Endemism increases species' climate change risk in areas of global biodiversity importance

Biological Conservation, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 257, P. 109070 - 109070

Published: April 9, 2021

Language: Английский

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Estimating the global risk of anthropogenic climate change

Nature Climate Change, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(10), P. 879 - 885

Published: Sept. 30, 2021

Language: Английский

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Assessment of scientific gaps related to the effective environmental management of deep-seabed mining

Marine Policy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 138, P. 105006 - 105006

Published: March 2, 2022

A comprehensive understanding of the deep-sea environment and mining’s likely impacts is necessary to assess whether under what conditions deep-seabed mining operations comply with International Seabed Authority’s obligations prevent ‘serious harm’ ensure ‘effective protection marine from harmful effects’ in accordance United Nations Convention on Law Sea. synthesis peer-reviewed literature consultations stakeholders revealed that, despite an increase research, there are few categories publicly available scientific knowledge enough enable evidence-based decision-making regarding environmental management, including proceed regions where exploration contracts have been granted by Authority. Further information baselines critical for this emerging industry. Closing gaps related a monumental task that essential fulfilling overarching obligation serious harm effective protection, will require clear direction, substantial resources, robust coordination collaboration. Based gathered, we propose potential high-level road map activities could stimulate much-needed discussion steps should be taken close key before any exploitation considered. These include definition goals objectives, establishment international research agenda generate new environmental, biological, ecological information, data already exist.

Language: Английский

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Three decades of ocean warming impacts on marine ecosystems: A review and perspective

Deep Sea Research Part II Topical Studies in Oceanography, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 212, P. 105318 - 105318

Published: Aug. 11, 2023

Ocean warming, primarily resulting from the escalating levels of greenhouse gases in atmosphere, leads to a rise temperature Earth's oceans. These act as heat-trapping agents, contributing overall phenomenon global warming. In order gain comprehensive understanding how ocean warming impacts marine ecosystems, thorough literature review was conducted over span three decades, involving 2484 initial publications. The systematic screening facilitated by utilizing Abstrackr's web-based application efficiently select relevant abstracts, final list 797 publications aligned with study's objectives. Since advent industrial revolution, gas emissions have witnessed an exponential surge, leading cumulative increase atmospheric temperatures at average rate 0.08 °C (0.14 °F) per decade since 1880. Over past 50 years, has emerged primary heat reservoir, absorbing and distributing majority more than 90% occurring within its waters. Between 1950 2020, sea surface (SST) increased 0.11 (0.19 °F). consequences extend significantly environment climate. It induces expansion ocean, alters stratification currents, diminishes oxygen availability, elevates levels, intensifies hurricanes storms. also affects species' physiology, abundance, distribution, trophic interactions, survival, mortality can cause stress for human societies that depend on impacted resources. is projected 2 4 4–8 times under climate scenarios Shared Socioeconomic Pathways 1–2.6 5–8.5, respectively, additional 0.6–2.0 added end century. We summarize detailed negative or positive responses taxonomic groups. provide critical information help stakeholders, scientists, managers, decision-makers mitigate adapt while improving biodiversity conservation sustainability ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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Hidden heatwaves and severe coral bleaching linked to mesoscale eddies and thermocline dynamics

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Jan. 6, 2023

Abstract The severity of marine heatwaves (MHWs) that are increasingly impacting ocean ecosystems, including vulnerable coral reefs, has primarily been assessed using remotely sensed sea-surface temperatures (SSTs), without information relevant to heating across ecosystem depths. Here, a rare combination SST, high-resolution in-situ temperatures, and sea level anomalies observed over 15 years near Moorea, French Polynesia, we document subsurface MHWs have paradoxical in comparison SST metrics associated with unexpected bleaching Variations the depth range was driven by mesoscale (10s 100s km) eddies altered levels thermocline depths decreased (2007, 2017 2019) or increased (2012, 2015, 2016) internal-wave cooling. Pronounced eddy-induced reductions internal waves during early 2019 contributed prolonged MHW unexpectedly severe bleaching, subsequent mortality offsetting almost decade recovery. Variability eddy fields, thus depths, is expected increase climate change, which, along strengthening deepening stratification, could occurrence ecosystems historically insulated from surface cooling effects waves.

Language: Английский

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Cross-basin and cross-taxa patterns of marine community tropicalization and deborealization in warming European seas

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: March 8, 2024

Abstract Ocean warming and acidification, decreases in dissolved oxygen concentrations, changes primary production are causing an unprecedented global redistribution of marine life. The identification underlying ecological processes underpinning species turnover, particularly the prevalence increases warm-water or declines cold-water species, has been recently debated context ocean warming. Here, we track mean thermal affinity communities across European seas by calculating Community Temperature Index for 65 biodiversity time series collected over four decades containing 1,817 from different (zooplankton, coastal benthos, pelagic demersal invertebrates fish). We show that most sites have clearly responded to ongoing via abundance (tropicalization, 54%) (deborealization, 18%). Tropicalization dominated Atlantic compared semi-enclosed basins such as Mediterranean Baltic Seas, probably due physical barrier constraints connectivity colonization. Semi-enclosed appeared be vulnerable warming, experiencing fastest rates loss through deborealization.

Language: Английский

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Climate-driven connectivity loss impedes species adaptation to warming in the deep ocean

Nature Climate Change, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 4, 2025

Language: Английский

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A committed fourfold increase in ocean oxygen loss

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: April 16, 2021

Abstract Less than a quarter of ocean deoxygenation that will ultimately be caused by historical CO 2 emissions is already realized, according to millennial-scale model simulations assume zero from year 2021 onwards. About 80% the committed oxygen loss occurs below 2000 m depth, where more sluggish overturning circulation increase water residence times and accumulation respiratory demand. According results, deep thereby lose 10% its pre-industrial content even if thus global warming were stopped today. In surface layer, however, ongoing largely stop once are stopped. Accounting for joint effects warming, metabolic viability representative marine animals declines up 25% over large regions ocean, posing an unavoidable escalation anthropogenic pressure on deep-ocean ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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Disentangling diverse responses to climate change among global marine ecosystem models

Progress In Oceanography, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 198, P. 102659 - 102659

Published: Aug. 9, 2021

Climate change is warming the ocean and impacting lower trophic level (LTL) organisms. Marine ecosystem models can provide estimates of how these changes will propagate to larger animals impact societal services such as fisheries, but at present vary widely. A better understanding what drives this inter-model variation improve our ability project fisheries other into future, while also helping identify uncertainties in process understanding. Here, we explore mechanisms that underlie diversity responses temperature LTLs eight global marine from Fisheries Ecosystem Model Intercomparison Project (FishMIP). Temperature LTL impacts on total consumer biomass structure (defined relative small large organism biomass) were isolated using a comparative experimental protocol. Total model varied between −35% +3% response warming, -17% +15% changes. There was little consensus about spatial redistribution or balance organisms (ecosystem structure) an depending choice forcing terms. Overall, climate are well approximated by sum impacts, indicating absence nonlinear interaction models' drivers. Our results highlight lack theoretical clarity represent fundamental ecological mechanisms, most importantly scale individual level, need understand two-way coupling consumers. We finish identifying future research needs strengthen modelling projections impacts.

Language: Английский

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Climate change considerations are fundamental to management of deep‐sea resource extraction

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 26(9), P. 4664 - 4678

Published: June 12, 2020

Abstract Climate change manifestation in the ocean, through warming, oxygen loss, increasing acidification, and changing particulate organic carbon flux (one metric of altered food supply), is projected to affect most deep‐ocean ecosystems concomitantly with direct human disturbance. drivers will alter deep‐sea biodiversity associated ecosystem services, may interact disturbance from resource extraction activities or even climate geoengineering. We suggest that ensure effective management use deep ocean (e.g., for bottom fishing, oil gas extraction, deep‐seabed mining), environmental developing regulations must consider change. Strategic planning, impact assessment monitoring, spatial management, application precautionary approach, full‐cost accounting should embrace consciousness. Coupled biological modeling approaches applied water on seafloor can help accomplish this goal. For example, Earth‐System Model projections climate‐change parameters at reveal heterogeneity hazard time emergence (beyond natural variability) regions targeted mining. Models combine climate‐induced changes circulation particle tracking predict transport early life stages (larvae) under Habitat suitability models assess consequences larval dispersal, refugia, identify vulnerable multiple species Engaging observing community support necessary data provisioning mainstream into development plans. To illustrate we focus mining International Seabed Authority, whose mandates include regulation all mineral‐related international waters protecting marine environment harmful effects However, achieving sustainability UN Sustainable Development Goals require integration consideration across policy sectors.

Language: Английский

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