Electrochemical Water Splitting: Bridging the Gaps Between Fundamental Research and Industrial Applications

Energy & environment materials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 6(5)

Published: May 28, 2022

Electrochemical water splitting represents one of the most promising technologies to produce green hydrogen, which can help realize goal achieving carbon neutrality. While substantial efforts on a laboratory scale have been made for understanding fundamental catalysis and developing high‐performance electrocatalysts two half‐reactions involved in electrocatalysis, much less attention has paid doing relevant research larger scale. For example, few such researches done an industrial Herein, we review very recent endeavors bridge gaps between applications electrolysis. We begin by introducing fundamentals electrochemical then present comparisons testing protocol, figure merit, catalyst interest, manufacturing cost industry‐based water‐electrolysis research. Special is tracking surface reconstruction process identifying real catalytic species under different conditions, highlight significant distinctions corresponding mechanisms. Advances designs industry‐relevant electrolysis are also summarized, reveal progress moving practical forward accelerating synergies material science engineering. Perspectives challenges electrocatalyst design strategies proposed finally further lab‐scale large‐scale electrocatalysis applications.

Language: Английский

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Synergizing Hydrogen Spillover and Deprotonation by the Internal Polarization Field in a MoS₂/NiPS₃ Vertical Heterostructure for Boosted Water Electrolysis

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 34(37)

Published: July 28, 2022

Hydrogen spillover (HSo) has emerged to upgrade the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity of Pt-support electrocatalysts, but it is not applicable deprotonated oxygen (OER). Non-precious catalysts that can perform well in both HSo and deprotonation (DeP) are extremely desirable for a sustainable economy. Herein, an affordable MoS2 /NiPS3 vertical heterostructure catalyst presented synergize DeP efficient water electrolysis. The internal polarization field (IPF) clarified as driving force HER electrocatalysis. from edge NiPS3 activate basal plane boost (112 mV vs reversible electrode (RHE) at 10 mA cm-2 ), while OER, IPF facilitate hydroxyl diffusion render -to-NiPS3 /P-to-S dual-pathways DeP. As result, stacking OER-inactive on surface still brings intriguing OER enhancements. With them serving couples, overall splitting attested stably with cell voltage 1.64 V . This research puts forward criterion rational design HSo/DeP-unified non-precious

Language: Английский

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Facilitating alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction on the hetero-interfaced Ru/RuO2 through Pt single atoms doping

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Feb. 16, 2024

Abstract Exploring an active and cost-effective electrocatalyst alternative to carbon-supported platinum nanoparticles for alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) have remained elusive date. Here, we report a catalyst based on single atoms (SAs) doped into the hetero-interfaced Ru/RuO 2 support (referred as Pt-Ru/RuO ), which features low HER overpotential, excellent stability distinctly enhanced cost-based activity compared commercial Pt/C Ru/C in 1 M KOH. Advanced physico-chemical characterizations disclose that sluggish water dissociation is accelerated by RuO while Pt SAs metallic Ru facilitate subsequent H* combination. Theoretical calculations correlate with experimental findings. Furthermore, only requires 1.90 V reach A cm −2 delivers high price anion exchange membrane electrolyzer, outperforming benchmark Pt/C. This research offers feasible guidance developing noble metal-based catalysts performance cost toward practical H production.

Language: Английский

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Unusual Sabatier principle on high entropy alloy catalysts for hydrogen evolution reactions

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Jan. 8, 2024

Abstract The Sabatier principle is widely explored in heterogeneous catalysis, graphically depicted volcano plots. most desirable activity located at the peak of volcano, and further advances past this optimum are possible by designing a catalyst that circumvents limitation entailed principle. Herein, density functional theory calculations, we discovered an unusual on high entropy alloy (HEA) surface, distinguishing “just right” (Δ G H* = 0 eV) hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). A new descriptor was proposed to design HEA catalysts for HER. As proof-of-concept, synthesized PtFeCoNiCu endows catalytic performance HER with overpotential 10.8 mV −10 mA cm −2 4.6 times higher intrinsic over state-of-the-art Pt/C. Moreover, can be extended other reactions.

Language: Английский

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Acidic CO2-to-HCOOH electrolysis with industrial-level current on phase engineered tin sulfide

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: May 18, 2023

Acidic CO2-to-HCOOH electrolysis represents a sustainable route for value-added CO2 transformations. However, competing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in acid remains great challenge selective production, especially industrial-level current densities. Main group metal sulfides derived S-doped metals have demonstrated enhanced selectivity alkaline and neutral media by suppressing HER tuning reduction intermediates. Yet stabilizing these sulfur dopants on surfaces at large reductive potentials HCOOH production is still challenging acidic medium. Herein, we report phase-engineered tin sulfide pre-catalyst (π-SnS) with uniform rhombic dodecahedron structure that can derive metallic Sn catalyst stabilized In situ characterizations theoretical calculations reveal the π-SnS has stronger intrinsic Sn-S binding strength than conventional phase, facilitating stabilization of residual species subsurface. These effectively modulate CO2RR intermediates coverage medium enhancing *OCHO intermediate adsorption weakening *H binding. As result, (Sn(S)-H) demonstrates significantly high Faradaic efficiency (92.15 %) carbon (36.43 to industrial densities (up -1 A cm-2)

Language: Английский

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Tailoring a local acid-like microenvironment for efficient neutral hydrogen evolution

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: July 14, 2023

Electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction in neutral media is listed as the most difficult challenges of energy catalysis due to sluggish kinetics. Herein, Ir-HxWO3 catalyst readily synthesized and exhibits enhanced performance for reaction. HxWO3 support functioned proton sponge create a local acid-like microenvironment around Ir metal sites by spontaneous injection protons WO3, evidenced spectroscopy electrochemical analysis. Rationalize revitalized lattice-hydrogen species located interface are coupled with Had atoms on metallic surfaces via thermodynamically favorable Volmer-Tafel steps, thereby fast Elaborated demonstrates activity low overpotential 20 mV at 10 mA cm-2 Tafel slope 28 dec-1, which even comparable those acidic environment. The concept exemplified this work offer possibilities tailoring regulate catalytic pathway.

Language: Английский

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Designing Cu-Based Tandem Catalysts for CO₂ Electroreduction Based on Mass Transport of CO Intermediate

ACS Catalysis, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(15), P. 9735 - 9752

Published: July 27, 2022

Electrochemical reduction of CO2 to high-value hydrocarbons and oxygenates is an attractive technique store intermittent renewable energy. Diverse catalysts are capable catalyzing the CO conversion, while further occurs almost exclusively on Cu. Monocomponent Cu suffer from high overpotential low Faradaic efficiency oxygenates. Combining conversion Au, Ag, single-atom catalysts, etc., with a promising strategy achieve selectivity formation rate highly reduced products. Numerous tandem have been developed based this idea, mass transport intermediate CO-formation catalyst key factor that needs be considered in design catalysts. Rational analysis different modes reported designs needed for development reduction. In review, we elucidate how spatial distribution determines mode consequently affects utilization intermediate. We also discuss challenges perspectives understanding interaction between improving their catalytic performance

Language: Английский

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Design strategies of perovskite nanofibers electrocatalysts for water splitting: A mini review

Chemical Engineering Journal, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 451, P. 138710 - 138710

Published: Aug. 22, 2022

Language: Английский

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Advanced electrocatalysts with unusual active sites for electrochemical water splitting

InfoMat, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: Nov. 27, 2023

Abstract Electrochemical water splitting represents a promising technology for green hydrogen production. To design advanced electrocatalysts, it is crucial to identify their active sites and interpret the relationship between structures performance. Materials extensively studied as electrocatalysts include noble‐metal‐based (e.g., Ru, Ir, Pt) non‐noble‐metal‐based 3d transition metals) compounds. Recently, advancements in characterization techniques theoretical calculations have revealed novel unusual sites. The present review highlights latest achievements discovery identification of various unconventional electrochemical splitting, with focus on state‐of‐the‐art strategies determining true establishing structure–activity relationships. Furthermore, we discuss remaining challenges future perspectives development next‐generation By presenting fresh perspective reaction involved this aims provide valuable guidance study industrial applications. image

Language: Английский

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Constructing regulable supports via non-stoichiometric engineering to stabilize ruthenium nanoparticles for enhanced pH-universal water splitting

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: March 29, 2024

Abstract Establishing appropriate metal-support interactions is imperative for acquiring efficient and corrosion-resistant catalysts water splitting. Herein, the interaction mechanism between Ru nanoparticles a series of titanium oxides, including TiO, Ti 4 O 7 TiO 2, designed via facile non-stoichiometric engineering systematically studied. 7, with unique band structure, high conductivity chemical stability, endows ingenious through interfacial Ti–O–Ru units, which stabilizes species during OER triggers hydrogen spillover to accelerate HER kinetics. As expected, Ru/Ti displays ultralow overpotentials 8 mV 150 long operation 500 h at 10 mA cm −2 in acidic media, expanded pH-universal environments. Benefitting from excellent bifunctional performance, proton exchange membrane anion electrolyzer assembled achieves superior performance robust operation. The work paves way energy conversion devices.

Language: Английский

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