Microbiota–gut–brain axis and its therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Feb. 16, 2024

Abstract The human gastrointestinal tract is populated with a diverse microbial community. vast genetic and metabolic potential of the gut microbiome underpins its ubiquity in nearly every aspect biology, including health maintenance, development, aging, disease. advent new sequencing technologies culture-independent methods has allowed researchers to move beyond correlative studies toward mechanistic explorations shed light on microbiome–host interactions. Evidence unveiled bidirectional communication between central nervous system, referred as “microbiota–gut–brain axis”. microbiota–gut–brain axis represents an important regulator glial functions, making it actionable target ameliorate development progression neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss mechanisms As provides essential cues microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, examine communications microbiota these cells during healthy states Subsequently, diseases using metabolite-centric approach, while also examining role microbiota-related neurotransmitters hormones. Next, targeting intestinal barrier, blood–brain meninges, peripheral immune system counteract dysfunction neurodegeneration. Finally, conclude by assessing pre-clinical clinical evidence probiotics, prebiotics, fecal transplantation A thorough comprehension will foster effective therapeutic interventions for management

Language: Английский

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Targeting gut microbiota and metabolism as the major probiotic mechanism - An evidence-based review

Trends in Food Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 138, P. 178 - 198

Published: June 11, 2023

The human gut hosts complex microbial communities, which are linked to health and disease. microbiota is continuously reshaped by multiple environmental factors, especially diet. Gut dysbiosis may promote various metabolic, neurological, intestinal, cardiovascular diseases, even tumor development. Probiotics have shown promising prophylactic, mitigating, or curative effects when use as nutrient supplements adjunctive therapy. These beneficial and/or symptom alleviation often accompanied microbiome metabolome changes. Differing from other published review articles, here we summarized the latest knowledge of evidence-based health-promoting probiotics scouring literature recent animal probiotic intervention studies. To elucidate mechanisms in enhancing intestinal homeostasis, barrier function, host immunity, through modulating its metabolites. Meanwhile, also discussed challenges data analysis clinical research comparison between laboratories, provides an outlook for future perspectives applications probiotics. achieved modulation. Current discussed. Finally, provided.

Language: Английский

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Probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics in health and disease

MedComm, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(6)

Published: Nov. 4, 2023

The gut microbiota and its homeostasis play a crucial role in human health. However, for some diseases related to the microbiota, current traditional medicines can only relieve symptoms, it is difficult solve root causes or even cause side effects like disturbances microbiota. Increasing clinical studies evidences have demonstrated that probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics prevent treat various diseases, but currently they be used as dietary supplements rather than medicines, which restricts application of probiotics field medicine. Here, this review analyzes importance health problems systematically summarizes effectiveness mechanisms maintaining treating based on animal models trials. And research outcomes development trends field, challenges prospects their health, alleviating are analyzed. It hoped promote disease treatment open up new frontiers probiotic research.

Language: Английский

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Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Human Health: From Metabolic Pathways to Current Therapeutic Implications

Life, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(5), P. 559 - 559

Published: April 26, 2024

The gastrointestinal tract is home to trillions of diverse microorganisms collectively known as the gut microbiota, which play a pivotal role in breaking down undigested foods, such dietary fibers. Through fermentation these food components, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate, propionate, and butyrate are produced, offering numerous health benefits host. production absorption SCFAs occur through various mechanisms within human intestine, contingent upon types fibers reaching specific engaged fermentation. Medical literature extensively documents supplementation SCFAs, particularly butyrate, treatment gastrointestinal, metabolic, cardiovascular, gut-brain-related disorders. This review seeks provide an overview dynamics involved gut. Additionally, it will focus on roles promoting metabolic health, well their current therapeutic implications.

Language: Английский

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Achieving healthy aging through gut microbiota-directed dietary intervention: Focusing on microbial biomarkers and host mechanisms

Journal of Advanced Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 1, 2024

Population aging has become a primary global public health issue, and the prevention of age-associated diseases prolonging healthy life expectancies are particular importance. Gut microbiota emerged as novel target in various host physiological disorders including aging. Comprehensive understanding on changes gut during aging, characteristics centenarians, can provide us possibility to achieving or intervene pathological through microbiota-directed strategies. This review aims summarize associated with explore potential biomarkers address microbiota-associated mechanisms focusing intestinal barrier immune status. By summarizing existing effective dietary strategies interventions, probability developing diet targeting future is provided. focused three key notions: Firstly, new for regulating status lifespan, its closely related age. Thus, we summarized aging-associated features at levels genus/species important metabolites comparing differences among elderly people younger people. Secondly, exploring discussing using regime/components targeted aging-related promote human lifespan. Thirdly, intervention effectively improve imbalance such probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics, but their effects vary among.

Language: Английский

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Stronger gut microbiome modulatory effects by postbiotics than probiotics in a mouse colitis model

npj Science of Food, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: Nov. 15, 2022

Abstract Probiotics are increasingly used as adjunctive therapy to manage gastrointestinal diseases, such ulcerative colitis. However, probiotic use has posed some safety concerns. Thus, postbiotics proposed alternatives probiotics in clinical applications. no study directly compared the benefits of and postbiotics. This beneficial effect derived from strain, Bifidobacterium adolescentis B8589, a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced experimental colitis mouse model. Four groups mice ( n = 7 per group) were included this work: Control (received water plus saline), DSS without postbiotic/probiotic), Postbiotic postbiotic), Probiotic probiotic). Our results showed that intragastric administration both postbiotic ameliorated colitis, reflected by decreased histology scores with group P < 0.05). The fecal microbiota alpha diversity was not significantly affected DSS-, postbiotic, or treatment. treatment stronger effects on modulating beta diversity, composition, metagenomic potential than Overall, our findings suggested had similar ability improve disease phenotype but distinct regulate gut metabolic pathways context In view smaller concern its modulatory host microbiota, we propose be considered for next-generation biotherapeutics managing even other diseases.

Language: Английский

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The Interplay between Gut Microbiota and Parkinson’s Disease: Implications on Diagnosis and Treatment

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(20), P. 12289 - 12289

Published: Oct. 14, 2022

The bidirectional interaction between the gut microbiota (GM) and Central Nervous System, so-called brain axis (GMBA), deeply affects function has an important impact on development of neurodegenerative diseases. In Parkinson’s disease (PD), gastrointestinal symptoms often precede onset motor non-motor manifestations, alterations in GM composition accompany pathogenesis. Several studies have been conducted to unravel role dysbiosis intestinal permeability PD progression, but therapeutic diagnostic applications modifying approaches remain be fully elucidated. After a brief introduction involvement GMBA disease, we present evidence for leaky patients. According these data, then review potential GM-based signatures serve as biomarkers highlight emerging probiotics, prebiotics, antibiotics, dietary interventions, fecal transplantation supportive PD. Finally, analyze mutual influence commonly prescribed medications gut-microbiota, offer insights also nasal oral pathology, thus providing comprehensive up-to-date overview microbial features diagnosis treatment.

Language: Английский

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Neuroprotective Effects of Bifidobacterium breve CCFM1067 in MPTP-Induced Mouse Models of Parkinson’s Disease

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(21), P. 4678 - 4678

Published: Nov. 4, 2022

There is mounting evidence that the microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) critical in pathogenesis and progression of Parkinson's disease (PD), suggesting probiotic therapy restoring gut microecology may slow down progression. In this study, we examined disease-alleviating effects Bifidobacterium breve CCFM1067, orally administered for 5 weeks a PD mouse model. Our study shows supplementation with B. CCFM1067 protected dopaminergic neurons suppressed glial cell hyperactivation neuroinflammation mice. addition, antioxidant capacity central nervous system was enhanced oxidative stress alleviated. Moreover, blood-brain intestinal barriers from damage MPTP-induced The results fecal microbiota analysis showed intervention could act on microecological imbalance microbiota, suppressing number pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia-Shigella) while increasing beneficial (Bifidobacterium Akkermansia) increase short chain fatty acids (acetic butyric acids) explain anti-inflammatory action or brain conclusion, demonstrated which can prevent treat by modulating gut-brain axis, be utilized as possible new oral supplement therapy.

Language: Английский

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Probiotic Bifidobacterium longum BB68S Improves Cognitive Functions in Healthy Older Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 51 - 51

Published: Dec. 22, 2022

Probiotics could improve cognitive functions in patients with neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, but the effects on function healthy older adults without impairment need further study. The purpose of this study was to investigate effect Bifidobacterium longum BB68S (BB68S) among impairment. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted 60 who were divided into probiotic or placebo groups and required consume either a sachet (BB68S, 5 × 1010 CFU/sachet) once daily for 8 weeks. Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) used an inclusion screening tool screen elderly participants our study, Repeatable Battery Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) assess subjects before after intervention assessment tool. significantly improved subjects’ (total RBANS score increased by 18.89 points intervention, p < 0.0001), especially immediate memory, visuospatial/constructional, attention, delayed memory domains. relative abundances beneficial bacteria Lachnospira, Bifidobacterium, Dorea, Cellulosilyticum, while decreasing those related cognition impairment, Collinsella, Parabacteroides, Tyzzerella, Bilophila, unclassified_c_Negativicutes, Epulopiscium, Porphyromonas, Granulicatella. In conclusion, along having regulatory their gut microbiota. This supports probiotics strategy promote aging advances research.

Language: Английский

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Bifidobacterium lactis Probio-M8 improves bone metabolism in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis, possibly by modulating the gut microbiota

European Journal of Nutrition, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 5, 2022

Language: Английский

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