Increasing Incidence of Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer

New England Journal of Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 386(16), P. 1547 - 1558

Published: April 20, 2022

Early-onset disease (at <50 years of age) accounts for 10% colorectal cancer cases, and the incidence is increasing, particularly in high-income countries. Patients often present with advanced left colon. One six patients has deficient DNA mismatch repair. Screening now recommended to begin at 45 age.

Language: Английский

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Integrated metagenomic and metabolomic analysis reveals distinct gut-microbiome-derived phenotypes in early-onset colorectal cancer

Gut, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 72(6), P. 1129 - 1142

Published: Aug. 11, 2022

Objective The incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer (EO-CRC) is steadily increasing. Here, we aimed to characterise the interactions between gut microbiome, metabolites and microbial enzymes in EO-CRC patients evaluate their potential as non-invasive biomarkers for EO-CRC. Design We performed metagenomic metabolomic analyses, identified multiomics markers constructed CRC classifiers discovery cohort with 130 late-onset (LO-CRC), 114 subjects age-matched healthy controls (97 LO-Control 100 EO-Control). An independent 38 LO-CRC, 24 EO-CRC, 22 LO-Controls EO-Controls was analysed validate results. Results Compared controls, reduced alpha-diversity apparent both, LO-CRC subjects. Although common variations existed, integrative analyses distinct microbiome–metabolome associations Fusobacterium nucleatum enrichment short-chain fatty acid depletion, including GABA biosynthesis a shift acetate/acetaldehyde metabolism towards acetyl-CoA production characterises LO-CRC. In comparison, signatures tended be associated enriched Flavonifractor plauti increased tryptophan, bile choline metabolism. Notably, elevated red meat intake-related species, KEGG orthology (KO) pldB cbh gene axis may tumour stimulators predictive model based on metagenomic, KO achieved powerful classification performance distinguishing from controls. Conclusion Our large-sample data suggest that altered interplay helps explain pathogenesis microbiome-derived promising tools could used accurate detection distinction individuals

Language: Английский

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A Review of Gut Microbiota‐Derived Metabolites in Tumor Progression and Cancer Therapy

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(15)

Published: March 23, 2023

Abstract Gut microbiota‐derived metabolites are key hubs connecting the gut microbiome and cancer progression, primarily by remodeling tumor microenvironment regulating signaling pathways in cells multiple immune cells. The use of microbial radiotherapy chemotherapy mitigates severe side effects from treatment improves efficacy treatment. Immunotherapy combined with effectively activates system to kill tumors overcomes drug resistance. Consequently, various novel strategies have been developed modulate metabolites. Manipulation genes involved metabolism using synthetic biology approaches directly affects levels metabolites, while fecal transplantation phage affect altering composition microbiome. However, some harbor paradoxical functions depending on context (e.g., type cancer). Furthermore, metabolic microorganisms certain anticancer drugs such as irinotecan gemcitabine, render ineffective or exacerbate their adverse effects. Therefore, a personalized comprehensive consideration patient's condition is required when employing treat cancer. purpose this review summarize correlation between cancer, provide fresh ideas for future scientific research.

Language: Английский

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Early-Onset Cancer in the Gastrointestinal Tract Is on the Rise—Evidence and Implications

Cancer Discovery, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(3), P. 538 - 551

Published: Feb. 9, 2023

Epidemiologic data indicate a significant increase in the incidence of colorectal cancer younger populations past three decades. Moreover, recent evidence also demonstrates similar trend gastric, pancreatic, and biliary tract cancers. A majority these early-onset cases are sporadic lack hereditary or familial background, implying potential key role for behavioral, lifestyle, nutritional, microbial, environmental factors. This review explores current on gastrointestinal cancer, exploring etiology, unique treatment considerations this population, future challenges, as well implications research practice. The worrisome an increasing cancers appears to be correlated with nonhereditary etiologies which factors, host mechanisms, may play role. Further epidemiologic pathogenetic is urgently needed better understand underlying mechanisms develop preventive strategies tailored early detection. Young patients face challenges unmet needs. These must addressed management disease minimize treatment-related somatic morbidity prevent psychosocial sequelae.

Language: Английский

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Colorectal Cancer: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Prevention

Cancers, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(8), P. 1530 - 1530

Published: April 17, 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common and second cause of mortality worldwide. There are disparities in epidemiology CRC across different populations, probably due to differences exposure lifestyle environmental factors related CRC. Prevention effective method for controlling Primary prevention includes determining avoiding modifiable risk (e.g., alcohol consumption, smoking, dietary factors) as well increasing protective physical activity, aspirin). Further studies, especially randomized, controlled trials, needed clarify association between incidence or factors. Detection removal precancerous colorectal lesions also an strategy Multiple factors, both at individual community levels patient preferences, availability screening modalities, costs, benefits, adverse events), should be taken into account designing implementing programs. Health policymakers consider best decision identifying starting age selection strategies target population. This review aims present updated evidence on epidemiology,

Language: Английский

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Gut OncoMicrobiome Signatures (GOMS) as next-generation biomarkers for cancer immunotherapy

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 20(9), P. 583 - 603

Published: June 26, 2023

Language: Английский

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Colorectal Cancer: From Risk Factors to Oncogenesis

Medicina, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 59(9), P. 1646 - 1646

Published: Sept. 12, 2023

Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Numerous pathophysiological mechanisms, such as abnormal cell proliferation, differentiation, resistance to apoptosis, invasion structures adjacent colorectal tumor cells, and distant metastasis, are involved in carcinogenesis. These processes initiated by complex interaction a number genetic environmental factors, including sedentary lifestyle, obesity, alcohol consumption, smoking, or gut microbiota. Despite significant progress achieved diagnostic therapeutic management patients with cancer, there has been recently noteworthy increase incidence individuals below age 50 years. Early-onset different frequency oncogenic mutations, higher prevalence mucinous histology, distinct deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation profile, more distal location, lower survival rates. A improvement prognosis these can be through detection removal modifiable risk along implementation personalized screening strategies for at high this malignancy. Furthermore, gaining comprehension mechanisms which factors contribute process oncogenesis may facilitate discovery novel targets.

Language: Английский

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Colorectal cancer

The Lancet, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 404(10449), P. 294 - 310

Published: June 20, 2024

Language: Английский

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Urea cycle activation triggered by host-microbiota maladaptation driving colorectal tumorigenesis

Cell Metabolism, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 35(4), P. 651 - 666.e7

Published: March 23, 2023

Language: Английский

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Colorectal cancer and gut microbiota studies in China

Gut Microbes, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: July 23, 2023

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignant tumor worldwide. The incidence and mortality rates of CRC have been increasing in China, possibly due to economic development, lifestyle, dietary changes. Evidence suggests that gut microbiota plays an essential role tumorigenesis CRC. Gut dysbiosis, specific pathogenic microbes, metabolites, virulence factors, microbial carcinogenic mechanisms contribute initiation progression biomarkers potential translational applications screening early diagnosis. microbiota-related interventions could improve anti-tumor therapy's efficacy severe intestinal toxic effects. Chinese researchers made many achievements relationship between CRC, although some challenges remain. This review summarizes current evidence from China on mainly including characteristics, especially Fusobacterium nucleatum Parvimonas micra, which identified be enriched patients; pathogens such as F. enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis, P. scientists extensively studied; diagnostic nucleatum; therapeutic effects, microecological agents represented by certain Lactobacillus strains, fecal transplantation, traditional medicines Berberine Curcumin. More efforts should focused exploring underlying pathogenesis providing novel preventive strategies.

Language: Английский

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