Advancing Synthetic Hydrogels through Nature‐Inspired Materials Chemistry

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 19, 2024

Synthetic extracellular matrix (ECM) mimics that can recapitulate the complex biochemical and mechanical nature of native tissues are needed for advanced models development disease. Biomedical research has heavily relied on use animal-derived biomaterials, which is now impeding their translational potential convoluting biological insights gleaned from in vitro tissue models. Natural hydrogels have long served as a convenient effective cell culture tool, but advances materials chemistry fabrication techniques present promising new avenues creating xenogenic-free ECM substitutes appropriate organotypic microphysiological systems. However, significant challenges remain synthetic matrices approximate structural sophistication, complexity, dynamic functionality tissues. This review summarizes key properties ECM, discusses recent approaches used to systematically decouple tune these matrices. The importance mechanics, such viscoelasticity plasticity, also discussed, particularly within context organoid engineered Emerging design strategies mimic reviewed, multi-network hydrogels, supramolecular chemistry, assembled monomers.

Language: Английский

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Construction of multiple sacrificial bonds between epoxy resin and tung oil-based modifier towards mechanical performance enhancement

Industrial Crops and Products, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 210, P. 118091 - 118091

Published: Jan. 21, 2024

Language: Английский

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Multiscale and multidisciplinary analysis of aging processes in bone

npj Aging, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: June 15, 2024

Abstract The world population is increasingly aging, deeply affecting our society by challenging healthcare systems and presenting an economic burden, thus turning the spotlight on aging-related diseases: exempli gratia, osteoporosis, a silent disease until you suddenly break bone. increase in bone fracture risk with age generally associated loss of mass alteration skeletal architecture. However, such changes cannot fully explain increased fragility age. To successfully tackle age-related diseases, it paramount to comprehensively understand fundamental mechanisms responsible for tissue degeneration. Aging persist at multiple length scales within complex hierarchical structure, raising need multiscale multidisciplinary approach resolve them. This paper aims provide overarching analysis aging processes review most prominent outcomes aging. A systematic description different scales, highlighting corresponding techniques adopted each scale motivating combining diverse techniques, provided get comprehensive multi-physics phenomena involved.

Language: Английский

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Collagen breaks at weak sacrificial bonds taming its mechanoradicals

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: April 12, 2023

Collagen is a force-bearing, hierarchical structural protein important to all connective tissue. In tendon collagen, high load even below macroscopic failure level creates mechanoradicals by homolytic bond scission, similar polymers. The location and type of initial rupture sites critically decide on both the mechanical chemical impact these micro-ruptures tissue, but are yet be explored. We here use scale-bridging simulations supported gel electrophoresis mass spectrometry determine breakage points in collagen. find collagen crosslinks, as opposed backbone, harbor weakest bonds, with one particular trivalent crosslinks most dominant site. identify this sacrificial, rupturing prior other bonds while maintaining material's integrity. Also, collagen's weak funnel ruptures such that potentially harmful readily stabilized. Our results suggest unique mode tailored towards combatting an early onset material ageing.

Language: Английский

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Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy Investigation of Structural Changes of Mechanically Strained Mouse Tail Tendons

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 8, 2025

Structural tissues like tendon are subjected to repeated tensile strains in vivo and excessive cause irreversible changes the tissue. Large affect molecular structure organization of extracellular matrix, these parameters that drive cell behavior, including tissue repair. Here we describe a method perform solid-state NMR spectroscopy on situ strained samples under magic-angle spinning achieve high-resolution spectra while maintaining tissue's native hydration state. The observed interpreted using quantum mechanics (QM/MM) chemical shift calculations collagen triple-helix structures consideration distribution orientations between relaxed mechanical states. We demonstrate our strain combination with spectral simulations can detect tendons loaded plastic deformation subsequent structural relaxation unloaded

Language: Английский

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Integrating computational and experimental advances in bone multiscale mechanics

Progress in Materials Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 101474 - 101474

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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What Is the Sequence of Mechanical and Structural Failure During Stretch Injury in the Rat Median Nerve? The Neuroclasis Classification

Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 18, 2025

Background Peripheral nerve injury commonly results in long-term disability and pain for patients. Recovery after traction or crush is unpredictable depends on the degree of injury. Our inability to accurately assess severity hampers our ability predict chances recovery need surgical intervention form neurolysis, repair, graft. An investigation into histologic sequence mechanics failure under tension may help process assessing injury, prognosis recovery, treatment. Questions/purposes Using an vivo rat model, we asked: (1) What pattern mechanical during stretch? (2) Is there staggered disintegration specific anatomic substructures when occurs? Methods To answer first research question about stretch, four 12-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were enrolled a load-to-failure experiment generating load-deformation curves median nerve. Under anesthesia, nerves both forelimbs surgically exposed secured two blunt metal pins 1 cm apart. A hook was attached load-cell raised from beneath at speed 0.2 mm/second until complete rupture occurred. Applied forces monitored real time via force-time curve. All experiments filmed, euthanized afterward. Based experiments, identified distinct events sudden force reduction stretching curve We labeled these as epineuroclasis second endoneuroclasis. Neuroclasis derives Greek term “neuron” nerve, suffix “-clasis” means breaking fracture. additional eight used investigate whether this caused by anatomical substructures. left stretched point right endoneuroclasis point. Induction confirmed load-time curves, held place 5 minutes before released. Nerve function assessed using handheld electrical stimulator. The harvested histology (to integrity epineurium, axons intraneural vasculature, endoneurial collagen [dis-]organization, well molecular damage), immediately after. uninjured control tissue. Mechanical, functional, findings compared between levels with nerves. Results Load-to-failure revealed characteristic that occurred mean ± SD resistance 2.3 0.5 N 1.4 (mean difference 0.9 0.6 [95% confidence interval 0.4 1.4]; p = 0.003), respectively. Additional investigating points (epineuroclasis) associated epineurium plastic deformation fibers, whereas (endoneuroclasis) tubes, axons, vasculature. Epineuroclasis severely impaired conductivity (median stimulation 25 nC [range 50 nC] preinjury 170 300 epineuroclasis, medians 145 nC; < 0.001). Endoneuroclasis induced even greater functional impairment than 400 2000 endoneuroclasis, 230 0.005). Both could be through live analysis stretch. Conclusion injuries follow structural failure, preceding transection. Clinical Relevance order seems predictable “outside-in” pattern. This inform classification system stretch more reflect pathoanatomy prognosis. offer new based rats. However, future studies are needed validate applicability neuroclasis human peripheral clinical implementation use can proposed. characterization animal model provides framework facilitate development novel diagnostic tools, potentially identifying changes found study acute setting.

Language: Английский

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Mineral and cross-linking in collagen fibrils: The mechanical behavior of bone tissue at the nano-scale

Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials/Journal of mechanical behavior of biomedical materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 159, P. 106697 - 106697

Published: Aug. 23, 2024

The mineralized collagen fibril is the main building block of hard tissues and it directly affects macroscopic mechanics biological such as bone. mechanical behavior itself determined by its structure: content molecules, minerals, cross-links, interactions properties these components. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) form cross-links between tropocollagen molecules within are one important factor that believed to have a major influence on tissue. For instance, has been shown brittleness in bone correlates with increased AGEs densities. However, underlying nano-scale mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we study effect mineral cross-linking deformation fracture performing destructive tensile tests using coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. Our results demonstrate after exceeding critical mineral, induces stiffening at high strain levels. We show morphology location affect mechanics: which this occurs depends mineral's morphology. Further, both, increasing density lead peak stresses. At low contents, response dominated AGEs, while determines mechanics.

Language: Английский

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Productive Chemistry Induced by Mechanochemically Generated Macroradicals

Chemical Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 60(77), P. 10629 - 10641

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Large or repeated mechanical loads degrade polymeric materials by accelerating chain fragmentation. This mechanochemical backbone fracture usually occurs homolysis of otherwise inert C-C, C-O and C-S bonds, generating highly reactive macroradicals. Because is detrimental on its own the resulting macroradicals can initiate damaging reaction cascades, a major thrust in contemporary polymer mechanochemistry to suppress it, release "hidden length" that dissipates local molecular strain. Here we summarize an emerging complementary strategy channelling mechanochemically generated cascades form new load-bearing chemical which enables self-healing self-strengthening, and/or generate mechanofluorescence, could yield detailed quantitative understanding how material-failure-inducing macroscopic distribute across network. We aim identify generalizable lessons derivable from reported implementations this outline key challenges adapting it diverse loading scenarios.

Language: Английский

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DOPA Residues Endow Collagen with Radical Scavenging Capacity**

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 62(24)

Published: April 3, 2023

Abstract Here we uncover collagen, the main structural protein of all connective tissues, as a redox‐active material. We identify dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) residues, post‐translational oxidation products tyrosine to be common in collagen derived from different tissues. observe that these DOPA residues endow with substantial radical scavenging capacity. When reducing radicals, work redox relay: they convert quinone and generate hydrogen peroxide. In this dual function, outcompetes its amino acid precursors ascorbic acid. Our results establish side chains collagens, probably protecting tissues against radicals formed under mechanical stress and/or inflammation.

Language: Английский

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