Microglia Fighting for Neurological and Mental Health: On the Central Nervous System Frontline of COVID-19 Pandemic DOI Creative Commons
Elisa Gonçalves de Andrade, Eva Šimončičová, Micaël Carrier

et al.

Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Feb. 18, 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is marked by cardio-respiratory alterations, with increasing reports also indicating neurological and psychiatric symptoms in infected individuals. During COVID-19 pathology, the central nervous system (CNS) possibly affected direct severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) invasion, exaggerated systemic inflammatory responses, or hypoxia. Psychosocial stress imposed pandemic further affects CNS of patients, but non-infected population, potentially contributing to emergence exacerbation various mental health disorders. Microglia are players homeostasis maintenance response that exert their crucial functions coordination other cells. homeostatic challenges brain parenchyma, microglia modify density, morphology, molecular signature, resulting adjustment functions. In this review, we discuss how may be involved neuroprotective neurotoxic responses against insults deriving from COVID-19. We examine these explain, at least partially, manifestations reported patients general population. Furthermore, consider might contribute increased vulnerability certain groups, such as aged individuals people pre-existing conditions.

Language: Английский

Long-Term Respiratory and Neurological Sequelae of COVID-19 DOI
Fuzhou Wang, Richard M. Kream, George B. Stefano

et al.

Medical Science Monitor, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 26

Published: Nov. 1, 2020

Since the initial reports of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China late 2019, infections from severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have spread rapidly, resulting a global pandemic that has caused millions deaths. Initially, large number infected people required direction healthcare resources to provide supportive care for acutely ill population an attempt reduce mortality. While clinical trials safe and effective antiviral agents are ongoing, vaccine development programs being accelerated, long-term sequelae SARS-CoV-2 infection become increasingly recognized concerning. Although upper lower tracts main sites entry into body, COVID-19 pneumonia as most common presentation, lung damage may be followed by pulmonary fibrosis chronic impairment function, with impaired quality life. Also, increasing shown involves central nervous system (CNS) peripheral (PNS) directly or indirectly damages neurons, leading neurological sequelae. This review aims update on mechanisms involved 3 areas injury, neuronal neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer disease, Parkinson multiple sclerosis, highlights need patient monitoring following stage rationale prevention, diagnosis, management these potential

Language: Английский

Citations

417
COVID‐19: immunopathology, pathophysiological mechanisms, and treatment options DOI Creative Commons
Larissa E. van Eijk, Mathijs Binkhorst, Arno R. Bourgonje

et al.

The Journal of Pathology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 254(4), P. 307 - 331

Published: Feb. 17, 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), continues to spread globally despite the worldwide implementation of preventive measures combat disease. Although most COVID-19 cases are characterised a mild, self-limiting course, considerable subset patients develop more condition, varying from pneumonia and distress (ARDS) multi-organ failure (MOF). Progression is thought occur as result complex interplay between multiple pathophysiological mechanisms, all which may orchestrate SARS-CoV-2 infection contribute organ-specific tissue damage. In this respect, dissecting currently available knowledge immunopathogenesis crucially important, not only improve our understanding its pathophysiology but also fuel rationale both novel repurposed treatment modalities. Various immune-mediated pathways during relevant in context, relate innate immunity, adaptive autoimmunity. Pathological findings specimens with provide valuable information regard well development evidence-based regimens. This review provides an updated overview main pathological changes observed within commonly affected organ systems, special emphasis on immunopathology. Current management strategies for include supportive care use or symptomatic drugs, such dexamethasone, remdesivir, anticoagulants. Ultimately, prevention key COVID-19, requires appropriate attenuate and, above all, effective vaccines. © 2021 The Authors. Journal Pathology published John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. behalf Society Great Britain Ireland.

Language: Английский

Citations

124
Long COVID and neuropsychiatric manifestations (Review) DOI Open Access
Vasiliki Efstathiou, Maria‐Ioanna Stefanou,

Marina Demetriou

et al.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(5)

Published: April 1, 2022

There is accumulating evidence in the literature indicating that a number of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19) may experience range neuropsychiatric symptoms, persisting or even presenting following resolution acute COVID‑19. Among manifestations more frequently associated 'long COVID' are depression, anxiety, post‑traumatic stress disorder, sleep disturbances, fatigue and cognitive deficits, can potentially be debilitating negatively affect patients' wellbeing, albeit majority cases symptoms tend to improve over time. Despite variations results obtained from studies using different methodological approaches define syndrome, most widely accepted factors higher risk developing include severity foregoing COVID‑19, female sex, presence comorbidities, history mental health an elevation levels inflammatory markers, further research required establish causal associations. To date, pathophysiological mechanisms implicated remain only partially elucidated, while role indirect effects COVID‑19 pandemic, such as social isolation uncertainty concerning social, financial recovery post‑COVID, have also been highlighted. Given alarming 'long‑COVID', interdisciplinary cooperation for early identification who at high persistent presentations, beyond recovery, crucial ensure appropriate integrated physical support provided, aim mitigating risks long‑term disability societal individual level.

Language: Английский

Citations

78
The reciprocal interactions between microglia and T cells in Parkinson’s disease: a double-edged sword DOI Creative Commons

Yuxiang Xu,

Yongjie Li, Changqing Wang

et al.

Journal of Neuroinflammation, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: Feb. 12, 2023

In Parkinson's disease (PD), neurotoxic microglia, Th1 cells, and Th17 cells are overactivated. Overactivation of these immune exacerbates the process leads to pathological development pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, contact-killing compounds, causing loss dopaminergic neurons. So far, we have mainly focused on role specific class in PD while neglecting impact interactions among disease. Therefore, this review demonstrates reciprocal interplays between microglia T associated subpopulations through cytokine chemokine production that impair and/or protect PD. Furthermore, potential targets models neuroinflammation highlighted provide new ideas/directions for future research.

Language: Английский

Citations

47
Detection of SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins and genomic sequences in human brainstem nuclei DOI Creative Commons
Aron Emmi, Stefania Rizzo, Luisa Barzon

et al.

npj Parkinson s Disease, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Feb. 13, 2023

Neurological manifestations are common in COVID-19, the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. Despite reports of SARS-CoV-2 detection brain and cerebrospinal fluid COVID-19 patients, it is still unclear whether virus can infect central nervous system, which neuropathological alterations be ascribed to viral tropism, rather than immune-mediated mechanisms. Here, we assess 24 patients 18 matched controls who died due pneumonia/respiratory failure. Aside from a wide spectrum alterations, SARS-CoV-2-immunoreactive neurons were detected dorsal medulla substantia nigra five subjects. Viral RNA was also real-time RT-PCR. Quantification reactive microglia revealed an anatomically segregated pattern inflammation within affected brainstem regions, higher when compared controls. While results this study support neuroinvasive potential characterize role its implications for neurodegeneration, especially Parkinson's disease, require further investigations.

Language: Английский

Citations

47
Short- and long-term neuropsychiatric outcomes in long COVID in South Korea and Japan DOI
Sun Young Kim, Hayeon Lee, Jinseok Lee

et al.

Nature Human Behaviour, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8(8), P. 1530 - 1544

Published: June 25, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

34
Parkinson’s Disease and the COVID-19 Pandemic DOI Creative Commons
Conor Fearon, Alfonso Fasano

Journal of Parkinson s Disease, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(2), P. 431 - 444

Published: Jan. 19, 2021

Studies focusing on the relationship between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), disease 2019 (COVID-19), and Parkinson’s (PD) have provided conflicting results. We review literature to investigate: 1) Are PD patients at higher risk for contracting COVID-19 are there specific contributing factors that risk? 2) How does affect symptoms? 3) present in patients? 4) What outcomes who contract COVID-19? 5) is impact of care? 6) Does increase developing PD? A search was performed from 1979 2020 using terms: ‘Parkinson’s disease’ ‘parkinsonism’ combined with: ‘COVID-19’; ‘SARS-CoV-2’ ‘coronavirus’. It not appear a factor COVID-19. There evidence direct/indirect effects SARS-CoV-2 motor/non-motor symptoms PD. Although many with typical symptoms, some atypically isolated worsening parkinsonian requiring increased anti-PD therapy having worse outcomes. Mortality data inconclusive (ranging 5.2%to 100%). Patients advanced be particularly vulnerable. Single cases hypokinetic-rigid been described but no other convincing has reported. The rapidity which swept across globe favored proliferation studies lack scientific rigor immune. coordinated effort required assimilate answer these questions larger cohorts.

Language: Английский

Citations

84
Neurological Complications of COVID-19: Underlying Mechanisms and Management DOI Open Access
Ghaydaa A. Shehata, Kevin Lord,

Michaela C. Grudzinski

et al.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(8), P. 4081 - 4081

Published: April 15, 2021

COVID-19 is a severe respiratory disease caused by the newly identified human coronavirus (HCoV) Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus was discovered in December 2019, and March 2020, declared global pandemic World Health Organization (WHO) due to high number of cases. Although SARS-CoV-2 primarily affects system, several studies have reported neurological complications patients. Headache, dizziness, loss taste smell, encephalitis, encephalopathy, cerebrovascular diseases are most common that associated with COVID-19. In addition, seizures, neuromuscular junctions’ disorders, Guillain–Barré syndrome were as COVID-19, well neurodegenerative demyelinating disorders. However, management these conditions remains challenge. this review, we discuss prevalence, pathogenesis, mechanisms sequelae secondary infection. We aim update neurologists healthcare workers on possible conditions.

Language: Английский

Citations

73
Olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19: pathology and long-term implications for brain health DOI Open Access
Richard L. Doty

Trends in Molecular Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 28(9), P. 781 - 794

Published: June 20, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

68
How COVID-19 will boost remote exercise-based treatment in Parkinson’s disease: a narrative review DOI Creative Commons
A. Langer, Lucia Gassner,

Anna Flotz

et al.

npj Parkinson s Disease, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: March 8, 2021

Abstract The lack of physical exercise during the COVID-19 pandemic-related quarantine measures is challenging, especially for patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Without regular not only patients, but also nursing staff and physicians soon noticed a deterioration motor non-motor symptoms. Reduced functional mobility, increased falls, frailty, decreased quality life were identified as consequences sedentary behavior. This work overviews current literature on problems supplying conventional physiotherapy potential telerehabilitation, allied health services, patient-initiated PD period. We discuss recent studies approaches that can improve remote provision to including motivational tools, apps, exergaming, virtual reality (VR) exercise. Additionally, we provide case report about 69-year-old patient who took part in 12-week guided climbing course prior pandemic found solution continue her training independently an outdoor rope ladder. serve best practice example non-instructed, creative, domestic environment difficult times, are current. Overall, many telemedicine, exercises have been published, giving rise optimism facilitating help maintain mobility emotional well-being, even phases such pandemic. itself may boost need establish comprehensive easy-to-do telerehabilitation programs.

Language: Английский

Citations

67