bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Nov. 7, 2024
Abstract
The
key
elements
for
fear
extinction
learning
are
unexpected
omissions
of
expected
aversive
events,
which
considered
to
be
rewarding.
Given
its
reception
reward
information,
we
tested
the
hypothesis
that
cerebellum
contributes
prediction
error
processing
driving
via
connections
with
ventral
tegmental
area
(VTA).
Forty-three
young
and
healthy
participants
performed
a
three-day
conditioning
paradigm
in
7T
MR
scanner.
VTA
were
active
during
unconditioned
stimuli,
particularly
initial
trials.
Increased
functional
connectivity
was
observed
between
VTA,
indicating
could
positively
modulate
activity,
turn
might
facilitate
dopaminergic
signaling
learning.
These
results
imply
an
interaction
should
incorporated
into
existing
model
network.
Science Advances,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
10(45)
Published: Nov. 8, 2024
Specific
regions
in
the
cognitive
cerebellum
are
connected
to
distinct
cerebral
association
networks.
Do
these
cerebellar
exhibit
functional
specialization
similar
cortex?
Here,
we
mapped
within
intensively
studied
participants
(
N
=
15)
first
using
connectivity
estimate
linked
specific
networks
and
then
prospectively
testing
response
properties
task
data
each
individual’s
own
idiosyncratic
anatomy.
A
large
megacluster
extending
across
Crus
I/II
was
consistently
found
with
subregions
five
higher-order
more
variable
smaller
cluster
lobule
IX.
Within
megacluster,
responded
domain-flexible
control,
while
juxtaposed
differentially
language,
social,
spatial/episodic
demands.
Similarly
organized
clusters
also
exist
caudate
consistent
presence
of
multiple
basal
ganglia–cerebellar–cerebral
cortical
circuits
that
maintain
their
entire
distributed
extents.
The Cerebellum,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
24(2)
Published: Jan. 14, 2025
Abstract
Historically,
Friedreich’s
Ataxia
(FRDA)
has
been
linked
to
a
relatively
preserved
cerebellar
cortex.
Recent
advances
in
neuroimaging
have
revealed
altered
cerebello-cerebral
functional
connectivity
(FC),
but
the
extent
of
intra-cerebellar
FC
changes
and
their
impact
on
cognition
remains
unclear.
This
study
investigates
alterations
cognitive
implications
FRDA.
In
this
cross-sectional,
single-center
study,
resting-state
MRI
data
from
17
patients
with
FRDA
(average
age
27.7
±
13.6
years;
F/M
=
6/11)
20
healthy
controls
(HC)
29.4
9.7
9/11),
all
whom
underwent
neuropsychological
testing,
were
analyzed.
From
matrices,
graph
measures
computed
at
both
network
node
levels
using
two
complementary
parcellations.
exhibited
decreased
global
efficiency
(
p
0.04),
nodal
degree
0.001)
betweenness
centrality
0.04)
vermal
portion
lobule
VIII,
along
reduced
regions
belonging
Control-A
0.02),
one
three
subdivisions
Frontoparietal
network.
Verbal
memory
deficits
correlated
VIII
r
0.53,
0.02)
0.49,
0.05).
Graph
analysis
regional
FRDA,
marked
by
vermis
responsible
for
executive
functions.
These
alterations,
highlighting
role
cortex
impairment
observed
The
key
elements
for
fear
extinction
learning
are
unexpected
omissions
of
expected
aversive
events,
which
considered
to
be
rewarding.
Given
its
reception
reward
information,
we
tested
the
hypothesis
that
cerebellum
contributes
prediction
error
processing
driving
via
connections
with
ventral
tegmental
area
(VTA).
Forty-three
young
and
healthy
participants
performed
a
three-day
conditioning
paradigm
in
7T
MR
scanner.
VTA
were
active
during
unconditioned
stimuli,
particularly
initial
trials.
Increased
functional
connectivity
was
observed
between
VTA,
indicating
could
positively
modulate
activity,
turn
might
facilitate
dopaminergic
signaling
learning.
These
results
imply
an
interaction
should
incorporated
into
existing
model
network.
The
key
elements
for
fear
extinction
learning
are
unexpected
omissions
of
expected
aversive
events,
which
considered
to
be
rewarding.
Given
its
reception
reward
information,
we
tested
the
hypothesis
that
cerebellum
contributes
prediction
error
processing
driving
via
connections
with
ventral
tegmental
area
(VTA).
Forty-three
young
and
healthy
participants
performed
a
three-day
conditioning
paradigm
in
7T
MR
scanner.
VTA
were
active
during
unconditioned
stimuli,
particularly
initial
trials.
Increased
functional
connectivity
was
observed
between
VTA,
indicating
could
positively
modulate
activity,
turn
might
facilitate
dopaminergic
signaling
learning.
These
results
imply
an
interaction
should
incorporated
into
existing
model
network.
Research Square (Research Square),
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: March 26, 2025
AbstractBackground
and
Objective:
Spinocerebellar
degeneration
(SCD)
is
characterized
by
cerebellar
atrophy
motor
learning
impairment.
Using
CerebNet,
a
deep-learning
algorithm
for
segmentation,
this
study
investigated
the
relationship
between
subregion
volumes
ability.
Methods:
We
analyzed
data
from
37
patients
with
SCD
18
healthy
controls.
we
segmented
four
subregions:
anterior
lobe,
superior
posterior
inferior
vermis.
Regression
analyses
examined
associations
performance
(Adaptation
Index;
AI)
ataxia
severity
(Scale
Assessment
Rating
of
Ataxia;
SARA).
Results:
The
lobe
volume
showed
significant
positive
association
AI
in
both
single
(B
=
0.09;
95%
CI:
[0.03,
0.16])
multiple
linear
regression
0.11;
[0.008,
0.2]).
SARA
scores
correlated
vermis
analyses,
but
these
were
not
maintained
analysis.
This
selective
suggests
lobe's
specialized
role
processes.
Conclusion:
reveals
distinct
patients,
advancing
our
understanding
function
potentially
informing
targeted
rehabilitation
approaches.
Our
findings
highlight
value
advanced
imaging
technologies
structure-function
relationships
disorders.
Neurological Sciences,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: April 21, 2025
Abstract
Background
Chronic
unilateral
vestibulopathy
(CUVP)
is
one
of
the
most
common
causes
chronic
dizziness/vertigo.
The
brain
functional
mechanisms
CUVP
are
currently
unclear.
study
aimed
to
clarify
changes
in
topological
properties
and
subnetwork
connectivity
patients,
elucidating
neural
behind
their
poor
dynamic
compensation.
Methods
A
total
44
participants
were
included
(22
patients
22
age-
sex-matched
healthy
controls).
Resting-state
MRI
was
performed
on
all
subjects.
Network-Based
Statistics
(NBS)
analysis
conducted
identify
abnormal
circuits
CUVP.
Graph-theoretical
(GTA)
elucidate
network
properties.
Correlation
examine
relationship
between
clinical
symptom
severity.
Results
NBS
revealed
an
with
key
nodes
including
parieto-insular
vestibular
cortex,
sensory-motor
occipital
visual
brainstem,
cerebellum.
significant
abnormalities
observed
brainstem
visual/sensorimotor
networks.
indicated
increased
characteristic
path
length,
decreased
global
local
efficiency
patients.
Node
showed
reduced
node
clustering
coefficients
multiple
within
sensorimotor
that
topology
brainstem-sensorimotor
negatively
correlated
DHI
scores.
Conclusion
exhibit
multisensory
integration
at
both
brainstem/cerebellar
cortical
levels,
which
may
underlie
potential
basis
for
compensation
