High-Throughput Two-Photon 3D Printing Enabled by Holographic Multi-Foci High-Speed Scanning

Nano Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(8), P. 2671 - 2679

Published: Feb. 20, 2024

The emerging two-photon polymerization (TPP) technique enables high-resolution printing of complex 3D structures, revolutionizing micro/nano additive manufacturing. Various fast scanning and parallel processing strategies have been proposed to promote its efficiency. However, obtaining large numbers uniform focal spots for high-speed remains challenging, which hampers the realization higher throughput. We report a TPP platform that combines galvanometric mirrors liquid crystal on silicon spatial light modulator (LCoS-SLM). By setting target field at LCoS-SLM's diffraction center, sufficient energy is acquired support simultaneous over 400 foci. With scanning, maximum speed achieves 1.49 × 108 voxels s–1, surpassing existing scanning-based methods while maintaining high resolution flexibility. To demonstrate capability, functional microstructure arrays are rapidly fabricated applied in micro-optics micro-object manipulation. Our method may expand prospects large-scale micro/nanomanufacturing.

Language: Английский

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Recent Advances in Multi‐Photon 3D Laser Printing: Active Materials and Applications

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 36(11)

Published: Nov. 7, 2023

Abstract Since the pioneering work of Kawata and colleagues in 1997, multi‐photon 3D laser printing, also known as direct writing, has made significant advancements a wide range fields. Moreover, development commercialization photocurable inks for this technique have expanded rapidly. One current trends is transition from static to active printable materials, often referred 4D microprinting, which enables new degree control printed systems. This review focuses on four primary application areas: microrobotics, optics photonics, microfluidics, life sciences, highlighting recent progress crucial role including liquid crystalline elastomers, hydrogels, shape memory polymers, composites, among others. It addresses ongoing challenges provides insights into future prospects different

Language: Английский

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Insect‐Scale Biped Robots Based on Asymmetrical Friction Effect Induced by Magnetic Torque

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 36(24)

Published: March 11, 2024

Abstract Multimodal and controllable locomotion in complex terrain is of great importance for practical applications insect‐scale robots. Robust plays a particularly critical role. In this study, mechanism magnetic robots based on asymmetrical friction effect induced by torque revealed defined. The defined overcomes the design constraints imposed both robot substrate structures, enabling realization multimodal terrains. Drawing inspiration from human walking running locomotion, biped proposed, which not only exhibits rapid across substrates with varying coefficients but also achieves precise along patterned trajectories through programmed controlling. Furthermore, apart its exceptional locomotive capabilities, demonstrates remarkable robustness terms load‐carrying weight‐bearing performance. presented herein introduce novel concept designing while offering extensive possibilities robotics.

Language: Английский

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Focused ultrasound enables selective actuation and Newton-level force output of untethered soft robots

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: June 18, 2024

Abstract Untethered miniature soft robots have significant application potentials in biomedical and industrial fields due to their space accessibility safe human interaction. However, the lack of selective forceful actuation is still challenging revolutionizing unleashing versatility. Here, we propose a focused ultrasound-controlled phase transition strategy for achieving millimeter-level spatially Newton-level force robots, which harnesses ultrasound-induced heating trigger inside robot, enabling powerful through inflation. The spatial resolution empowers single robot perform multiple tasks according specific requirements. As concept-of-demonstration, designed liquid cargo delivery biopsy tissue acquisition patching. Additionally, an autonomous control system integrated with ultrasound imaging enable automatic acoustic field alignment control. proposed method advances spatiotemporal response capability untethered holding promise broadening versatility adaptability.

Language: Английский

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Femtosecond laser writing of ant-inspired reconfigurable microbot collectives

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Aug. 23, 2024

Abstract Microbot collectives can cooperate to accomplish complex tasks that are difficult for a single individual. However, various force-induced microbot maintained by weak magnetic, light, and electric fields still face challenges such as unstable connections, the need continuous external stimuli source, imprecise individual control. Here, we construct magnetic light-driven ant capable of reconfiguring multiple assembled architectures with robustness. This methodology utilizes flexible two-photon polymerization strategy fabricate microbots consisting photoresist, hydrogel, metal nanoparticles. Under cooperation light fields, reversibly selectively assemble (e.g., 90° assembly 180° assembly) into morphologies. Moreover, demonstrate ability cross one-body-length gap their adaptive capability move through constriction transport microcargo. Our will broaden abilities clustered microbots, including traversal, micro-object manipulation, drug delivery.

Language: Английский

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Hybrid Femtosecond Laser 3D Processing Technology for Rapid Integration of Functional Optical Devices on Fibers

Laser & Photonics Review, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 11, 2025

Abstract Due to constraints imposed by the geometry characteristics of optical fibers and conventional preparation strategies, development “Lab on Tip” devices faces significant challenges. By introducing two‐photon polymerization (TPP) technology, it becomes feasible develop arbitrarily complex 3D structures with nanoscale features fiber tips. However, serial scanning process TPP is too slow accommodate extensive application expansion tip devices. Herein, a hybrid femtosecond laser processing technology (termed “FPL‐DLW”), developed combining projection lithography (FPL) direct writing (DLW), reported. FPL adopted print bulk base DLW employed for precision realization functional nanostructures. Using common polarizing beam splitter as bridge, two independent systems different polarized light sources are facilely integrated realize processing. The FPL‐DLW utilizes (high‐efficiency) (high‐precision) flexibly fabricate multiple types devices, whose efficiency can be boosted up orders magnitude compared using alone. These results validate that authors’ method provides universal solution rapid integration micro–nanostructures various end facets, which challenging existing technologies.

Language: Английский

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Beyond 3D: Smart Material Systems for Microscale 4D Printing

Advanced Materials Technologies, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 11, 2025

Abstract 4D printing combines advancements in 3D with smart materials that change properties response to external stimuli, enabling the fabrication of functional devices directly from printer. Microscale is rapidly growing, driving discovery and applications new strategies. The interest microscale comes its potential propel industrial transformation across different sectors, ranging advanced healthcare cryptography. However, this requires rational design a good understanding material response. This review starts by describing for printing. technologies micrometer resolution their use are then discussed. focus shifts stimuli respond to, mechanism behind obtained shape changes respect applied methods implemented so far realize complex changing behaviors. Examples within sensing, microactuation, data encryption, cargo transport shown. After discussing current challenges mitigation strategies, suggestions on direction field can take given, starting systematic iterative approach developing microstructures.

Language: Английский

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A Novel Multifunctional Material for Constructing 3D Multi‐Response Structures Using Programmable Two‐Photon Laser Fabrication

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 34(28)

Published: March 10, 2024

Abstract Two‐photon polymerization direct laser writing (TPP‐DLW) technology has gained much popularity due to its precision and flexibility in creating intricate 3D micro/nano‐scale devices machines. While TPP‐DLW enables complex micro/nano patterning, developing multifunctional materials tailored for this process remains a challenge, limiting sophisticated device performance. This work addresses key barriers by introducing novel network polymer with specifically designed TPP‐DLW. The material integrates functional groups allowing submicron spatial arrangement under control. Remarkably, it demonstrates tunable pH response, programmed fluorescence, dynamic reconfiguration upon optical illumination. By leveraging TPP‐DLW's programmability, reconfigurable encrypted microstructures are achieved, representing new printing paradigm beyond single property systems. synthesized responsive properties, combined digital fabrication control, fills critical gaps smart, adaptive Potential applications requiring exquisite control multi‐tasking, such as biomedical sensors, micromachines optics could see transformative advancement. Fundamentally, integrated materials‐processing approach broadens manufacturing design space versatility.

Language: Английский

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4D Printed Soft Microactuator for Particle Manipulation via Surrounding Medium Variation

Small, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 9, 2024

Abstract Soft actuators have assumed vital roles in a diverse number of research and application fields, driving innovation transformative advancements. Using 3D molding smart materials combining these through structural design strategies, single soft actuator can achieve multiple functions. However, it is still challenging to realize that possess high environmental adaptability while capable different tasks. Here, the response threshold modulated by precisely tuning ratio stimulus‐responsive groups hydrogels. By heterogeneous bilayer membrane structure situ multimaterial printing, obtained deformed changes surrounding medium. The medium suitable for both biotic abiotic environments, rate fast. changing medium, precise capture, manipulation, release micron‐sized particles diameters are realized. In addition, static capture red blood cell realized using biologically responsive changes. Finally, experimental results well predicted finite element analysis. It believed with further optimization size autonomous navigation platform, proposed microactuator has significant potential function as an easy‐to‐manipulate multifunctional robot.

Language: Английский

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Constrained Origami Artificial Muscle-Driven Robotic Manipulator Capable of Coordinating Twisting and Grasping Motions for Object Manipulation

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(6), P. 7850 - 7859

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

Grasping and twisting motions are vital when manipulating objects due to their fundamental role in enabling precision, adaptability, effective interaction. However, few studies soft robotics exploiting artificial muscles have achieved object manipulation situ through the coordination of grasping akin our forearm hand's capabilities. Especially, using same muscle module achieve these two will greatly simplify manufacturing control complexity. Here, we introduce identical origami modules (OAMMs) subjected distinct end constraints into design robotic manipulator, allowing it independent effective, precise manipulation. Applying different OAMMs yields at ends, where utilizing a fixed sliding realizes pure translation, while opting for rotating enables rotation. The differentially constrained then serve as actuators manipulator's torsional mechanism accomplish independent, controllable motions. finally manipulator complete various tasks, including installing light bubble, pouring water from lidded bottle cup, sorting stacking puzzle blocks. Our study pioneers utilization versatile

Language: Английский

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