Coronaviruses with a SARS-CoV-2-like receptor-binding domain allowing ACE2-mediated entry into human cells isolated from bats of Indochinese peninsula DOI Creative Commons
Sarah Temmam, Khamsing Vongphayloth, Eduard Baquero

et al.

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 17, 2021

Abstract The animal reservoir of SARS-CoV-2 is unknown despite reports various SARS-CoV-2-related viruses in Asian Rhinolophus bats, including the closest virus from R. affinis, RaTG13. Several studies have suggested involvement pangolin coronaviruses emergence. presents a mosaic genome, to which different progenitors contribute. spike sequence determines binding affinity and accessibility its receptor-binding domain (RBD) cellular angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor responsible for host range. progenitor bat genetically close able enter human cells through ACE2 pathway not yet been identified, though they would be key understanding origin epidemics. Here we show that such indeed circulate cave bats living limestone karstic terrain North Laos, within Indochinese peninsula. We found RBDs these differ by only one or two residues, bind as efficiently hACE2 protein Wuhan strain isolated early cases, mediate hACE2-dependent entry into cells, inhibited antibodies neutralizing SARS-CoV-2. None harbors furin cleavage site spike. Our findings therefore indicate bat-borne SARS-CoV-2-like potentially infectious humans spp.

Language: Английский

The origins of SARS-CoV-2: A critical review DOI Creative Commons
Edward C. Holmes, Stephen A. Goldstein, Angela L. Rasmussen

et al.

Cell, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 184(19), P. 4848 - 4856

Published: Aug. 19, 2021

Language: Английский

Citations

450
Bat coronaviruses related to SARS-CoV-2 and infectious for human cells DOI Open Access
Sarah Temmam, Khamsing Vongphayloth, Eduard Baquero

et al.

Nature, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 604(7905), P. 330 - 336

Published: Feb. 16, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

396
The emergence, genomic diversity and global spread of SARS-CoV-2 DOI Open Access
Juan Li, Shengjie Lai, George F. Gao

et al.

Nature, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 600(7889), P. 408 - 418

Published: Dec. 8, 2021

Language: Английский

Citations

351
SARS-CoV-2: from its discovery to genome structure, transcription, and replication DOI Creative Commons
Ayslan Castro Brant, Wei Tian, Vladimır Majerčiak

et al.

Cell & Bioscience, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: July 19, 2021

Abstract SARS-CoV-2 is an extremely contagious respiratory virus causing adult atypical pneumonia COVID-19 with severe acute syndrome (SARS). has a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA (+RNA) genome of ~ 29.9 kb and exhibits significant genetic shift from different isolates. After entering the susceptible cells expressing both ACE2 TMPRSS2, directly functions as mRNA to translate two polyproteins ORF1a ORF1b region, which are cleaved by viral proteases into sixteen non-structural proteins (nsp1-16) initiate replication transcription. The also encodes four structural (S, E, M N) up six accessory (3a, 6, 7a, 7b, 8, 9b) proteins, but their translation requires newly synthesized individual subgenomic RNAs (sgRNA) in infected cells. Synthesis full-length genomic (gRNA) sgRNAs conducted inside double-membrane vesicles (DMVs) transcription complex (RTC), comprises nsp7, nsp8, nsp9, nsp12, nsp13 short primer. To produce sgRNAs, RTC starts synthesis highly structured gRNA 3' end switches template at various regulatory sequence (TRS B ) sites along body probably mediated long-distance RNA–RNA interaction. TRS motif 5' leader L responsible for interaction upstream each ORF skipping between them sgRNAs. Abundance depend on location read-through efficiency . Although more studies needed, unprecedented pandemic taught world painful lesson that invest proactively prepare future emergence other types coronaviruses any possible biological horrors.

Language: Английский

Citations

222
Ecology, evolution and spillover of coronaviruses from bats DOI Creative Commons
Manuel Ruiz‐Aravena, Clifton McKee, Amandine Gamble

et al.

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 20(5), P. 299 - 314

Published: Nov. 19, 2021

In the past two decades, three coronaviruses with ancestral origins in bats have emerged and caused widespread outbreaks humans, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Since first SARS epidemic 2002–2003, appreciation of as key hosts zoonotic has advanced rapidly. More than 4,000 sequences from 14 bat families been identified, yet true diversity is probably much greater. Given that are likely evolutionary source for several human coronaviruses, strains cause mild upper tract disease, their role historic future pandemics requires ongoing investigation. We review integrate information on bat–coronavirus interactions at molecular, tissue, host population levels. identify critical gaps knowledge which relate to spillover pandemic risk, pathways spillover, infection dynamics within reservoir hosts, prior adaptation intermediate transmission viral genotypes or traits predict capacity potential. Filling these may help prevent next pandemic. Bats harbour a multitude owing wide distribution prime emerging viruses. Ruiz-Aravena, McKee colleagues analyse currently available discuss recent potential spillovers.

Language: Английский

Citations

202
Mosaic RBD nanoparticles protect against challenge by diverse sarbecoviruses in animal models DOI
Alexander A. Cohen, Neeltje van Doremalen, Allison J. Greaney

et al.

Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 377(6606)

Published: July 5, 2022

To combat future severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants and spillovers of SARS-like betacoronaviruses (sarbecoviruses) threatening global health, we designed mosaic nanoparticles that present randomly arranged sarbecovirus spike receptor-binding domains (RBDs) to elicit antibodies against epitopes are conserved relatively occluded rather than variable, immunodominant, exposed. We compared immune responses elicited by mosaic-8 (SARS-CoV-2 seven animal sarbecoviruses) homotypic (only SARS-CoV-2) RBD in mice macaques observed stronger mismatched (not on nanoparticles) strains, including SARS-CoV sarbecoviruses. Mosaic-8 immunization showed equivalent neutralization SARS-CoV-2 variants, Omicrons, protected from challenges, whereas only challenge. Epitope mapping demonstrated increased targeting after immunization. Together, these results suggest could protect spillovers.

Language: Английский

Citations

195
A novel SARS-CoV-2 related coronavirus in bats from Cambodia DOI Creative Commons
Déborah Delaune, Vibol Hul, Erik A. Karlsson

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Nov. 9, 2021

Abstract Knowledge of the origin and reservoir coronavirus responsible for ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is still fragmentary. To date, closest relatives to SARS-CoV-2 have been detected in Rhinolophus bats sampled Yunnan province, China. Here we describe identification related coronaviruses two shameli Cambodia 2010. Metagenomic sequencing identifies nearly identical viruses sharing 92.6% nucleotide identity with SARS-CoV-2. Most genomic regions are closely SARS-CoV-2, exception a region spike, which not compatible human ACE2-mediated entry. The discovery these bat species found China indicates that much wider geographic distribution than previously reported, suggests Southeast Asia represents key area consider future surveillance coronaviruses.

Language: Английский

Citations

187
Virome characterization of game animals in China reveals a spectrum of emerging pathogens DOI Creative Commons
Wanting He, Xin Hou, Jin Zhao

et al.

Cell, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 185(7), P. 1117 - 1129.e8

Published: Feb. 16, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

175
ACE2 binding is an ancestral and evolvable trait of sarbecoviruses DOI Creative Commons
Tyler N. Starr, Samantha K. Zepeda, Alexandra C. Walls

et al.

Nature, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 603(7903), P. 913 - 918

Published: Feb. 3, 2022

Two different sarbecoviruses have caused major human outbreaks in the past two decades

Language: Английский

Citations

174
Exploring the Natural Origins of SARS-CoV-2 in the Light of Recombination DOI Creative Commons
Spyros Lytras, Joseph Hughes, Darren P. Martin

et al.

Genome Biology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2022

Abstract The lack of an identifiable intermediate host species for the proximal animal ancestor SARS-CoV-2, and large geographical distance between Wuhan where closest evolutionary related coronaviruses circulating in horseshoe bats (members Sarbecovirus subgenus) have been identified, is fueling speculation on natural origins SARS-CoV-2. We performed a comprehensive phylogenetic study SARS-CoV-2 all bat pangolin sarbecoviruses sampled so far. Determining likely recombination events reveals highly reticulate history within this group coronaviruses. Distribution inferred nonrandom with evidence that Spike, main target humoral immunity, beside hotspot driving antigenic shift ancestry sarbecoviruses. Coupled geographic ranges their hosts sampling locations, across southern China, into Southeast Asia, we confirm bats, Rhinolophus, are reservoir progenitor. By tracing recombinant sequence patterns, conclude there has relatively recent movement cocirculation these viruses’ ancestors, extending China Asia over last 100 years. direct to not yet sampled, since known relatives collected Yunnan shared common approximately 40 years ago. Our analysis highlights need dramatically more wildlife to: 1) pinpoint exact SARS-CoV-2’s progenitor, 2) facilitated transmission from humans (if one), 3) survey extent diversity sarbecoviruses’ phylogeny present high risk future spillovers.

Language: Английский

Citations

137