How does the primate brain combine generative and discriminative computations in vision? DOI Creative Commons
Benjamin Peters, James J. DiCarlo, Todd M. Gureckis

et al.

arXiv (Cornell University), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Vision is widely understood as an inference problem. However, two contrasting conceptions of the process have each been influential in research on biological vision well engineering machine vision. The first emphasizes bottom-up signal flow, describing a largely feedforward, discriminative that filters and transforms visual information to remove irrelevant variation represent behaviorally relevant format suitable for downstream functions cognition behavioral control. In this conception, driven by sensory data, perception direct because processing proceeds from data latent variables interest. notion "inference" conception literature neural networks, where feedforward convolutional networks images are said perform inference. alternative Helmholtz's sense, evidence evaluated context generative model causal processes giving rise it. inverts through interrogation often thought involve top-down predictions evaluate likelihood hypotheses. authors include scientists rooted roughly equal numbers motivated overcome what might be false dichotomy between them engage other perspective realm theory experiment. primate brain employs unknown algorithm may combine advantages both conceptions. We explain clarify terminology, review key empirical evidence, propose program transcends sets stage revealing mysterious hybrid

Language: Английский

Consciousness and sleep DOI
Giulio Tononi, Mélanie Boly, Chiara Cirelli

et al.

Neuron, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 112(10), P. 1568 - 1594

Published: May 1, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

20
Cortical depth profiles in primary visual cortex for illusory and imaginary experiences DOI Creative Commons
Johanna Bergmann, Lucy S. Petro, Clément Abbatecola

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Feb. 2, 2024

Abstract Visual illusions and mental imagery are non-physical sensory experiences that involve cortical feedback processing in the primary visual cortex. Using laminar functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) two studies, we investigate if information about these internal is visible activation patterns of different layers cortex (V1). We find content decodable mainly from deep V1, whereas seemingly ‘real’ illusory superficial layers. Furthermore, shares with perceptual content, whilst does not generalise to or information. Together, our results suggest imagery, which differ immensely their subjective experiences, also partially distinct early microcircuits. However, overlapping microcircuit recruitment might emerge based on nuanced nature conscious experience.

Language: Английский

Citations

13
Replay-triggered brain-wide activation in humans DOI Creative Commons
Qi Huang, Zhibing Xiao,

Qianqian Yu

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Aug. 21, 2024

The consolidation of discrete experiences into a coherent narrative shapes the cognitive map, providing structured mental representations our experiences. In this process, past memories are reactivated and replayed in sequence, fostering hippocampal-cortical dialogue. However, brain-wide engagement coinciding with sequential reactivation (or replay) remains largely unexplored. study, employing simultaneous EEG-fMRI, we capture both spatial temporal dynamics memory replay. We find that during simulation, fast sequences as detected via EEG. These transient replay events associated heightened fMRI activity hippocampus medial prefrontal cortex. Replay occurrence strengthens functional connectivity between default mode network, set brain regions key to representing map. On other hand, when subjects at rest following learning, task-related items is stronger than pre-learning rest, also hippocampal activation augmented entorhinal Together, findings highlight distributed, its This study uses EEG-fMRI investigate how replays experiences, revealing by EEG correspond increased enhanced network fMRI.

Language: Английский

Citations

11
Imageless imagery in aphantasia revealed by early visual cortex decoding DOI
Shuai Chang, Xinyu Zhang, Yonggang Cao

et al.

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 35(3), P. 591 - 599.e4

Published: Jan. 10, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Machine learning classification of motivational states: Insights from eeg analysis of perception and imagery DOI Creative Commons
Tommaso Colafiglio, Angela Lombardi, Tommaso Di Noia

et al.

Expert Systems with Applications, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 127076 - 127076

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Uncovering the Role of the Early Visual Cortex in Visual Mental Imagery DOI Creative Commons
Nadine Dijkstra

Vision, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8(2), P. 29 - 29

Published: May 2, 2024

The question of whether the early visual cortex (EVC) is involved in mental imagery remains a topic debate. In this paper, I propose that inconsistency findings can be explained by unique challenges associated with investigating EVC activity during imagery. During perception, processes low-level features, which means highly sensitive to variation details. If has same role imagery, any change details image would lead corresponding changes activity. Within context, should not ‘active’ but how its relates specific properties. Studies using methods are features reveal recruit similar ways as perception. However, all images contain high level Therefore, end considering more nuanced view, states EVC, does mean it always so.

Language: Английский

Citations

7
Quality space computations for consciousness DOI Creative Commons
Stephen M. Fleming, Nicholas Shea

Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 28(10), P. 896 - 906

Published: July 17, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

7
Centering cognitive neuroscience on task demands and generalization DOI
Matthias Nau, Alexandra C. Schmid, Simon M. Kaplan

et al.

Nature Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 27(9), P. 1656 - 1667

Published: July 29, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

6
Neural Representations in Visual and Parietal Cortex Differentiate between Imagined, Perceived, and Illusory Experiences DOI Creative Commons
Siyi Li, Xuemei Zeng, Zhujun Shao

et al.

Journal of Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 43(38), P. 6508 - 6524

Published: Aug. 15, 2023

Humans constantly receive massive amounts of information, both perceived from the external environment and imagined internal world. To function properly, brain needs to correctly identify origin information being processed. Recent work has suggested common neural substrates for perception imagery. However, it remained unclear how differentiates between experiences with shared codes. Here we tested this question in human participants (male female) by systematically investigating processes underlying generation maintenance visual voluntary imagery, veridical perception, illusion. The inclusion illusion allowed us differentiate objective subjective internality: while an objectively can be viewed as involuntary is also subjectively having like perception. Combining fMRI, eye-tracking, multivariate decoding, encoding approaches, observed superior orientation representations parietal cortex during imagery compared conversely early cortex. This dominance gradually developed along a posterior-to-anterior cortical hierarchy cortex, emerged epoch sustained into delay epoch, persisted across varied contents. Moreover, representational strength was more comparable but suggesting content-specific experiences, opposed These findings together support domain-general engagement internally generated experience. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT How does experiences? current study revealed enhanced stimulus-specific originating supporting experience principle further validated evidence illusion, wherein resembled at different levels hierarchy. Our provide direct critical role region offer new insights mechanisms differentiation experiences.

Language: Английский

Citations

15
To be or not to be hallucinating: Implications of hypnagogic/hypnopompic experiences and lucid dreaming for brain disorders DOI Creative Commons
Guglielmo Foffani

PNAS Nexus, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 3(1)

Published: Dec. 19, 2023

The boundaries between waking and sleeping-when falling asleep (hypnagogic) or up (hypnopompic)-can be challenging for our ability to monitor interpret reality. Without proper understanding, bizarre but relatively normal hypnagogic/hypnopompic experiences can misinterpreted as psychotic hallucinations (occurring, by definition, in the fully awake state), potentially leading stigma misdiagnosis clinical contexts misconception bias research contexts. This Perspective proposes that conceptual practical understanding differentiating from may offered lucid dreaming, state which one is aware of dreaming while sleeping. I first introduce a possible systematization phenomenological range occur transition REM (including hypnagogic perceptions, symptoms, sleep paralysis, false awakenings, out-of-body experiences). then outline how metacognitive strategies used dreamers gain/confirm oneiric lucidity could tested better hallucinations. relevance analyzed schizophrenia narcolepsy, discussed neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Lewy-body disorders (i.e. Parkinson's disease, disease dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies), offering testable hypotheses empirical investigation. Finally, emotionally positive dreams triggered enhanced training/induction pathological process have intrinsic therapeutic value if properly recognized guided. overall intention raise awareness foster further about diagnostic, prognostic, implications brain disorders.

Language: Английский

Citations

15