SARS-CoV-2 variant biology: immune escape, transmission and fitness

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 18, 2023

In late 2020, after circulating for almost a year in the human population, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) exhibited major step change its adaptation to humans. These highly mutated forms of SARS-CoV-2 had enhanced rates transmission relative previous variants and were termed 'variants concern' (VOCs). Designated Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta Omicron, VOCs emerged independently from one another, turn each rapidly became dominant, regionally or globally, outcompeting variants. The success VOC previously dominant variant was enabled by altered intrinsic functional properties virus and, various degrees, changes antigenicity conferring ability evade primed immune response. increased fitness associated with is result complex interplay biology context changing immunity due both vaccination prior infection. this Review, we summarize literature on transmissibility variants, role mutations at furin spike cleavage site non-spike proteins, potential importance recombination success, evolution T cells, innate population immunity. shows complicated relationship among antigenicity, virulence, which has unpredictable implications future trajectory disease burden COVID-19.

Language: Английский

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Recurrent emergence of SARS-CoV-2 spike deletion H69/V70 and its role in the Alpha variant B.1.1.7

Cell Reports, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 35(13), P. 109292 - 109292

Published: June 1, 2021

We report severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike ΔH69/V70 in multiple independent lineages, often occurring after acquisition of receptor binding motif replacements such as N439K and Y453F, known to increase affinity the ACE2 confer antibody escape. In vitro, we show that, although itself is not an evasion mechanism, it increases infectivity associated with enhanced incorporation cleaved into virions. able partially rescue proteins that have acquired Y453F escape mutations by increased incorporation. addition, replacement H69 V70 residues Alpha variant B.1.1.7 (where occurs naturally) impairs entry efficiency pseudotyped virus. mediates faster kinetics cell-cell fusion than wild-type Wuhan-1 D614G, dependent on ΔH69/V70. Therefore, compensates for immune impair infectivity, continued surveillance deletions functional effects warranted.

Language: Английский

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Bat coronaviruses related to SARS-CoV-2 and infectious for human cells

Nature, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 604(7905), P. 330 - 336

Published: Feb. 16, 2022

Language: Английский

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The emergence, genomic diversity and global spread of SARS-CoV-2

Nature, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 600(7889), P. 408 - 418

Published: Dec. 8, 2021

Language: Английский

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Identification of novel bat coronaviruses sheds light on the evolutionary origins of SARS-CoV-2 and related viruses

Cell, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 184(17), P. 4380 - 4391.e14

Published: June 9, 2021

Language: Английский

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Lessons learned 1 year after SARS-CoV-2 emergence leading to COVID-19 pandemic

Emerging Microbes & Infections, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(1), P. 507 - 535

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

Without modern medical management and vaccines, the severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) might approach magnitude 1894-plague (12 million deaths) 1918-A(H1N1) influenza (50 pandemics. The COVID-19 was heralded 2003 SARS epidemic which led to discovery human civet SARS-CoV-1, bat SARS-related-CoVs, Middle East (MERS)-related CoV HKU4 HKU5, other novel animal coronaviruses. suspected animal-to-human jumping 4 betacoronaviruses including coronaviruses OC43(1890), SARS-CoV-1(2003), MERS-CoV(2012), SARS-CoV-2(2019) indicates their significant potential. presence a large reservoir in bats wild mammals, culture mixing selling them urban markets with suboptimal hygiene, habit eating exotic mammals highly populated areas, rapid frequent air travels from these areas are perfect ingredients for brewing rapidly exploding epidemics. possibility emergence hypothetical SARS-CoV-3 or viruses animals laboratories, therefore needs global preparedness should not be ignored. We reviewed representative publications on epidemiology, virology, clinical manifestations, pathology, laboratory diagnostics, treatment, vaccination, infection control as 20 January 2021, is 1 year after person-to-person transmission SARS-CoV-2 announced. difficulties mass testing, labour-intensive contact tracing, importance compliance universal masking, low efficacy antiviral treatment disease, possibilities vaccine antiviral-resistant virus variants becoming another common cold discussed.

Language: Английский

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Mosaic RBD nanoparticles protect against challenge by diverse sarbecoviruses in animal models

Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 377(6606)

Published: July 5, 2022

To combat future severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants and spillovers of SARS-like betacoronaviruses (sarbecoviruses) threatening global health, we designed mosaic nanoparticles that present randomly arranged sarbecovirus spike receptor-binding domains (RBDs) to elicit antibodies against epitopes are conserved relatively occluded rather than variable, immunodominant, exposed. We compared immune responses elicited by mosaic-8 (SARS-CoV-2 seven animal sarbecoviruses) homotypic (only SARS-CoV-2) RBD in mice macaques observed stronger mismatched (not on nanoparticles) strains, including SARS-CoV sarbecoviruses. Mosaic-8 immunization showed equivalent neutralization SARS-CoV-2 variants, Omicrons, protected from challenges, whereas only challenge. Epitope mapping demonstrated increased targeting after immunization. Together, these results suggest could protect spillovers.

Language: Английский

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ACE2 binding is an ancestral and evolvable trait of sarbecoviruses

Nature, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 603(7903), P. 913 - 918

Published: Feb. 3, 2022

Two different sarbecoviruses have caused major human outbreaks in the past two decades

Language: Английский

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Exploring the Natural Origins of SARS-CoV-2 in the Light of Recombination

Genome Biology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2022

Abstract The lack of an identifiable intermediate host species for the proximal animal ancestor SARS-CoV-2, and large geographical distance between Wuhan where closest evolutionary related coronaviruses circulating in horseshoe bats (members Sarbecovirus subgenus) have been identified, is fueling speculation on natural origins SARS-CoV-2. We performed a comprehensive phylogenetic study SARS-CoV-2 all bat pangolin sarbecoviruses sampled so far. Determining likely recombination events reveals highly reticulate history within this group coronaviruses. Distribution inferred nonrandom with evidence that Spike, main target humoral immunity, beside hotspot driving antigenic shift ancestry sarbecoviruses. Coupled geographic ranges their hosts sampling locations, across southern China, into Southeast Asia, we confirm bats, Rhinolophus, are reservoir progenitor. By tracing recombinant sequence patterns, conclude there has relatively recent movement cocirculation these viruses’ ancestors, extending China Asia over last 100 years. direct to not yet sampled, since known relatives collected Yunnan shared common approximately 40 years ago. Our analysis highlights need dramatically more wildlife to: 1) pinpoint exact SARS-CoV-2’s progenitor, 2) facilitated transmission from humans (if one), 3) survey extent diversity sarbecoviruses’ phylogeny present high risk future spillovers.

Language: Английский

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Two Years into the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons Learned

ACS Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 8(9), P. 1758 - 1814

Published: Aug. 8, 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly transmissible and virulent human-infecting that emerged in late December 2019 Wuhan, China, causing disease called (COVID-19), which has massively impacted global public health caused widespread disruption to daily life. The crisis by COVID-19 mobilized scientists authorities across the world rapidly improve our knowledge about this devastating disease, shedding light on its management control, spawned development of new countermeasures. Here we provide an overview state art gained last years virus COVID-19, including origin natural reservoir hosts, viral etiology, epidemiology, modes transmission, clinical manifestations, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, emerging variants, vaccines, highlighting important differences from previously known pathogenic coronaviruses. We also discuss selected key discoveries each topic underline gaps for future investigations.

Language: Английский

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