Controlling the Spatiotemporal Self-Organization of Stimuli-Responsive Nanocrystals under Out-of-Equilibrium Conditions

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 3, 2025

Self-organization under out-of-equilibrium conditions is ubiquitous in natural systems for the generation of hierarchical solid-state patterns complex structures with intricate properties. Efforts applying this strategy to synthetic materials that mimic biological function have resulted remarkable demonstrations programmable self-healing and adaptive materials. However, extension these efforts multifunctional stimuli-responsive across defined spatial distributions remains an unrealized technological opportunity. This paper describes use a nonequilibrium reaction–diffusion process achieve synthesis electrically conductive metal–organic framework (cMOF) gelled medium control over particle size periodicity on macroscopic scale. Upon integration into chemiresistive devices, resulting cMOF particles exhibit size-dependent response toward hydrogen sulfide gas, as determined by their distinct surface-to-volume ratio, porosity, unique methodology, unusual microcrystallite morphology compared counterparts obtained through bulk solution phase synthesis. Taken altogether, achievements pave way gaining access functional nanomaterials well-defined chemical composition, dimensions, precisely tailored functions using far-from-equilibrium approaches.

Language: Английский

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Robust undulatory locomotion through neuromechanical adjustments in a dissipative medium

Journal of The Royal Society Interface, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 22(222)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Dissipative environments are ubiquitous in nature, from microscopic swimmers low-Reynolds-number fluids to macroscopic animals frictional media. In this study, we consider a mathematical model of slender elastic locomotor with an internal rhythmic neural pattern generator examine various undulatory locomotion such as Caenorhabditis elegans swimming and crawling behaviours. By using local mechanical load mechanosensory feedback, have found that robustly emerges different rheological This progressive behaviour is then characterized global attractor through dynamical systems analysis Poincaré section. Furthermore, by controlling the mechanosensation, were able design manoeuvre progressive, reverse turning motions well apparently random, complex behaviours, reminiscent those experimentally observed C. elegans. The mechanisms together our methodology, useful for deciphering animal adaptive behaviours designing robots capable wide range dissipative environments.

Language: Английский

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The reaction-diffusion basis of animated patterns in eukaryotic flagella

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Sept. 27, 2023

The flagellar beat of bull spermatozoa and C. Reinhardtii are modelled by a minimal, geometrically exact, reaction-diffusion system. Spatio-temporal animated patterns describe waves, analogous to chemical-patterns from classical systems, with sliding-controlled molecular motor reaction-kinetics. system is derived first principles as consequence the high-internal dissipation flagellum relative external hydrodynamic dissipation. Quantitative comparison nonlinear, large-amplitude simulations shows that account for experimental beating both sperm Reinhardtii. Our results suggest unified mechanism may exist motors controlled sliding, without requiring curvature-sensing, uninfluenced hydrodynamics. High-internal instigates autonomous travelling waves independently fluid, enabling progressive swimming, otherwise not possible, in low viscosity environments, potentially critical fertilizers aquatic microorganisms. prove powerful tool studying pattern formation movement on structures.

Language: Английский

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Twist–torsion coupling in beating axonemes

Nature Physics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 24, 2025

Language: Английский

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The ancient and helical architecture of Elasmobranchii’s spermatozoa enables progressive motility in viscous environments

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 20(2), P. e0319354 - e0319354

Published: Feb. 25, 2025

Subclass Elasmobranchii belongs to an old evolutionary class of Chondrichthyes that diverged 450 mya, presenting a wide diversity reproductive strategies while preserving the ancient mode internal fertilization. Despite such success, many species in this group are at serious risk extinction. Understanding principles sperm progressive motility and physiology vertebrates is crucial for advancing future assisted techniques safeguard deepening our understanding evolution reproduction. possess big spermatozoa (compared bony fishes) with elongated helical head tail similar one currently existing (but later diverged) birds, reptiles, amphibians, which can be considered ancient. These structures may associated necessity penetrate viscous ovarian fluid or jelly layer eggs, suggesting environmental viscosity as driving pressure shaping large-sized heads into shapes through evolution. We observed high-speed video microscopy capture flagellar motion three species: freshwater ray Potamotrygon motoro , marine skate Raja asterias shark Scyliorhinus canicula . investigated effect on parameters its ability break free from spermatozeugmata, move progressively, perform directional changes. After 20 min observation, spermatozeugmata conserved their structure low media 1000 mOsm/kg osmolality. In comparison, no remaining could found high-viscosity 2% methylcellulose (MC) all due motion. find spermatozoa’s unique head-to-flagellum architecture specific promote locomotion fluid; they cannot progressively viscosity. The highest velocity was 0.75% MC 1% sperm. Viscosity stabilizes propagation, producing rotational forces allowing “screw” media. Our observations suggest surrounding critical enabling control direction via newly buckling high As such, key element controlling regulating performance navigation during fertilization species.

Language: Английский

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Mechano-adaptive meta-gels through synergistic chemical and physical information-processing

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Oct. 17, 2024

Global functional adaptation after local mechanical stimulation, as in mechanobiology and the mimosa plant, is fascinating ubiquitous nature. This achieved by locally sensing deformation with precise thresholds, processing this information via biochemical circuits, followed downstream actuation. The integration of such embodied intelligence allowing for mechano-to-chemo-to-function information-processing remains elusive man-made systems. By merging fields chemical circuits metamaterials, we introduce adaptive metamaterial hydrogels (meta-gels) that can accurately sense stimuli (local touch global strain), transmit over long distances reaction-diffusion signaling, induce strengthening growing nanofibril networks, or soft robotic actuation through competitive swelling. All elements sensor-processor-actuator system are embedded device, functioning autonomously without external feeding reservoirs. Our concept enables designing advanced life-like materials systems synergistically combine two worlds - unit cells physical information-processing.

Language: Английский

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Theoretical relationships between axoneme distortion and internal forces and torques in ciliary beating

Cytoskeleton, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 28, 2024

Abstract The axoneme is an intricate nanomachine responsible for generating the propulsive oscillations of cilia and flagella in astonishing variety organisms. New imaging techniques based on cryoelectron‐tomography (cryo‐ET) subtomogram averaging have revealed detailed structures its components with sub‐nm resolution, but mechanical function each component how assembly generates remains stubbornly unclear. Most explanations oscillatory behavior rely dynamic regulation dynein by some signal, this may not be necessary if system dynein‐driven slender filaments dynamically unstable. Understanding possibility instability‐driven requires a multifilament model that accounts distortions as it bends. Active bending forces moments will tend to change spacing alignment doublets. We hypothesize resist respond these loads ways are critical beating. Specifically, we propose (i) radial spokes provide torsional stiffness resisting misalignment (as well spacing) between central pair outer doublets, (ii) kinematics arms affect relationships active deforming These proposed enhance ability theoretical, models axonemal beating generate waveforms via instability.

Language: Английский

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Slow-fast dynamics in non-linear enzyme cascades gives rise to spatial multiscaling.

Chaos Solitons & Fractals, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 188, P. 115594 - 115594

Published: Oct. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Active fluctuations of axoneme oscillations scale with number of dynein motors

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 121(46)

Published: Nov. 5, 2024

Fluxes of energy generate active forces in living matter, yet also fluctuations. As a canonical example, collections molecular motors exhibit spontaneous oscillations with frequency jitter caused by nonequilibrium phase We investigate fluctuations reactivated Chlamydomonas reinhardtii axonemes, which are accessible to direct manipulation. quantify the precision axonemal after controlled chemical removal dynein motors, providing an experimental test for theory prediction that quality factor motor should increase number. Our quantification reveals specialized roles inner and outer arm motors. This supports model dyneins serve as master pace-makers, become entrained, consistent recent insight provided structural biology.

Language: Английский

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Mechanical guidance to self-organization and pattern formation of stem cells

Soft Matter, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 20(16), P. 3448 - 3457

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

The self-organization of stem cells (SCs) constitutes the fundamental basis development biological organs and structures. SC-driven patterns are essential for tissue engineering, yet unguided SCs tend to form chaotic patterns, impeding progress in biomedical engineering. Here, we show that simple geometric constraints can be used as an effective mechanical modulation approach promotes controlled pattern formation SCs. Using applied SC guidance with constraints, experimentally uncover a remarkable deviation cell aggregate orientation from random direction specific orientation. Subsequently, propose dynamic framework, including cells, extracellular matrix (ECM), culture environment, characterize deflection guided aggregates relative initial which agrees well experimental observation. Based on this further devise various theoretical strategies realize complex such radial concentric Our study highlights key role factors governing SCs' self-organization. These findings yield critical insights into regulation hold great promise advancements engineering bioactive material design regenerative application.

Language: Английский

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