Associations of Social Isolation and Loneliness With Later Dementia

Neurology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 99(2)

Published: June 8, 2022

Background and Objectives

To investigate the independent associations of social isolation loneliness with incident dementia to explore potential neurobiological mechanisms.

Methods

We utilized UK Biobank cohort establish Cox proportional hazard models as separate exposures. Demographic (sex, age, ethnicity), socioeconomic (education level, household income, Townsend deprivation index), biological (body mass index, APOE genotype, diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular disease, other), cognitive (speed processing visual memory), behavioral (current smoker, alcohol intake, physical activity), psychological (social or loneliness, depressive symptoms, neuroticism) factors measured at baseline were adjusted. Then, voxel-wise brainwide association analyses used identify gray matter volumes (GMVs) associated loneliness. Partial least squares regression was performed test spatial correlation GMV differences gene expression using Allen Human Brain Atlas.

Results

included 462,619 participants (mean age 57.0 years [SD 8.1]). With a mean follow-up 11.7 (SD 1.7), 4,998 developed all-cause dementia. Social 1.26-fold increased risk (95% CI, 1.15–1.37) independently various including depression (i.e., full adjustment). However, fully adjusted ratio for related 1.04 0.94–1.16) 75% this relationship attributable symptoms. Structural MRI data obtained from 32,263 63.5 7.5]). Socially isolated individuals had lower GMVs in temporal, frontal, other (e.g., hippocampal) regions. Mediation analysis showed that identified partly mediated between function follow-up. isolation–related underexpression genes are downregulated Alzheimer disease involved mitochondrial dysfunction oxidative phosphorylation.

Discussion

is factor many covariates. brain structural coupled different molecular functions also support cognition may thus be an early indicator

Language: Английский

---

Neurobiology of loneliness: a systematic review

Neuropsychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 46(11), P. 1873 - 1887

Published: July 6, 2021

Language: Английский

---

SARS-CoV-2 is associated with changes in brain structure in UK Biobank

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 15, 2021

Abstract There is strong evidence for brain-related abnormalities in COVID-19 1–13 . It remains unknown however whether the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection can be detected milder cases, and this reveal possible mechanisms contributing to brain pathology. Here, we investigated changes 785 UK Biobank participants (aged 51–81) imaged twice, including 401 cases who tested positive with between their two scans, 141 days on average separating diagnosis second scan, 384 controls. The availability pre-infection imaging data reduces likelihood pre-existing risk factors being misinterpreted as disease effects. We identified significant longitudinal effects when comparing groups, including: (i) greater reduction grey matter thickness tissue-contrast orbitofrontal cortex parahippocampal gyrus, (ii) markers tissue damage regions functionally-connected primary olfactory cortex, (iii) global size. infected also showed larger cognitive decline timepoints. Importantly, these were still seen after excluding 15 had been hospitalised. These mainly limbic results may vivo hallmarks a degenerative spread via pathways, neuroinflammatory events, or loss sensory input due anosmia. Whether deleterious partially reversed, will persist long term, additional follow up.

Language: Английский

---

The neural circuitry of social homeostasis: Consequences of acute versus chronic social isolation

Cell, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 184(6), P. 1500 - 1516

Published: March 1, 2021

Social homeostasis is the ability of individuals to detect quantity and quality social contact, compare it an established set-point in a command center, adjust effort expended seek optimal contact expressed via effector system. becomes positive or negative valence stimulus when deficient excess, respectively. Chronic deficits lead adaptations such that reintroduction previous optimum experienced as surplus. Here, we build upon models for include lasting changes environmental conditions, with chronic isolation.

Language: Английский

---

Association of Loneliness With 10-Year Dementia Risk and Early Markers of Vulnerability for Neurocognitive Decline

Neurology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 98(13)

Published: Feb. 7, 2022

Loneliness is common, and its prevalence rising. The relationship of loneliness with subsequent dementia the early preclinical course Alzheimer disease related (ADRD) remains unclear. Thus, primary objective this study was to determine association 10-year all-cause risk cognitive neuroanatomic imaging markers ADRD vulnerability.

Language: Английский

---

Social isolation and the brain in the pandemic era

Nature Human Behaviour, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 6(10), P. 1333 - 1343

Published: Oct. 18, 2022

Language: Английский

---

A comprehensive review on early detection of Alzheimer's disease using various deep learning techniques

Frontiers in Computer Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 6

Published: Jan. 10, 2025

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a type of brain that makes it hard for someone to perform daily tasks. Early diagnosis and classification the condition are thought be essential study areas due speedy progression in people living with dementia absence precise diagnostic procedures. One main aims researchers correctly identify early stages AD so can prevented or significantly reduced. The objective current review thoroughly examine most recent work on detection using deep learning (DL) approach. This paper examined purpose an AD, various neuroimaging modalities, pre-processing methods were employed, maintenance data, used classifying from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images, publicly available datasets, data fed into models. A comparative analysis different DL techniques performed. Further, discussed challenges involved detection.

Language: Английский

---

Social exclusion reliably engages the default network: A meta-analysis of Cyberball

NeuroImage, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 227, P. 117666 - 117666

Published: Dec. 29, 2020

Social exclusion refers to the experience of being disregarded or rejected by others and has wide-ranging negative consequences for well-being cognition. Cyberball, a game where ball is virtually tossed between players, then leads research participant, common method used examine social exclusion. The neural correlates remain topic debate, particularly with regards role dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) concept pain. Here we conducted quantitative meta-analysis using activation likelihood estimation (ALE) identify brain activity reliably engaged during Cyberball task performance (Studies = 53; total N 1,817 participants). Results revealed consistent recruitment in ventral posterior cortex, inferior superior frontal gyri, insula, occipital pole. No reliable was observed dACC. Using probabilistic atlas define dACC, fewer than 15% studies reported peak coordinates Meta-analytic connectivity mapping suggests patterns co-activation are topography default network. Reverse inference cognition associated computed Neurosynth be cognitive terms Social, Autobiographical, Mental States, Theory Mind. Taken together, these findings highlight network warns against interpretations dACC as key region involved humans.

Language: Английский

---

Loneliness and the Social Brain: How Perceived Social Isolation Impairs Human Interactions

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 8(21)

Published: Sept. 20, 2021

Loneliness is a painful condition associated with increased risk for premature mortality. The formation of new, positive social relationships can alleviate feelings loneliness, but requires rapid trustworthiness decisions during initial encounters and it still unclear how loneliness hinders interpersonal trust. Here, multimodal approach including behavioral, psychophysiological, hormonal, neuroimaging measurements used to probe trust-based mechanism underlying impaired interactions in loneliness. Pre-stratified healthy individuals high scores (n = 42 out screened sample 3678 adults) show reduced oxytocinergic affective responsiveness conversation, report less trust, prefer larger distances compared controls 40). Moreover, lonely are rated as trustworthy identified by the blinded confederate better than chance. During trust decisions, exhibit attenuated limbic striatal activation blunted functional connectivity between anterior insula occipitoparietal regions, which correlates diminished interaction. This neural response pattern not mediated loneliness-associated psychological symptoms. Thus, results indicate compromised integration trust-related information shared neurobiological component yielding reciprocally reinforced bias dyads.

Language: Английский

---

Social complexity and the fractal structure of group size in primate social evolution

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 96(5), P. 1889 - 1906

Published: May 4, 2021

ABSTRACT Compared to most other mammals and birds, anthropoid primates have unusually complex societies characterised by bonded social groups. Among primates, this effect is encapsulated in the brain hypothesis: robust correlation between various indices of complexity (social group size, grooming clique tactical behaviour, coalition formation) size. Hitherto, has always been interpreted as a simple, unitary relationship. Using data for five different volume from four independent databases, we show that distribution size plotted against best described set distinct, very narrowly defined grades which are unrelated phylogeny. The allocation genera these highly consistent across sets indices. We correspond progressive evolution In addition, show, those species live multilevel systems, typical sizes grouping levels each case coincide with grades. This suggests demographic attractors especially stable. cognitive indices, correlate increasing skills, suggesting demands managing cohesion increase progressively argue themselves represent glass ceilings on animals' capacity maintain spatial coherence during foraging that, order evolve more groups, be able invest costly forms cognition.

Language: Английский

---