Can We Harness “Enviromics” to Accelerate Crop Improvement by Integrating Breeding and Agronomy?

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Sept. 10, 2021

The diverse consequences of genotype-by-environment (GxE) interactions determine trait phenotypes across levels biological organization for crops, challenging our ambition to predict from genomic information alone. GxE have many implications optimizing both genetic gain through plant breeding and crop productivity on-farm agronomic management. Advances in genomics technologies provided suitable predictors the genotype dimension interactions. Emerging advances high-throughput proximal remote sensor stimulated development “enviromics” as a community practice, which has potential provide environment Recently, several bespoke examples emerged demonstrating nascent enhancing prediction yield other complex plants including effects within models. These encouraging results motivate new methods accelerate improvement. If we can automate identify harness sets coordinated genotypic environmental predictors, this will open opportunities upscale operationalize This would foundation accelerating improvement integrating contributions agronomy. Here draw on experience maize range water-driven environments US corn-belt. We perspectives case study prioritize promising further develop methodologies integrated approaches wider crops targets.

Language: Английский

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Progress and challenges in sorghum biotechnology, a multipurpose feedstock for the bioeconomy

Journal of Experimental Botany, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 73(3), P. 646 - 664

Published: Oct. 11, 2021

Abstract Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is the fifth most important cereal crop globally by harvested area and production. Its drought heat tolerance allow high yields with minimal input. It a promising biomass for production of biofuels bioproducts. In addition, as an annual diploid relatively small genome compared other C4 grasses, excellent germplasm diversity, sorghum research species crops such maize. As result, increasing number researchers are looking to test transferability findings from organisms Arabidopsis thaliana Brachypodium distachyon sorghum, well engineer new varieties. Here, we provide overview multipurpose feedstock which can support growing bioeconomy, monocot model system. We review what makes successful identify some key traits future improvement. assess recent progress in transformation highlight how limitations still restrict its widespread adoption. Finally, summarize available genetic, genomic, bioinformatics resources. This intended research, those wishing include non-food forage applications their research.

Language: Английский

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Omics-Facilitated Crop Improvement for Climate Resilience and Superior Nutritive Value

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Dec. 1, 2021

Novel crop improvement approaches, including those that facilitate for the exploitation of wild relatives and underutilized species harboring much-needed natural allelic variation are indispensable if we to develop climate-smart crops with enhanced abiotic biotic stress tolerance, higher nutritive value, superior traits agronomic importance. Top among these approaches “omics” technologies, genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, phenomics, their integration, whose deployment has been vital in revealing several key genes, proteins metabolic pathways underlying numerous importance, aiding marker-assisted breeding major species. Here, citing relevant examples, appraise our understanding on recent developments omics technologies how they driving quest breed climate resilient crops. Large-scale genome resequencing, pan-genomes genome-wide association studies identification analysis species-level variations, whilst RNA-sequencing driven transcriptomics provided unprecedented opportunities conducting response studies. Meanwhile, single cell is slowly becoming an tool decoding cell-specific responses, although technical experimental design challenges still need be resolved. Additionally, refinement conventional techniques advent modern, high-resolution proteomics necessitated a gradual shift from general descriptive plant protein abundances large scale protein-metabolite interactions. Especially, metabolomics currently receiving special attention, owing role metabolites play as intermediates close links phenotypic expression. Further, high throughput phenomics applications targeting new research domains such root system architecture analysis, exploration root-associated microbes improved health resilience. Overall, coupling multi-omics modern genetic engineering methods ensures all-encompassing approach developing nutritionally-rich productivity can sustainably sufficiently meet current future food, nutrition energy demands.

Language: Английский

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Sorghum genetic, genomic, and breeding resources

Planta, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 254(6)

Published: Nov. 5, 2021

Sorghum research has entered an exciting and fruitful era due to the genetic, genomic, breeding resources that are now available researchers plant breeders. As world faces challenges of a rising population changing global climate, new agricultural solutions will need be developed address food fiber needs future. To end, sorghum invaluable crop species as it is stress-resistant C4 well adapted for semi-arid arid regions. already remained staple in many parts Africa Asia critically important animal feed niche culinary applications other regions, such United States. In addition, begun into promising feedstock forage bioenergy production. Due this increasing demand its potential these needs, continuous development powerful community required. These include vast collections germplasm, high-quality reference genome sequences, association panels genome-wide studies traits involved production, mutant populations rapid discovery causative genes phenotypes relevant improvement, gene expression atlas, online databases integrate all provide with tools can used genomic studies. Used tandem, valuable ensure rate, quality, collaborative ongoing improvement efforts able rival major crops.

Language: Английский

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Application of crop wild relatives in modern breeding: An overview of resources, experimental and computational methodologies

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Nov. 17, 2022

Global agricultural industries are under pressure to meet the future food demand; however, existing crop genetic diversity might not be sufficient this expectation. Advances in genome sequencing technologies and availability of reference genomes for over 300 plant species reveals hidden wild relatives (CWRs), which could have significant impacts improvement. There many ex-situ in-situ resources around world holding rare valuable species, carry agronomically important traits it is crucial users aware their availability. Here we aim explore available ex-/in- situ such as genebanks, botanical gardens, national parks, conservation hotspots inventories CWR accessions. In addition highlight advances use genomic resources, contribution pangenome construction introducing novel genes into crops. We also discuss potential challenges modern breeding experimental approaches (e.g. de novo domestication, editing speed breeding) used CWRs computational machine learning) that up utilization programs towards adaptability yield

Language: Английский

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