Heat stress, labour productivity and adaptation in Europe—a regional and occupational analysis

Environmental Research Letters, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 16(10), P. 105002 - 105002

Published: Sept. 17, 2021

Abstract Labour exposure to heat stress driven by climate change will increase significantly with the rising global temperatures. Under stress, workers have reduce work intensity and take longer breaks from prevent occupational illness injuries. This study explores how warming resulting in can directly affect productivity of indirectly impact upon broader economy. Occupational statistics for 269 European regions are combined daily indicator derived a set high-resolution scenarios. The novel approach, enabled using published exposure-response functions, assesses losses differentiated occupations. A macro econometric model economy is then used asses implications monetary terms. finds that, compared nowadays, labour be 1.6% lower Europe 2080s, clear geographical gradient showing that southern eastern much more affected (e.g. up 5.4% loss Greece). Furthermore, where dominant occupations relative earnings would also experience higher loses. analysis focuses on potential role adaptation economic losses, via air conditioning preliminary assessment wearable robotics, which damages 30%–40%.

Language: Английский

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Hot Spots and Climate Trends of Meteorological Droughts in Europe–Assessing the Percent of Normal Index in a Single-Model Initial-Condition Large Ensemble

Frontiers in Water, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 3

Published: Sept. 7, 2021

Drought, caused by a prolonged deficit of precipitation, bears the risk severe economic and ecological consequences for affected societies. The occurrence this significant hydro-meteorological hazard is expected to strongly increase in many regions due climate change, however, it also subject high internal variability. This calls an assessment trends hot spots that considers variations In study, percent normal index (PNI), describes meteorological droughts deviation long-term reference mean, analyzed single-model initial-condition large ensemble (SMILE) Canadian regional model version 5 (CRCM5) over Europe. A far future horizon under Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 compared present-day pre-industrial reference, which derived from pi-control runs CRCM5 representing counterfactual world without anthropogenic change. Our analysis SMILE reveals variability drought Considering variability, our results show clear overall duration, number intensity toward horizon. We furthermore find strong seasonal divergence with distinct summer decrease winter most regions. Additionally, percentage followed wet winters increasing all except Iberian Peninsula. Because particularly drying trends, Alps, Mediterranean, France Peninsula are suggested be considered as spots. Due simplicity intuitivity PNI, appropriate region-specific communication purposes outreach.

Language: Английский

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Long-term drought intensification over Europe driven by the weakening trend of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation

Journal of Hydrology Regional Studies, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 42, P. 101176 - 101176

Published: July 16, 2022

Europe, with a particular focus on the Czech Republic, Poland, Spain, and Norway. Long-lasting droughts have become semi-permanent feature of European climate, especially over last two decades. These prolonged are usually driven by persistent sea surface temperature anomalies Pacific Atlantic basins. By employing complex statistical methods (i.e., Canonical Correlation Analysis Convergent Cross-Mapping) in this study we make comprehensive assessment observed drying trend central southern parts Europe its underlying drivers. Building upon potential relationship between drought variability large-scale oceanic atmospheric circulation, show that has been long-term slowdown Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), via changes circulation. A weakening AMOC leads to an increase frequency atmospheric-blocking like circulation part which turn inhibits precipitation favors drying. Since climate projections indicate future, suggest will potentially lead dry years, (e.g., eastern Germany, Spain Portugal).

Language: Английский

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Policy integration and climate change adaptation

Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 52, P. 75 - 81

Published: Aug. 13, 2021

Policy integration is considered an important mode to govern cross-cutting policy problems effectively. In the context of climate change adaptation, calls for strengthened have recently emerged ensure timely, adequate and effective actions. Though research on adaptation still in its infancy, current knowledge from studies offers a solid basis informing future work integration. This paper reviews main reasons why governments pursue integration, identifies key enabling constraining conditions, discusses evaluation adaptation.

Language: Английский

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Uncovering the critical soil moisture thresholds of plant water stress for European ecosystems

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 28(6), P. 2111 - 2123

Published: Dec. 20, 2021

Understanding the critical soil moisture (SM) threshold (θcrit ) of plant water stress and land surface energy partitioning is a basis to evaluate drought impacts improve models for predicting future ecosystem condition climate. Quantifying θcrit across biomes climates challenging because observations fluxes SM remain sparse. Here, we used latest database eddy covariance measurements estimate Europe by evaluating evaporative fraction (EF)-SM relationships investigating between vapor pressure deficit (VPD) gross primary production (GPP) during dry-down periods. We found that matric potential in are 16.5% -0.7 MPa, respectively. Surface characteristics varied among different vegetation types; EF savannas had highest sensitivities water-limited stage, lowest forests. The sign daily VPD GPP consistently changed from positive negative all sites when shifted relatively high low values. This after longer period decline forests than grasslands savannas. Estimated VPD-GPP method match well with EF-SM method, showing this can be detect . further texture dominates spatial variability while shortwave radiation major drivers determining pattern sensitivities. Our results highlight first time change as an indicator how ecosystems transition limitation. also characterized corresponding its diverse Europe, essential variable representation models.

Language: Английский

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Research Progress and Conceptual Insights on Drought Impacts and Responses among Smallholder Farmers in South Africa: A Review

Land, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(2), P. 159 - 159

Published: Jan. 20, 2022

Drought is a natural phenomenon which can cause widespread socio-economic and environmental impacts. Recent predictions suggest that drought frequency intensity will increase in Southern Africa; therefore, there need for more scientific information on impacts responses by vulnerable groups such as smallholder farmers. This scoping review examines the current state of research conceptual insights farmers rural urban settings South Africa. We used three bibliographic databases (Scopus, Web Science, EBSCOHost) to search peer-reviewed literature published In total, 18 articles were reviewed, among was analysed synthesised. Although most reviewed papers identified several (e.g., loss livestock, income, employment) grazing land vegetation) drought, rarely quantified, lack analytical depth these Smallholder Africa implement responses, categorised based (i) changes local practices lifestyles e.g., practising conservation agriculture, (ii) structural measures government relief programmes, (iii) technical interventions rain harvesting. None reported settings. Overall, noted lacks detailed quantification analysis context poorly understood, clarity distinction between adaptation mitigation strategies. Improving our understanding across rural-urban gradient important if are effectively reduce farmer vulnerability.

Language: Английский

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Increasing footprint of climate warming on flash droughts occurrence in Europe

Environmental Research Letters, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 17(6), P. 064017 - 064017

Published: April 20, 2022

Abstract Flash droughts are caused by a rapid depletion of soil moisture, and they severely affect vegetation growth agricultural production. Notwithstanding the growing importance flash under warming climate, drivers across Europe not well understood. Here we estimate changes in characteristics using ERA5 reanalysis dataset for 1950–2019 period. We find substantial increase frequency spatial extent (with 79% total area) during season with at-least one fourth domain showing two-fold recent decades. Increased occurrence drought is largely attributed to frequent warmer drier compound extremes, sharp gradient being noticed Mediterranean Central European regions. Compound meteorological extremes causing events pre-dominantly driven climate warming. With unabated greenhouse gas emissions current pace warming, likely face an increased droughts, requiring prompt response effective adaptation management strategies.

Language: Английский

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Titanium and Zinc Based Nanomaterials in Agriculture: A Promising Approach to Deal with (A)biotic Stresses?

Toxics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(4), P. 172 - 172

Published: March 31, 2022

Abiotic stresses, such as those induced by climatic factors or contaminants, and biotic stresses prompted phytopathogens pests inflict tremendous losses in agriculture are major threats to worldwide food security. In addition, climate changes will exacerbate these well their negative impact on crops. Drought, salinity, heavy metals, pesticides, drugs environmental problems that need deep attention, effective sustainable strategies mitigate effects the environment be developed. Besides, solutions for agrocontrol must developed alternatives conventional agrochemicals. this sense, nanotechnology offers promising stress plants, increasing plant tolerance stressor, remediation of protect plants against pathogens. review, nano-sized TiO2 (nTiO2) ZnO (nZnO) scrutinized, potential ameliorate drought, xenobiotics emphasized, addition antimicrobial disease management. Understanding level alleviation nanomaterials (NM) relating them with application conditions/methods is imperative define most approaches adopted. Although broad-spectrum reviews exist, article provides focused information nTiO2 nZnO improving our understanding ameliorative NM show, addressing gaps literature.

Language: Английский

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Assessing the Potential of AI–ML in Urban Climate Change Adaptation and Sustainable Development

Sustainability, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(23), P. 16461 - 16461

Published: Nov. 30, 2023

This study addresses a notable gap in the climate change literature by examining potential of artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI–ML) urban adaptation sustainable development across major global continents. While much attention has been given to mitigation strategies, this uniquely delves into AI–ML’s underexplored role catalyzing contemporary future centers. The research thoroughly explores diverse case studies from Africa, Asia, Australasia, Europe, North America, South utilizing methodological framework involving six-step five-step models for systematic reviews. findings underscore AI–ML achievements, illuminate challenges, emphasize need context-specific collaborative approaches. imply that one-size-fits-all approach is insufficient. Instead, successful strategies must be intricately linked particular characteristics, vulnerabilities, intricacies each region. Furthermore, underscores importance international collaboration, knowledge sharing, technology transfer expedite integration globally. envisions promising trajectory domain, emphasizing necessity ongoing research, innovation, practical applications. As remains defining challenge, predicts an increasingly pivotal constructing climate-resilient centers promoting development. Continuous efforts advance technologies, establish robust policy frameworks, ensure universal access are crucial harnessing transformative capabilities combat consequences.

Language: Английский

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Cultured meat and the sustainable development goals

Trends in Food Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 124, P. 140 - 153

Published: April 13, 2022

Language: Английский

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