Profiling serum immunodominance following SARS-CoV-2 primary and breakthrough infection reveals distinct variant-specific epitope usage and immune imprinting DOI Creative Commons
Jeffrey Seow,

George Jefferson,

Michael D. Keegan

et al.

PLoS Pathogens, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 20(11), P. e1012724 - e1012724

Published: Nov. 18, 2024

Over the course of COVID-19 pandemic, variants have emerged with increased mutations and immune evasive capabilities. This has led to breakthrough infections (BTI) in vaccinated individuals, a large proportion neutralizing antibody response targeting receptor binding domain (RBD) SARS-CoV-2 Spike glycoprotein. Immune imprinting, where prior exposure system an antigen can influence subsequent exposures, its role population heterogenous histories important implications future vaccine design. Here, we develop accessible approach map epitope immunodominance sera. By using panel mutant proteins pseudotyped virus neutralization assay, observed distinct usage convalescent donors infected during wave 1, or Delta, BA.1 variants, highlighting antigenic diversity variant Spikes. Analysis longitudinal serum samples taken spanning 3 doses infection, showed imprinting from ancestral-based vaccine, reactivation existing B cells elicited by resulted enrichment pre-existing immunodominance. However, subtle shifts sera were following BTI Omicron sub-lineage variants. Antigenic distance Spike, time after last exposure, number boosters may play persistence vaccine. study provides insight into RBD individuals varying for design vaccines.

Language: Английский

Impact of pre-Omicron COVID-19 vaccine boosters on the risk of Omicron variant infections: A systematic review and meta-regression DOI Creative Commons

Bing-Yi Pan,

IShin Tseng,

Yen‐Chen Anne Feng

et al.

Journal of the Formosan Medical Association, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

1
From Detection to Protection: Antibodies and Their Crucial Role in Diagnosing and Combatting SARS-CoV-2 DOI Creative Commons
Anoop Kumar, Prajna Tripathi, Prashant Kumar

et al.

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(5), P. 459 - 459

Published: April 25, 2024

Understanding the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2, virus responsible for COVID-19, is crucial comprehending disease progression and significance of vaccine therapeutic development. The emergence highly contagious variants poses a significant challenge humoral immunity, underscoring necessity grasping intricacies specific antibodies. This review emphasizes pivotal role antibodies in shaping immune responses their implications diagnosing, preventing, treating SARS-CoV-2 infection. It delves into kinetics characteristics explores current antibody-based diagnostics, discussing strengths, clinical utility, limitations. Furthermore, we underscore potential SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies, various therapies such as monoclonal polyclonal anti-cytokines, convalescent plasma, hyperimmunoglobulin-based therapies. Moreover, offer insights vaccines, emphasizing neutralizing order confer immunity along with emerging concern (VOCs) circulating Omicron subvariants. We also highlight challenges field, risks antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) shed light on associated original antigenic sin (OAS) effect long COVID. Overall, this intends provide valuable insights, which are advancing sensitive diagnostic tools, identifying efficient therapeutics, developing effective vaccines combat evolving threat global scale.

Language: Английский

Citations

5
Vaccination against rapidly evolving pathogens and the entanglements of memory DOI
Sarah Cobey

Nature Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(11), P. 2015 - 2023

Published: Oct. 9, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

3
Effect of XBB.1.5-adapted booster vaccination on the imprinting of SARS-CoV-2 immunity DOI Creative Commons
Jernej Pušnik,

Werner O. Monzon-Posadas,

Emmanuil Osypchuk

et al.

npj Vaccines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Nov. 21, 2024

Abstract In the present study, Pušnik et al. investigated whether XBB.1.5-adapted booster can overcome persistent imprinting of SARS-CoV-2 immunity by wild-type based vaccines. The findings demonstrate increased plasma neutralization against homologous variant following vaccination. Formation de novo humoral response mutated epitopes XBB.1.5 variant’s surface proteins was observed in 3/20 individuals. vaccination had no significant effect on T-cell response.

Language: Английский

Citations

3
Computational Modeling of Transformations of Epidemic Waves of BA.2.86/JN.1 SAR-COV-2 Coronavirus Variants on the Basis of Hybrid Oscillators DOI
A. Yu. Perevaryukha

Technical Physics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 12, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Detrimental Effects of Anti-Nucleocapsid Antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 Infection, Reinfection, and the Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 DOI Creative Commons

Emi E. Nakayama,

Tatsuo Shioda

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(12), P. 1109 - 1109

Published: Dec. 15, 2024

Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) is a phenomenon in which antibodies enhance subsequent viral infections rather than preventing them. Sub-optimal levels of neutralizing individuals infected with dengue virus are known to be associated severe disease upon reinfection different serotype. For Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus type-2 infection, three types ADE have been proposed: (1) Fc receptor-dependent infection cells expressing receptors, such as macrophages by anti-spike antibodies, (2) receptor-independent epithelial and (3) cytokine production anti-nucleocapsid antibodies. This review focuses on the induced examining its potential role COVID-19 during contribution post-acute sequelae COVID-19, i.e., prolonged symptoms lasting at least months after acute phase disease. We also discuss protective effects recently identified that neutralize Omicron variants.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Initial antigen encounter determines robust T-cell immunity against SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.86 variant three years later DOI Creative Commons
Rocío Rubio, Alexei Yavlinsky,

Marina Escalera Zamudio

et al.

Journal of Infection, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 106402 - 106402

Published: Dec. 1, 2024

We aimed to evaluate the adaptive immune responses' cross-recognition of hypermutated SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.86 variant and identify determinants influencing this recognition.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Initial antigen encounter determines robust T-cell immunity against SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.86 variant three years later DOI Creative Commons
Rocío Rubio, Alexei Yavlinsky,

Marina Escalera Zamudio

et al.

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Aug. 9, 2024

Background The emergence of the hypermutated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) BA.2.86 variant raises significant concerns due to its potential evade pre-existing immunity. Methods We measured cross-reactivity neutralizing antibodies and T-cell responses in 52 previously exposed participants investigated clinic-demographic viral genetic determinants affecting responses. Findings found that despite notable escape from antibodies, remained generally preserved, albeit with a but small loss cross-recognition (7.5 %, 14.2 % 10.8 average for IFN-g, IL-2 IFN-g + IL-2, respectively, p < 0.05). This is consistent prediction 6 out 10 immunodominant epitopes (TCEs) altered by lineage-defining mutations have reduced peptide presentation. effect expected be mitigated total TCEs across genome. Remarkably, were 3.5 (IFN-g), (IL-2) 2.4 (IFN-g IL-2) times higher when first induced natural infection rather than vaccination three years before, increasing number infections, ancestral/Delta Omicron infections. Interpretation Our findings underscore critical role factors influencing immunity against evolving SARS-CoV-2 variants, such as antigen encounter (vaccination or infection), which essential developing effective control strategies variants. Funding European Union (Horizon Europe), Fundacio Privada Daniel Bravo Andreu, Catalan Government (PERIS, CERCA), Spanish Ministry Science, Rosetrees Trust, Pears Foundation.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Understanding the landscape of the SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific T cells post‐omicron surge DOI
Akshay Binayke,

Aymaan Zaheer,

Siddhesh Vishwakarma

et al.

Journal of Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 96(8)

Published: Aug. 1, 2024

Emerging evidence shows increased humoral response post-omicron surge, but research on T cell responses is limited. This study investigated the durability, magnitude, and breadth of SARS-CoV-2-spike-specific in 216 two-dose vaccinated individuals pre- surge. Post-surge samples showed enhanced responses, indicating widespread asymptomatic exposure to omicron. Further analysis 105 with multiple exposures SARS-CoV-2 through boosters or infections that post-omicron, had comparable those COVID-19 convalescents boosted individuals. Additionally, we report cross-reactive against omicron sub-variants, including BA2.86, remained strong, preserved frequencies spike-specific stem-cell-like memory cells. In silico prediction indicates mutated epitopes JN.1 KP.2 retain over 95.6% their HLA binding capability. Overall, our data suggests are sustained, enhanced, emerging variants following symptomatic infection.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Profiling serum immunodominance following SARS-CoV-2 primary and breakthrough infection reveals distinct variant-specific epitope usage and immune imprinting DOI Creative Commons
Jeffrey Seow,

George Jefferson,

Michael D. Keegan

et al.

PLoS Pathogens, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 20(11), P. e1012724 - e1012724

Published: Nov. 18, 2024

Over the course of COVID-19 pandemic, variants have emerged with increased mutations and immune evasive capabilities. This has led to breakthrough infections (BTI) in vaccinated individuals, a large proportion neutralizing antibody response targeting receptor binding domain (RBD) SARS-CoV-2 Spike glycoprotein. Immune imprinting, where prior exposure system an antigen can influence subsequent exposures, its role population heterogenous histories important implications future vaccine design. Here, we develop accessible approach map epitope immunodominance sera. By using panel mutant proteins pseudotyped virus neutralization assay, observed distinct usage convalescent donors infected during wave 1, or Delta, BA.1 variants, highlighting antigenic diversity variant Spikes. Analysis longitudinal serum samples taken spanning 3 doses infection, showed imprinting from ancestral-based vaccine, reactivation existing B cells elicited by resulted enrichment pre-existing immunodominance. However, subtle shifts sera were following BTI Omicron sub-lineage variants. Antigenic distance Spike, time after last exposure, number boosters may play persistence vaccine. study provides insight into RBD individuals varying for design vaccines.

Language: Английский

Citations

0