Cryogenian Origins of Multicellularity in Archaeplastida

Genome Biology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

Abstract Earth was impacted by global glaciations during the Cryogenian (720 to 635 million years ago; Ma), events invoked explain both origins of multicellularity in Archaeplastida and radiation first land plants. However, temporal relationship between these environmental biological is poorly established, due a paucity molecular fossil data, precluding resolution phylogeny timescale archaeplastid evolution. We infer time-calibrated early evolution based on revised dataset reappraisal record. Phylogenetic topology testing resolves deep relationships, identifying two clades Viridiplantae placing Bryopsidales as sister Chlorophyceae. Our clock analysis infers an origin late-Paleoproterozoic early-Mesoproterozoic (1712 1387 Ma). Ancestral state reconstruction cytomorphological traits this tree reveals many independent span Cryogenian, consistent with hypothesis. Multicellular rhodophytes emerged 902 655 Ma while crown-Anydrophyta (Zygnematophyceae Embryophyta) originated 796 671 Ma, broadly compatible plant terrestrialization analyses resolve timetree age estimates for ancestral multicellular archaeplastids coinciding hypotheses that propose role Snowball

Language: Английский

---

The origin and early evolution of plants

Trends in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 28(3), P. 312 - 329

Published: Oct. 31, 2022

Plant (archaeplastid) evolution has transformed the biosphere, but we are only now beginning to learn how this took place through comparative genomics, phylogenetics, and fossil record. This illuminated phylogeny of Archaeplastida, Viridiplantae, Streptophyta, resolved key characters, genes, genomes – revealing that many innovations evolved long before clades with which they have been casually associated. Molecular clock analyses estimate Streptophyta Viridiplantae emerged in late Mesoproterozoic Neoproterozoic, whereas Archaeplastida late-mid Palaeoproterozoic. Together, these insights inform on coevolution plants Earth system ecology global biogeochemical cycles, increased weathering, precipitated snowball events, during would oxygen production net primary productivity (NPP).

Language: Английский

---

Macroalgal deep genomics illuminate multiple paths to aquatic, photosynthetic multicellularity

Molecular Plant, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(5), P. 747 - 771

Published: April 12, 2024

Macroalgae are multicellular, aquatic autotrophs that play vital roles in global climate maintenance and have diverse applications biotechnology eco-engineering, which directly linked to their multicellularity phenotypes. However, genomic diversity the evolutionary mechanisms underlying these organisms remain uncharacterized. In this study, we sequenced 110 macroalgal genomes from climates phyla, identified key features distinguish them microalgal relatives. Genes for cell adhesion, extracellular matrix formation, polarity, transport, differentiation macroalgae microalgae across all three major constituting conserved unique gene sets supporting multicellular processes. Adhesome genes show phylum- climate-specific expansions may facilitate niche adaptation. Collectively, our study reveals genetic determinants of convergent divergent trajectories shaped morphological provides genome-wide frameworks understand photosynthetic evolution environments.

Language: Английский

---

Phylotranscriptomics unveil a Paleoproterozoic-Mesoproterozoic origin and deep relationships of the Viridiplantae

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Sept. 11, 2023

Abstract The Viridiplantae comprise two main clades, the Chlorophyta (including a diverse array of marine and freshwater green algae) Streptophyta (consisting charophytes land plants). Lineages sister to core Chlorophyta, informally refer as prasinophytes, form grade mainly planktonic algae. Recently, one these lineages, Prasinodermophyta, which is previously grouped with has been identified lineage both Streptophyta. Resolving deep relationships among plants crucial for understanding historical impact algal diversity on ecology geochemistry, but proven difficult given ancient timing diversification events. Through extensive taxon gene sampling, we conduct large-scale phylogenomic analyses resolve reveal Prasinodermophyta raising questions about necessity classifying distinct phylum. We unveil that incomplete sorting cause discordance regarding placement Prasinodermophyta. Molecular dating suggest crown-group date back Paleoproterozoic-Mesoproterozoic. Our study establishes plausible link between oxygen levels in Paleoproterozoic-Mesoproterozoic origin Viridiplantae.

Language: Английский

---

Protomelission is an early dasyclad alga and not a Cambrian bryozoan

Nature, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 615(7952), P. 468 - 471

Published: March 8, 2023

Language: Английский

---

Quantifying the global biodiversity of Proterozoic eukaryotes

Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 386(6728)

Published: Dec. 19, 2024

The global diversity of Proterozoic eukaryote fossils is poorly quantified despite its fundamental importance to the understanding macroevolutionary patterns and dynamics on early Earth. Here we report a new construction fossil from Paleoproterozoic Cambrian based comprehensive data compilation quantitative analyses. resulting taxonomic richness curve verifies Cryogenian glaciations as major divide that separates “Boring Billion” Ediacaran periods, with former characterized by prolonged stasis, latter greater diversity, more-rapid turnover, multiple radiations extinctions. These contrasting evolutionary provide framework test competing hypotheses biosphere geosphere coevolution in Eon.

Language: Английский

---

Ulva: An emerging green seaweed model for systems biology

Journal of Phycology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 59(3), P. 433 - 440

Published: May 5, 2023

Abstract Green seaweeds exhibit a wide range of morphologies and occupy various ecological niches, spanning from freshwater to marine terrestrial habitats. These organisms, which predominantly belong the class Ulvophyceae, showcase remarkable instance parallel evolution toward complex multicellularity macroscopic thalli in Viridiplantae lineage. Within green seaweeds, several Ulva species (“sea lettuce”) are model organisms for studying carbon assimilation, interactions with bacteria, life cycle progression, morphogenesis. also notorious their fast growth capacity dominate nutrient‐rich, anthropogenically disturbed coastal ecosystems during “green tide” blooms. From an economic perspective, has garnered increasing attention as promising feedstock production food, feed, biobased products, means removing excess nutrients environment. We propose that is poised further develop seaweed research. In this we focus explicitly on mutabilis/compressa highlight molecular data tools currently available or development. discuss areas will benefit future research where exciting new developments have been reported other species.

Language: Английский

---

Fossil-calibrated molecular clock data enable reconstruction of steps leading to differentiated multicellularity and anisogamy in the Volvocine algae

BMC Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: April 10, 2024

Abstract Background Throughout its nearly four-billion-year history, life has undergone evolutionary transitions in which simpler subunits have become integrated to form a more complex whole. Many of these opened the door innovations that resulted increased biodiversity and/or organismal efficiency. The evolution multicellularity from unicellular forms represents one such transition, paved way for cellular differentiation, including differentiation male and female gametes. A useful model studying is volvocine algae, clade freshwater green algae whose members range colonial, undifferentiated completely differentiated, gamete types can be isogamous, anisogamous, or oogamous. To better understand how multicellularity, gametes evolved this group, we used comparative genomics fossil data establish geologically calibrated roadmap when occurred. Results Our ancestral-state reconstructions, show arose independently twice algae. chronograms indicate during Carboniferous-Triassic periods Goniaceae + Volvocaceae, possibly as early Cretaceous Tetrabaenaceae. Using divergence time estimates inferred when, what order, specific developmental changes occurred led differentiated oogamy. We find temporal sequence leading much proposed by David Kirk, correlated with acquisition anisogamy Lastly, morphological, molecular, suggest possibility cryptic species Conclusions Large molecular datasets robust phylogenetic methods are bringing history sharply into focus. Mounting evidence suggests extant group result two independent origins multiple cell differentiation. Also, origin Tetrabaenaceae-Goniaceae-Volvocaceae may older than previously thought. Finally, Tetrabaenaceae provides an exciting opportunity study recent lineages adapted live very different thermal environments.

Language: Английский

---

Genome sequence and cell biological toolbox of the highly regenerative, coenocytic green feather alga Bryopsis

The Plant Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 119(2), P. 1091 - 1111

Published: April 20, 2024

Green feather algae (Bryopsidales) undergo a unique life cycle in which single cell repeatedly executes nuclear division without cytokinesis, resulting the development of thallus (>100 mm) with characteristic morphology called coenocyte. Bryopsis is representative coenocytic alga that has exceptionally high regeneration ability: extruded cytoplasm aggregates rapidly seawater, leading to formation protoplasts. However, genetic basis biology remains poorly understood. Here, we present high-quality assembly and annotation genome sp. (90.7 Mbp, 27 contigs, N50 = 6.7 14 034 protein-coding genes). Comparative genomic analyses indicate genes encoding BPL-1/Bryohealin, aggregation-promoting lectin, are heavily duplicated Bryopsis, whereas homologous absent other ulvophyceans, suggesting capability Bryopsis. possesses >30 kinesins but only myosin, differs from green have multiple types myosin genes. Consistent this biased motor toolkit, observed bidirectional motility chloroplasts was dependent on microtubules not actin Most required for cytokinesis plants including those SNARE or kinesin superfamily. Nevertheless, crucial initiation (NACK/Kinesin-7II) hardly expressed part thallus, possibly underlying lack portion. The sequence lays foundation experimental macroalgae.

Language: Английский

---

Consolidating Ulva functional genomics: gene editing and new selection systems

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 15, 2025

Summary The green seaweed Ulva compressa is a promising model for functional biology. In addition to historical research on growth and development, ‐omics data molecular tools stable transformation are available. However, more efficient needed study gene function. Here, we expand the toolkit . We screened survival of its mutualistic bacteria 14 selective agents established that Blasticidin deaminases (BSD or bsr) can be used as selectable markers generate transgenic lines. show Cas9 Cas12a RNPs suitable targeted mutagenesis genomic deletions up 20 kb using marker ADENINE PHOSPHORIBOSYLTRANSFERASE ( APT ). demonstrate insertion via homology‐directed repair co‐editing with possible nonmarker genes. evaluated 31 vector configurations found bicistronic fusion resistance incorporation introns in led most mutants. this mutants three genes strategy. This expanded now enables us reliably make gain‐ loss‐of‐function mutants; additional optimizations will necessary allow vector‐based multiplex genome editing

Language: Английский

---