Evaluation of humoral and cellular response to four vaccines against COVID-19 in different age groups: A longitudinal study

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Oct. 31, 2022

To date there has been limited head-to-head evaluation of immune responses to different types COVID-19 vaccines. A real-world population-based longitudinal study was designed with the aim define magnitude and duration immunity induced by each four vaccines available in Italy at time this study. Overall, 2497 individuals were enrolled their first vaccination (T0). Vaccine-specific antibody over Comirnaty, Spikevax, Vaxzevria, Janssen Ad26.COV2.S heterologous compared up six months after immunization. On a subset Comirnaty vaccinees, serology data correlated ability neutralize reference SARS-CoV-2 B strain, as well Delta AY.4 Omicron BA.1. The frequency SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ T cells, CD8+ memory cells assessed We found that mRNA are stronger inducer anti-Spike IgG B-memory cell responses. Humoral lower frail elderly subjects. Neutralization BA.1 variants is severely impaired, especially older individuals. Most vaccinees display vaccine-specific T-cell vaccination. By describing immunological response during phase campaign cohorts considering several aspects response, allowed collect key information could facilitate implementation effective prevention control measures against SARS-CoV-2.

Language: Английский

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Determinants of humoral and cellular immune responses to three doses of mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in older adults: a longitudinal cohort study

The Lancet Healthy Longevity, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(5), P. e188 - e199

Published: May 1, 2023

BackgroundOlder age is associated with poorer outcomes to COVID-19 infection. The Norwegian Institute of Public Health established a longitudinal cohort adults aged 65–80 years study the effects pandemic. Here we describe characteristics in general, and specifically immune responses at baseline after primary booster vaccination subset blood samples, epidemiological factors affecting these responses.Methods4551 participants were recruited, humoral (n=299) cellular (n=90) measured before two three vaccine doses. Information on general health, infections, vaccinations obtained from questionnaires national health registries.FindingsHalf had chronic condition. 849 (18·7%) 4551 prefrail 184 (4%) frail. 483 (10·6%) activity limitations (scored Global Activity Limitation Index). After dose two, 295 (98·7%) 299 seropositive for anti-receptor binding domain IgG, 210 (100%) three. Spike-specific CD4 CD8 T cell showed high heterogeneity responded alpha (B.1.1.7), delta (B.1.617.2), omicron (B.1.1.529 or BA.1) variants concern. Cellular seasonal coronaviruses increased SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Heterologous prime boosting mRNA vaccines was highest antibody (p=0·019) (p=0·003), hypertension lower levels doses (p=0·04).InterpretationMost older adults, including those comorbidities, generated good serological Responses further improved doses, particularly heterologous boosting. Vaccination also cross-reactive cells against concern coronaviruses. Frailty not impaired responses, but might indicate reduced responsiveness even Individual differences identified through sampling enables better prediction variability which can help guide future policy need subsequent their timing.FundingNorwegian Health, Ministry Research Council Norway, Coalition Epidemic Preparedness Innovations.

Language: Английский

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Appearance of tolerance-induction and non-inflammatory SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific IgG4 antibodies after COVID-19 booster vaccinations

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Dec. 20, 2023

Background Understanding the characteristics of humoral immune responses following COVID-19 vaccinations is crucial for refining vaccination strategies and predicting to emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. Methods A longitudinal analysis spike receptor binding domain (RBD) specific IgG antibody responses, encompassing subclasses IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4 was performed. Participants received four mRNA vaccine doses (group 1; n=10) or two ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 booster 2; n=19) in Bangladesh over years. Results Findings demonstrate robust after primary Covishield doses; declining baseline within six months. First restored surpassed but waned Surprisingly, a second did not increase levels further. Comprehensive subclass showed Covishield/mRNA generated predominantly IgG1 with limited IgG2/IgG3, Remarkably, exhibited distinct pattern. remained undetectable initially increased extensively months dose, eventually replacing 3rd/4th doses. Conversely, initial recipients lack IgG4, surged post-second booster. Notably, mRNA-vaccinated individuals displayed earlier, post first versus counterparts. ratios decreased increasing doses, most pronounced This study highlights response kinetics, influenced by type impacting immunological tolerance induction, shaping future strategies. Conclusions dynamics dependent on number leading

Language: Английский

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Waning of specific antibodies against Delta and Omicron variants five months after a third dose of BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in elderly individuals

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Nov. 14, 2022

The emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants, such as the more transmissible Delta and Omicron has raised concerns on efficacy COVID-19 vaccines. Here, we examined waning antibody responses against different variants following primary booster vaccination. We found that were low response was almost non-existent. Efficient boosting all including Omicron, observed a third dose. tested significantly higher at one month vaccination, compared with two months for individuals, responders identified response, tested, four post than five proportion remained (6-11%). However, there significant in 95% individuals months, to booster. also robust memory B cell booster, which prior decline 50% Similarly, while T is sustained, cohort level, substantial (18.8 – 53.8%) exhibited waned levels below their corresponding before findings show an efficient induction immune induced immunity by BNT162b2 vaccine dose transient. suggest elderly may require fourth provide protection SARS-CoV-2.

Language: Английский

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Safety and immunogenicity against ancestral, Delta and Omicron virus variants following a booster dose of an inactivated whole-virus COVID-19 vaccine (VLA2001): Interim analysis of an open-label extension of the randomized, controlled, phase 3 COV-COMPARE trial

Journal of Infection, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 87(3), P. 242 - 254

Published: July 3, 2023

Language: Английский

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Third SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and breakthrough infections enhance humoral and cellular immunity against variants of concern

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: March 22, 2023

Introduction SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is the leading strategy to prevent severe courses after infection. In our study, we analyzed humoral and cellular immune responses in detail three consecutive homologous or heterologous vaccinations breakthrough infections. Methods Peripheral blood samples of n=20 individuals were time course and/or S1-, RBD-, S2- N-specific IgG antibodies quantified using Luminex-based multiplex assays electrochemiluminescence for surrogate neutralization plasma. Changes components determined via flow cytometry whole samples. Results All (n=20) responded with increasing S1-/RBD-/S2-specific levels, whereas specific plasma IgA displayed individual variability. The third dose increased antibody inhibitory capacity (AIC) against immune-escape variants Beta Omicron BA.1 independently age. mRNA-primed induced immunity more efficiently, vector-primed higher levels memory T B cells. Vaccinees showed SARS-CoV-2-specific cell responses, which further improved specified infections parallel appearance new variant-specific antibodies. Discussion conclusion, was essential increase mandatory boost AIC variants, Breakthrough infection generates additional spike specificities covering all known variants.

Language: Английский

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Impact of ageing on homologous and human-coronavirus-reactive antibodies after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination or infection

npj Vaccines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Feb. 20, 2024

The endemic human coronaviruses (HCoVs) circulate worldwide yet remain understudied and unmitigated. observation of elevated levels HCoV reactive antibodies in COVID-19 patients highlights the urgent necessity better understanding specific immunity. Here, we characterized in-depth de novo SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses boosting HCoV-reactive after vaccination or infection individuals up to 98 years old. All vaccinees were home-dwelling with no documented before receiving mRNA vaccine (BNT162b2). first two doses elicited potent spike binding 80 years. third dose largely boosted previously low S2 domain neutralizing elderly 80-90 old, but less so those above 90 betacoronavirus (HKU1 OC43) all vaccinees, although a lesser extent had elevation alpha- (229E, NL63, HKU1 antibodies. In both increases correlated ages, indicating as candidate for future universal coronavirus design.

Language: Английский

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Virus-specific T cell response in SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccinations

Elsevier eBooks, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 191 - 206

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccines Induce Cross-Reactive Antibodies to NL63 Coronavirus but Do Not Boost Pre-Existing Immunity Anti-NL63 Antibody Responses

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(3), P. 268 - 268

Published: March 4, 2025

Background/Objectives: mRNA vaccines have demonstrated strong immunogenicity and efficacy against SARS-CoV-2. However, the extent of antibody cross-reactivity human seasonal coronaviruses, such as NL63, remains unclear. Furthermore, it is unknown whether pre-existing responses NL63 might influence outcome SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Methods: We used a flow cytometry-based serological assay an in vitro neutralization to analyze sera from mRNA-vaccinated mice plasma samples vaccinated cohort. Results: found that Moderna mRNA-1273 vaccine can generate cross-reactive antibodies NL63. Importantly, vaccination did not boost anti-NL63 humans, levels affect response induced by Conclusions: These findings suggest while induce immunity this coronavirus does appear significantly impact immunogenicity. contribute our understanding complex interplay between coronaviruses immune generated vaccines.

Language: Английский

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Old hematopoietic stem cells retain competence to reconstitute a youthful B cell system that is highly responsive to protein-based vaccination

Immunity & Ageing, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: April 5, 2025

Abstract Background Ageing-associated remodeling of the murine B cell system is accompanied with a reduction CD19 + cells such as follicular (FOB) and an accumulation age-associated (ABC) or activated subsets. This thought to confer attenuated antibody response, SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) vaccines in both aged mice humans. To gain insight into de novo development function old system, we reconstituted young immune systems by transferring hematopoietic stem (HSCs) from immune-competent (2–3 months) CD45.1 donors (DY-HSC) (20–24 (DO-HSC) T cell-deficient recipient CD45.2 RAG1 −/− mice, followed protein-based vaccination. Results In same environment transplanted DO-HSCs compared DY-HSCs lower numbers cells, though engraftment donor-derived HSCs bone marrow (BM) was very similar. Furthermore, indicative for youthful unchallenged systems, contrast low levels antigen-experienced memory developed DY-HSC DO-HSC hosts. The commercially available recombinant S vaccine (NVX-CoV2373) induced IgG S-antibody titers pseudovirus neutralization activity mice. contrast, similar high were hosts, even enhanced Conclusions Both established BM extend, suggesting that concomitant reconstitution vs. animals specifically related HSCs. reconstitute efficiently elicit antigen-specific antibodies Old thus retain competence functional at least suggests it primarily age-related factors, not per se, influence composition functionality system.

Language: Английский

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