter winters, earlier snowmelt, more intense soil freeze-thaw cycles, drier summers, longer fire seasons. These environmental changes in turn impact surface water groundwater flow regimes, quality, greenhouse gas emissions, stability, vegetation cover, (micro)biological communities. also facilitates agricultural expansion, urban growth, natural resource development, adding growing anthropogenic pressures to cold regions’ landscapes, health, biodiversity. Further advances the predictive understanding of how critical zone processes, functions, ecosystem services will continue respond land use require multiscale monitoring technologies coupled with integrated observational modeling tools. We highlight some major challenges, knowledge gaps, opportunities region research, an emphasis on subsurface processes responses both

Language: Английский

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Invasive earthworms affect soil morphological features and carbon stocks in boreal forests

Geoderma, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 404, P. 115262 - 115262

Published: June 15, 2021

Language: Английский

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Ideas and perspectives: Alleviation of functional limitations by soil organisms is key to climate feedbacks from arctic soils

Biogeosciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 20(10), P. 1979 - 1990

Published: May 30, 2023

Abstract. Arctic soils play an important role in Earth's climate system, as they store large amounts of carbon that, if released, could strongly increase greenhouse gas levels our atmosphere. Most research to date has focused on how the turnover organic matter these is regulated by abiotic factors, and few studies have considered potential biotic regulation. However, arctic are currently missing groups soil organisms, here, we highlight recent empirical evidence that organisms' presence or absence key understanding predicting future feedbacks from soils. We propose arrival organisms into may introduce “novel functions”, resulting increased rates of, for example, nitrification, methanogenesis, litter fragmentation, bioturbation, thereby alleviate functional limitations current community. This alleviation can greatly enhance decomposition rates, parity with effects predicted due increasing temperatures. base this argument a series emerging experimental suggesting dispersal until-then absent micro-, meso-, macroorganisms (i.e. bacteria earthworms) new regions newly thawed layers drastically affect functioning. These observations make us question view neglects organism-driven “alleviation effects” when between ecosystems planet's climate. therefore advocate updated framework which biota functions influence ecosystem processes become essential fate warming ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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Responses of soil fauna community under changing environmental conditions

Journal of Arid Land, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(5), P. 620 - 636

Published: May 1, 2023

Abstract Soil faunas account for 23% of known animal species and play a crucial role in ecosystem processes such as mineralizing nutrients, regulating microbial community composition, forming soil aggregates, enhancing primary productivity. However, due to global climate change, population density, distribution patterns fauna vary. Understanding the responses major environmental change facilitate conservation biodiversity. Therefore, review work recent researches analysing effects key factors on fauna, warming, drought, food quality, physical-chemical properties was studied. For most species, warming may exert positive effect their abundance development, however, it can inhibit survival reproduction hibernating species. Drought leads low porosity water holding capacity, which reduces changes composition. also reduce coverage flora alter microclimate surface, turn indirectly abundance. Climate elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide litter will force dietary choices (from higher-quality foods poor quality foods) survival. is still predicted that enhanced richness plant (or litter) mixtures positively affect diversity. Habitat loss caused by deterioration property factor affecting fauna. We mainly discuss threats increased salinity (a arid land) potential anthropogenic disturbance saline soils. The increase override other favour habitat specialists, leading negative Moreover, we find more studies are needed explore soils human activities. And relationship important ecological with structure, diversity needs be redefined.

Language: Английский

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Ecological consequences of a single introduced species to the Antarctic: terrestrial impacts of the invasive midge Eretmoptera murphyi on Signy Island

Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 180, P. 108965 - 108965

Published: Jan. 23, 2023

The nutrient-poor soils of Antarctica are sensitive to change. Recent increases in the number anthropogenic introductions mean that understanding impact non-native species on Antarctic is pertinent, and essential for developing future risk assessments management strategies. Through comparative baseline vegetation, microbes, soil chemistry, substrate composition micro-arthropod abundance, this study explored if there detectable terrestrial ecosystem impacts resulting from introduction chironomid midge Eretmoptera murphyi Signy Island maritime Antarctica. key finding was E. likely driver an increase inorganic nitrogen availability within which it occurs. When compared with levels present influenced by native vertebrate wildlife aggregations, local nitrate associated similar caused deposits seals giant petrel colonies. Overall, available has increased three-to five-fold colonised midge, relative undisturbed soils. This may ultimately rates decomposition as well plant communities Island.

Language: Английский

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Earthworm gut's potential positive impact on carbon cycle by influencing carbohydrate metabolism and microbial genome size

Fundamental Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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