Central regulation of stress-evoked peripheral immune responses

Nature reviews. Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(10), P. 591 - 604

Published: Aug. 25, 2023

Language: Английский

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The end game: respecting major sources of population diversity

Nature Methods, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 20(8), P. 1122 - 1128

Published: March 3, 2023

Human neuroscience is enjoying burgeoning population data resources: large-scale cohorts with thousands of participant profiles gene expression, brain scanning and sociodemographic measures. The depth phenotyping puts us in a better position than ever to fully embrace major sources diversity as effects interest illuminate mechanisms underlying health.

Language: Английский

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Restoring the missing person to personalized medicine and precision psychiatry

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17

Published: Feb. 9, 2023

Precision psychiatry has emerged as part of the shift to personalized medicine and builds on frameworks such U.S. National Institute Mental Health Research Domain Criteria (RDoC), multilevel biological “omics” data and, most recently, computational psychiatry. The is prompted by realization that a one-size-fits all approach inadequate guide clinical care because people differ in ways are not captured broad diagnostic categories. One first steps developing this treatment was use genetic markers pharmacotherapeutics based predictions pharmacological response or non-response, potential risk adverse drug reactions. Advances technology have made greater degree specificity precision potentially more attainable. To date, however, search for largely focused parameters. Psychiatric disorders involve multi-level dynamics require measures phenomenological, psychological, behavioral, social structural, cultural dimensions. This points need develop fine-grained analyses experience, self-construal, illness narratives, interpersonal interactional dynamics, contexts determinants health. In paper, we review limitations arguing it cannot reach its goal if does include core elements processes give rise psychopathological states, which agency experience person. Drawing from contemporary systems biology, epidemiology, developmental psychology, cognitive science, propose cultural-ecosocial integrating with person-centered care.

Language: Английский

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(R)-ketamine restores anterior insular cortex activity and cognitive deficits in social isolation-reared mice

Molecular Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 29(5), P. 1406 - 1416

Published: Feb. 23, 2024

Abstract Chronic social isolation increases the risk of mental health problems, including cognitive impairments and depression. While subanesthetic ketamine is considered effective for in patients with depression, neural mechanisms underlying its effects are not well understood. Here we identified unique activation anterior insular cortex (aIC) as a characteristic feature brain-wide regions mice reared treated ( R )-ketamine, enantiomer. Using fiber photometry recording on freely moving mice, found that attenuates aIC neuronal upon contact but S able to counteracts this reduction. )-ketamine facilitated cognition isolation-reared during memory test. inactivation offset effect memory. Our results suggest has promising potential an intervention deficits by restoring function.

Language: Английский

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Social Isolation, Brain Food Cue Processing, Eating Behaviors, and Mental Health Symptoms

JAMA Network Open, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7(4), P. e244855 - e244855

Published: April 4, 2024

Importance Perceived social isolation is associated with negative health outcomes, including increased risk for altered eating behaviors, obesity, and psychological symptoms. However, the underlying neural mechanisms of these pathways are unknown. Objective To investigate association perceived brain reactivity to food cues, mental Design, Setting, Participants This cross-sectional, single-center study recruited healthy, premenopausal female participants from Los Angeles, California, community September 7, 2021, through February 27, 2023. Exposure underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing a cue viewing task. Main Outcomes Measures The main outcomes included body composition, self-reported behaviors (food cravings, reward-based eating, addiction, maladaptive behaviors), symptoms (anxiety, depression, positive affect, resilience). Results 93 (mean [SD] age, 25.38 [7.07] years). higher reported fat mass percentage, lower diet quality, (cravings, uncontrolled addiction), poor In whole-brain comparisons, group showed cues in regions default mode, executive control, visual attention networks. Isolation-related changes response sweet foods correlated various These responses mediated connection between (β indirect effect, 0.111; 95% CI, 0.013-0.210; P = .03), composition (β, −0.141; −0.260 −0.021; .02), diminished affect −0.089; −0.188 0.011; .09). Conclusions Relevance findings suggest that within specific responsible processing internal appetite-related states compromised control attentional bias motivation toward external cues. were an worsened health. underscore need holistic mind-body–directed interventions may mitigate adverse consequences isolation.

Language: Английский

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Age-Related Hearing Loss, Cognitive Decline, and Social Interaction: Testing a Framework

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 67(8), P. 2743 - 2760

Published: July 12, 2024

Purpose: Aging increases risk for hearing loss, cognitive decline, and social isolation; however, the nature of their interconnection remains unclear. This study examined interplay between age-related isolation in adults by testing ability to understand speech background noise, a challenge frequently reported many older adults. Method: We analyzed data collected from 128 (20–79 years age, M age = 51 years) recruited as part Brain Cohort at University South Carolina repository. The participants underwent hearing, cognition, interaction, which included pure-tone audiometry, words-in-noise (WIN) test, questionnaire (Speech, Spatial Qualities Hearing Scale [SSQ12]), (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System-57 Social), Montreal Cognitive Assessment. used single average (PTA) threshold value WIN each participant because there were no differences on left right ears. Results: Poorer was significantly associated with through both PTA thresholds, stronger association observed threshold. Adults poorer also exhibited greater isolation, evidenced SSQ12 score, although not PTA. connection more pronounced than score. Cognition related suggesting that is affected words noise cognition nondemented population. Conclusions: Understanding challenging auditory environments rather mere detection strongly linked decline. Thus, inclusion word-recognition-in-noise test survey clinical settings warranted. Supplemental Material: https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.26237060

Language: Английский

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The Increase in Childhood Obesity and Its Association with Hypertension during Pandemics

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(18), P. 5909 - 5909

Published: Sept. 12, 2023

There has been a major ongoing health impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children’s lives, including lifestyle and overall health. Enforcement prevention measures, such as school closures social distancing, significantly affected daily routines activities. This perspective manuscript aims to explore rise in childhood obesity its association with hypertension during pandemics. The led significant disruptions routines, reduced physical activity, increased sedentary behavior, changes dietary patterns. These factors, coupled psychological pandemic, have contributed an alarming increase rates. paper highlighted concerning caused by behaviors, patterns, these conditions. It is crucial recognize long-term consequences urgent need for comprehensive approach address them.

Language: Английский

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Four errors and a fallacy: pitfalls for the unwary in comparative brain analyses

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 98(4), P. 1278 - 1309

Published: March 31, 2023

ABSTRACT Comparative analyses are the backbone of evolutionary analysis. However, their record in producing a consensus has not always been good. This is especially true attempts to understand factors responsible for evolution large brains, which have embroiled an increasingly polarised debate over past three decades. We argue that most these disputes arise from number conceptual errors and associated logical fallacies result failure adopt biological systems‐based approach hypothesis‐testing. identify four principal classes error: heed Tinbergen's Four Questions when testing hypotheses, misapplying Dobzhansky's Dictum hypotheses adaptation, poorly chosen behavioural proxies underlying use inappropriate statistical methods. In interests progress, we urge more careful considered comparative analyses, adoption broader, rather than narrower, taxonomic perspective.

Language: Английский

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Fostering wellbeing and healthy lifestyles through conviviality and commensality: Underappreciated benefits of the Mediterranean Diet

Nutrition Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 126, P. 46 - 57

Published: March 22, 2024

Among the often-neglected features of healthy diets, such as Mediterranean one is preparation and sharing food, which (or was) done in a social environment governed by rules rather than time constraints. The act eating daily human practice that not limited to meeting nutritional energy needs but also involves constructed dimension meals part process civilisation food cultures around world. In this narrative review we outline importance conviviality driving health effects healthful with special reference diet. Based on available evidence, suggest public initiatives (such nudging promote conviviality) improve people's living styles, reduce loneliness, could health. Interventions aimed at directly increasing/improving relationships, networking, can - indirectly both psychological well-being general

Language: Английский

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The association of living alone and social isolation with sarcopenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Ageing Research Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 91, P. 102043 - 102043

Published: Aug. 28, 2023

Language: Английский

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