Role of Hydroxytyrosol and Oleuropein in the Prevention of Aging and Related Disorders: Focus on Neurodegeneration, Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction and Gut Microbiota

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(7), P. 1767 - 1767

Published: April 4, 2023

Aging is a multi-faceted process caused by the accumulation of cellular damage over time, associated with gradual reduction physiological activities in cells and organs. This degeneration results reduced ability to adapt homeostasis perturbations an increased incidence illnesses such as cognitive decline, neurodegenerative cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, skeletal muscle pathologies. Key features aging include chronic low-grade inflammation state decrease autophagic process. The Mediterranean diet has been longevity counteract onset age-related disorders. Extra virgin olive oil, fundamental component this diet, contains bioactive polyphenolic compounds hydroxytyrosol (HTyr) oleuropein (OLE), known for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective properties. review focused on brain, muscle, gut microbiota, these systems are interact at several levels. After description chemistry pharmacokinetics HTyr OLE, we summarize studies reporting effects vivo vitro models diseases central/peripheral nervous system, adult neurogenesis depression, senescence lifespan, disorders, well impact composition microbiota.

Language: Английский

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Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and its effect on α-synuclein and prion protein misfolding: consequences for neurodegeneration

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Feb. 16, 2024

Abnormal behavior of α-synuclein and prion proteins is the hallmark Parkinson’s disease (PD) illnesses, respectively, being complex neurological disorders. A primary cause protein aggregation, brain injury, cognitive loss in illnesses misfolding normal cellular (PrP C ) into an infectious form Sc ). Aggregation causes disruptions processes (PD), leading to dopamine-producing neurons motor symptoms. Alteration composition or activity gut microbes may weaken intestinal barrier make it possible for prions go from brain. The gut-brain axis linked neuroinflammation; metabolites produced by microbiota affect aggregation α-synuclein, regulate inflammation immunological responses, influence course neurotoxicity proteins, even if their targets are distinct proteins. This thorough analysis explores interactions that exist between neurodegenerative particularly involvement microbiota, a collection bacteria, archaea, fungi, viruses etc., various becoming increasingly recognized. microbiome influences neuroinflammation, neurotransmitter synthesis, mitochondrial function, integrity through axis, which contributes development progression disease. review delves molecular mechanisms underlie these relationships, emphasizing effects microbial such as bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) regulating functioning. Additionally, looks at how environmental dietary decisions whether they could be risk factors illnesses. study concludes highlighting critical role plays It also provides promising direction future research treatment approaches. People afflicted difficult ailments find hope new preventive therapeutic approaches diseases better understood.

Language: Английский

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Protection of Alzheimer’s disease progression by a human-origin probiotics cocktail

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Jan. 10, 2025

Microbiome abnormalities (dysbiosis) significantly contribute to the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, therapeutic efficacy microbiome modulators in protecting against these ailments remains poorly studied. Herein, we tested a cocktail unique probiotics, including 5 Lactobacillus and Enterococcus strains isolated from infant gut with proven modulating capabilities. We aimed determine probiotics cocktail's ameliorating AD pathology humanized mouse model APP/PS1 strains. Remarkably, feeding mice 1 × 1011 CFU per day drinking water for 16 weeks reduced cognitive decline (measured by Morris Water Maze test) markers, such as Aβ aggregation, microglia activation, neuroinflammation, preserved blood-brain barrier (BBB) tight junctions. The beneficial effects were linked inflammatory microbiome, leading decreased permeability inflammation both systemic circulation brain. Although male female showed overall improvements cognition biological females did not exhibit specific markers related permeability, suggesting that underlying mechanisms may differ depending on sex. In conclusion, our results suggest this could serve prophylactic agent reduce pathology. This is achieved beneficially improving intestinal junction proteins, reducing BBB, decreasing gut, blood circulation, brain, ultimately mitigating decline.

Language: Английский

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Sleep deprivation accelerates Parkinson's disease via modulating gut microbiota associated microglial activation and oxidative stress

Microbiological Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 293, P. 128077 - 128077

Published: Jan. 25, 2025

Language: Английский

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Neuroprotective Effects of Sodium Butyrate by Restoring Gut Microbiota and Inhibiting TLR4 Signaling in Mice with MPTP-Induced Parkinson’s Disease

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(4), P. 930 - 930

Published: Feb. 13, 2023

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent type of neurodegenerative disease. There mounting evidence that the gut microbiota involved in pathogenesis PD. Sodium butyrate (NaB) can regulate and improve brain functioning neurological disorders. Hence, we examined whether neuroprotective function NaB on PD was mediated by modulation microbial dysbiosis revealed its possible mechanisms. Mice were administered 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) for 7 consecutive days to construct model. gavage given 2 h after daily MPTP injections 21 days. improved motor mice, increased striatal neurotransmitter levels, reduced death dopaminergic neurons. The 16S rRNA sequencing analysis restored dysbiosis. also attenuated intestinal barrier's disruption serum, colon, pro-inflammatory cytokines, along with inhibiting overactivation glial cells, suggesting an inhibitory effect inflammation from throughout gut-brain axis mice. Mechanistic studies treatment suppressed TLR4/MyD88/NF-kB pathway colon striatum. In summary, had impact likely linked regulation inhibit inflammation.

Language: Английский

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Probiotics for Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Systemic Review

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(4), P. 1083 - 1083

Published: April 20, 2023

Neurodegenerative disorders (ND) are a group of conditions that affect the neurons in brain and spinal cord, leading to their degeneration eventually causing loss function affected areas. These can be caused by range factors, including genetics, environmental lifestyle choices. Major pathological signs these diseases protein misfolding, proteosomal dysfunction, aggregation, inadequate degradation, oxidative stress, free radical formation, mitochondrial dysfunctions, impaired bioenergetics, DNA damage, fragmentation Golgi apparatus neurons, disruption axonal transport, dysfunction neurotrophins (NTFs), neuroinflammatory or neuroimmune processes, neurohumoral symptoms. According recent studies, defects imbalances gut microbiota directly lead neurological through gut-brain axis. Probiotics ND recommended prevent cognitive which is major symptom diseases. Many vivo clinical trials have revealed probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Lactobacillus casei, etc.) effective candidates against progression ND. It has been proven inflammatory process stress modulated modifying with help probiotics. As result, this study provides an overview available data, bacterial variety, axis defects, probiotics’ mode action averting A literature search on particular sites, PubMed, Nature, Springer Link, identified articles might pertinent subject. The contains following few groups terms: (1) OR (2) disorders. outcomes aid elucidating relationship between effects different neurodegenerative This systematic review will assist discovering new treatments future, as generally safe cause mild side some cases human body.

Language: Английский

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The brain-gut-microbiota interplay in depression: A key to design innovative therapeutic approaches

Pharmacological Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 192, P. 106799 - 106799

Published: May 19, 2023

Depression is the most prevalent mental disorder in world associated with huge socio-economic consequences. While depressive-related symptoms are well known, molecular mechanisms underlying disease pathophysiology and progression remain largely unknown. The gut microbiota (GM) emerging as a key regulator of central nervous system homeostasis by exerting fundamental immune metabolic functions. In turn, brain influences intestinal microbial composition through neuroendocrine signals, within so-called microbiota-brain axis. balance this bidirectional crosstalk important to ensure neurogenesis, preserve integrity blood-brain barrier avoid neuroinflammation. Conversely, dysbiosis permeability negatively affect development, behavior, cognition. Furthermore, although not fully defined yet, changes GM depressed patients reported influence pharmacokinetics common antidepressants affecting their absorption, metabolism, activity. Similarly, neuropsychiatric drugs may shape turn an impact on efficacy toxicity pharmacological intervention itself. Consequently, strategies aimed at re-establishing correct homeostatic (i.e., prebiotics, probiotics, fecal transplantation, dietary interventions) represent innovative approach improve pharmacotherapy depression. Among these, probiotics Mediterranean diet, alone or combination standard care, hold promise for clinical application. Therefore, disclosure intricate network between depression will give precious insights diagnostic therapeutic approaches towards depression, profound implications drug development practice.

Language: Английский

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A Critical Perspective on the Supplementation of Akkermansia muciniphila: Benefits and Harms

Life, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(6), P. 1247 - 1247

Published: May 24, 2023

Akkermansia muciniphila is a mucin-degrading bacterium of the intestinal niche, exerting beneficial effects on host metabolic profile. Accumulating evidence indicated as promising therapeutic probiotic against disorders such obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. However, in specific microenvironments, its excessive enrichment may be not beneficial. Conditions like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Salmonella typhimurium infection or post-antibiotic reconstitution benefit from supplementation. Furthermore, using patients with endocrine gynecological disorders-such polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) endometriosis-that have higher risk developing IBD, should critically evaluated. In addition, cautionary note comes neurological field, gut microbiota suffering Parkinson's multiple sclerosis exhibits characteristic signature municiphila abundance. Overall, considering these controversial points, use evaluated an individual basis, avoiding risking unexpected effects.

Language: Английский

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The Lung Microbiome: A New Frontier for Lung and Brain Disease

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(3), P. 2170 - 2170

Published: Jan. 21, 2023

Due to the limitations of culture techniques, lung in a healthy state is traditionally considered be sterile organ. With development non-culture-dependent presence low-biomass microbiomes lungs has been identified. The species microbiome are similar those oral microbiome, suggesting that derived passively within from cavity via micro-aspiration. Elimination, immigration, and relative growth its communities all contribute composition microbiome. reportedly altered many diseases have not infectious or microbial, potential pathways microbe–host crosstalk emerging. Recent studies shown also plays an important role brain autoimmunity. There close relationship between brain, which can called lung–brain axis. However, problem now it well understood how microbiota disease—specifically, whether there causal connection disease includes bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, viruses. fungi viruses fully studied compared bacteria lungs. In this review, we mainly discuss chronic and, particular, summarize recent progress multiple sclerosis, as

Language: Английский

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Targeting the Gut–Eye Axis: An Emerging Strategy to Face Ocular Diseases

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(17), P. 13338 - 13338

Published: Aug. 28, 2023

The human microbiota refers to a large variety of microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, and fungi) that live in different body sites, including the gut, oral cavity, skin, eyes. In particular, presence an ocular surface with crucial role maintaining homeostasis by preventing colonization from pathogen species has been recently demonstrated. Moreover, recent studies underline potential association between gut (GM) health. this respect, some evidence supports existence gut-eye axis involved pathogenesis several diseases, age-related macular degeneration, uveitis, diabetic retinopathy, dry eye, glaucoma. Therefore, understanding link GM these disorders might be useful for development new therapeutic approaches, such as probiotics, prebiotics, symbiotics, or faecal transplantation through which could modulated, thus allowing better management diseases.

Language: Английский

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