Review on Recent Progress in Magnetic Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, and Diverse Applications

Frontiers in Chemistry, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: July 13, 2021

Diverse applications of nanoparticles (NPs) have revolutionized various sectors in society. In the recent decade, particularly magnetic (MNPs) gained enormous interest owing to their specialized areas such as medicine, cancer theranostics, biosensing, catalysis, agriculture, and environment. Controlled surface engineering for design multi-functional MNPs is vital achieving desired application. The demonstrated great efficacy thermoelectric materials, imaging agents, drug delivery vehicles, biosensors. present review, first we briefly discussed main synthetic methods MNPs, followed by characterizations composition. Then potential different with representative examples. At end, gave an overview on current challenges future prospects MNPs. This comprehensive review not only provides mechanistic insight into synthesis, functionalization, application but also outlines limits prospects.

Language: Английский

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Dual-responsive biohybrid neutrobots for active target delivery

Science Robotics, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 6(52)

Published: March 17, 2021

A neutrophil-hybrid microrobot is capable of active accumulation close to the brain and penetration across blood-brain barrier.

Language: Английский

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Trapping and detecting nanoplastics by MXene-derived oxide microrobots

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: June 22, 2022

Nanoplastic pollution, the final product of plastic waste fragmentation in environment, represents an increasing concern for scientific community due to easier diffusion and higher hazard associated with their small sizes. Therefore, there is a pressing demand effective strategies quantify remove nanoplastics wastewater. This work presents "on-the-fly" capture three-dimensional (3D) space by multifunctional MXene-derived oxide microrobots further detection. A thermal annealing process used convert Ti3C2Tx MXene into photocatalytic multi-layered TiO2, followed deposition Pt layer decoration magnetic γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles. The γ-Fe2O3/Pt/TiO2 show negative photogravitaxis, resulting powerful fuel-free motion six degrees freedom under light irradiation. Owing unique combination self-propulsion programmable Zeta potential, can quickly attract trap on surface, including slits between multi-layer stacks, allowing collection. Utilized as self-motile preconcentration platforms, they enable nanoplastics' electrochemical detection using low-cost portable electrodes. proof-of-concept study paves way toward "on-site" screening water its successive remediation.

Language: Английский

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Enzyme-Based Mesoporous Nanomotors with Near-Infrared Optical Brakes

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 144(9), P. 3892 - 3901

Published: Feb. 22, 2022

As one of the most important parameters nanomotors' motion, precise speed control enzyme-based nanomotors is highly desirable in many bioapplications. However, owing to stable physiological environment, it still very difficult situ manipulate motion nanomotors. Herein, inspired by brakes on vehicles, near-infrared (NIR) "optical brakes" are introduced glucose-driven mesoporous realize remote regulation for first time. The novel rationally designed and fabricated based Janus nanostructure, which consists SiO2@Au core@shell nanospheres enzymes-modified periodic organosilicas (PMOs). nanomotor can be driven biofuel glucose under catalysis enzymes (glucose oxidase/catalase) PMO domain. Meanwhile, Au nanoshell at domain enables generation local thermal gradient NIR light irradiation, driving thermophoresis. Taking advantage unique directions force induced enzyme thermophoretic photothermal effect opposite. Therefore, with optical regulators, achieve manipulation from 3.46 6.49 μm/s (9.9–18.5 body-length/s) fixed concentration, even after covering a biological tissue. proof concept, cellar uptake such remotely regulated (57.5–109 μg/mg), offers great potential designing smart active drug delivery systems frameworks this nanomotor.

Language: Английский

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Magnetic Microswarm and Fluoroscopy‐Guided Platform for Biofilm Eradication in Biliary Stents

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 34(34)

Published: April 27, 2022

Biofilm eradication from medical implants is of fundamental importance, and the treatment biofilm-associated pathogen infections on inaccessible biliary stents remains challenging. Magnetically driven microrobots with controlled motility, accessibility to tiny lumen, swarm enhancement effects can physically disrupt deleterious biostructures while not developing drug resistance. Magnetic urchin-like capsule robots (MUCRs) loaded magnetic liquid metal droplets (MLMDs, antibacterial agents) are designed using natural sunflower pollen, therapeutic effect swarming MUCR@MLMDs explored for eradicating complex mixtures bacterial biofilm within collected patients. The external field triggers emergence microswarm induces MLMDs transform their shape into spheroids rods sharp edges. inherent microspikes MUCRs obtained edges actively rupture dense biological matrix multiple species embedded cells by exerting mechanical force, finally achieving synergistic eradication. precisely rapidly deployed stent via endoscopy in 10 min. Notably, fluoroscopy imaging used track navigate locomotion real-time. has great potential treating associated implants.

Language: Английский

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Smart micro- and nanorobots for water purification

Nature Reviews Bioengineering, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 1(4), P. 236 - 251

Published: Feb. 6, 2023

Language: Английский

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3D-printed microrobots from design to translation

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Oct. 5, 2022

Microrobots have attracted the attention of scientists owing to their unique features accomplish tasks in hard-to-reach sites human body. can be precisely actuated and maneuvered individually or a swarm for cargo delivery, sampling, surgery, imaging applications. In addition, microrobots found applications environmental sector (e.g., water treatment). Besides, recent advancements three-dimensional (3D) printers enabled high-resolution fabrication with faster design-production turnaround time users limited micromanufacturing skills. Here, latest end 3D printed are reviewed (ranging from biomedical applications) along brief discussion over feasible actuation methods on- off-board), practical printing technologies microrobot fabrication. as future perspective, we discussed potential advantages integration smart materials, conceivable benefits implementation artificial intelligence (AI), well physical (PI). Moreover, order facilitate bench-to-bedside translation microrobots, current challenges impeding clinical elaborated, including entry obstacles immune system attacks) cumbersome standard test procedures ensure biocompatibility.

Language: Английский

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Magnetic torque–driven living microrobots for increased tumor infiltration

Science Robotics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(71)

Published: Oct. 26, 2022

Biohybrid bacteria–based microrobots are increasingly recognized as promising externally controllable vehicles for targeted cancer therapy. Magnetic fields in particular have been used a safe means to transfer energy and direct their motion. Thus far, the magnetic control strategies this context rely on poorly scalable field gradients, require active position feedback, or ill-suited diffuse distributions within body. Here, we present torque–driven scheme enhanced transport through biological barriers that complements innate taxis toward tumor cores exhibited by range of bacteria, shown Magnetospirillum magneticum magnetically responsive model organism. This hybrid strategy is readily scalable, independent applicable bacterial dispersed circulatory system. We observed fourfold increase translocation bacteria across vascular endothelium found primary mechanism driving increased torque-driven surface exploration at cell interface. Using spheroids three-dimensional model, fluorescently labeled colonized core regions with up 21-fold higher signal samples exposed rotating fields. In addition transport, demonstrated our offers further advantages, including possibility closed-loop optimization based inductive detection, well spatially selective actuation reduce off-target effects. Last, after systemic intravenous injection mice, showed significantly accumulation, supporting feasibility deploying clinically biohybrid microrobots.

Language: Английский

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Cell‐Based Delivery Systems: Emerging Carriers for Immunotherapy

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 31(23)

Published: March 25, 2021

Abstract Immunotherapy is leading a paradigm shift in the treatment of various diseases, including tumors, auto‐immune and infectious diseases. However, limited response rate systemic side effects significantly impede clinical applications immunotherapy. As natural carriers for proteins molecules, cells with low immunogenicity toxicity have attracted considerable attention biomedical achieved encouraging progress especially The convergence multiple disciplines has equipped cell‐based delivery systems control over their spatiotemporal distribution to enhance efficacy reduce effects. Here, an overview fundamentals design principles followed by perspective that includes most recent advances as carriers, special focus on implications immunotherapy offered.

Language: Английский

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Real-Time Ultrasound Doppler Tracking and Autonomous Navigation of a Miniature Helical Robot for Accelerating Thrombolysis in Dynamic Blood Flow

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 16(1), P. 604 - 616

Published: Jan. 4, 2022

Untethered small-scale robots offer great promise for medical applications in complex biological environments. However, challenges remain the control and imaging of a robot targeted delivery inside living body, especially flowing conditions (e.g., blood vessels). In this work, we report strategy to autonomously navigate miniature helical dynamic flow under ultrasound Doppler guidance. A magnetic torque force-hybrid approach is implemented, enabling actuation millimeter-scale against rotating field with controllable gradient. Experimental results demonstrate that (length 7.30 mm; diameter 2.15 mm) exhibits controlled navigation vascular environments, including upstream downstream pulsatile rates up 24 mL/min (mean velocity: 14.15 mm/s). During navigation, robot-induced signals enable real-time localization tracking Moreover, can be selectively navigated along different paths by actively controlling robot's orientation. We apply autonomous localizing thrombus accelerating thrombolysis rate. Compared conventional tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) thrombolysis, robot-enhanced shear stress tPA convection near clot-blood interface increase unblocking efficiency 4.8- 3.5-fold, respectively. Such imaging-guided provides simultaneous providing an intelligent toward diagnostic vivo.

Language: Английский

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