PeerJ,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
13, P. e18894 - e18894
Published: March 24, 2025
With
increased
globalization,
man-made
climate
change,
and
urbanization,
the
landscape–embedded
within
Anthropocene-becomes
increasingly
fragmented.
wilderness
habitats
transitioning
getting
lost,
globally
relevant
regions
considered
‘pristine’,
such
as
Alaska,
are
no
exception.
Alaska
holds
60%
of
U.S.
National
Park
system’s
area
is
national
international
importance,
considering
one
wealthiest
nations
on
earth.
These
characteristics
tie
into
densities
quantities
human
features,
e.g
.,
roads,
houses,
mines,
wind
parks,
agriculture,
trails,
etc
that
can
be
summarized
‘impervious
surfaces.’
Those
physical
impacts
actively
affecting
urban-driven
landscape
fragmentation.
Using
remote
sensing
data
Land
Cover
Database
(NLCD),
here
we
attempt
to
create
first
quantification
this
impact
Alaskan
its
We
quantified
these
using
well-established
metrics
tool
‘Fragstats’,
implemented
R
package
“landscapemetrics”
in
desktop
software
through
interface
a
Linux
Cloud-computing
environment.
This
workflow
allows
for
time
overcome
computational
limitations
conventional
Fragstats
reasonably
quick
timeframe.
Thereby,
able
analyze
land
large
approx.
1,517,733
km
2
(state
Alaska)
while
maintaining
high
assessment
resolution
30
m.
Based
traditional
methodology,
found
has
reported
c.
0.067%.
additionally
overlaid
other
features
were
not
included
input
highlight
overall
true
(
airports,
governance
boundaries
game
management
park
units,
.).
(human
layers),
Alaska’s
considerably
underestimated
meaningless
estimate.
The
state
more
seriously
fragmented
affected
by
humans
than
commonly
assumed.
Very
few
areas
truly
untouched
display
patch
density
with
corresponding
low
mean
sizes
throughout
study
area.
Instead,
likely
close
100%
several
metrics.
newly
created
insights,
provide
state-wide
inference
considerable
importance
entities
systems
overall,
especially
changing
climate.
Likewise,
methodological
framework
presented
shows
an
Open
Access
used
reference
reproduced
virtually
anywhere
else
planet
assess
realistic
large-scale
It
also
sustainable
stewardship
mitigation
policy.
Nature,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
629(8010), P. 105 - 113
Published: April 17, 2024
Abstract
Arctic
and
alpine
tundra
ecosystems
are
large
reservoirs
of
organic
carbon
1,2
.
Climate
warming
may
stimulate
ecosystem
respiration
release
into
the
atmosphere
3,4
The
magnitude
persistency
this
stimulation
environmental
mechanisms
that
drive
its
variation
remain
uncertain
5–7
This
hampers
accuracy
global
land
carbon–climate
feedback
projections
7,8
Here
we
synthesize
136
datasets
from
56
open-top
chamber
in
situ
experiments
located
at
28
arctic
sites
which
have
been
running
for
less
than
1
year
up
to
25
years.
We
show
a
mean
rise
1.4
°C
[confidence
interval
(CI)
0.9–2.0
°C]
air
0.4
[CI
0.2–0.7
soil
temperature
results
an
increase
growing
season
by
30%
22–38%]
(
n
=
136).
Our
findings
indicate
was
due
increases
both
plant-related
microbial
9)
continued
least
years
effects
on
driven
warming-induced
changes
local
conditions,
is,
total
nitrogen
concentration
pH
context-dependent
spatial
these
particular
carbon:nitrogen
ratio.
Tundra
with
stronger
limitations
had
stimulated
plant
nutrient
turnover
seemed
particularly
sensitive
their
response
warming.
highlight
importance
conditions
therein
future
climatic
impacts
respiration.
Wetlands,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
43(8)
Published: Nov. 28, 2023
Abstract
Wetlands
cover
a
small
portion
of
the
world,
but
have
disproportionate
influence
on
global
carbon
(C)
sequestration,
dioxide
and
methane
emissions,
aquatic
C
fluxes.
However,
underlying
biogeochemical
processes
that
affect
wetland
pools
fluxes
are
complex
dynamic,
making
measurements
challenging.
Over
decades
research,
many
observational,
experimental,
analytical
approaches
been
developed
to
understand
quantify
C.
Sampling
range
in
their
representation
from
short
long
timeframes
local
landscape
spatial
scales.
This
review
summarizes
common
cutting-edge
methodological
for
quantifying
We
first
define
each
major
provide
rationale
importance
dynamics.
For
approach,
we
clarify
what
component
is
measured
its
temporal
representativeness
constraints.
describe
practical
considerations
such
as
where
when
an
approach
typically
used,
who
can
conduct
(expertise,
training
requirements),
how
conducted,
including
equipment
complexity
costs.
Finally,
key
covariates
ancillary
enhance
interpretation
findings
facilitate
model
development.
The
protocols
measure
soil,
water,
vegetation,
gases
also
relevant
related
disciplines
ecology.
Improved
quality
consistency
data
collection
reporting
across
studies
will
help
reduce
uncertainties
develop
management
strategies
use
wetlands
nature-based
climate
solutions.
Trends in Microbiology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
32(1), P. 68 - 78
Published: July 25, 2023
Microbes
are
key
biodiversity
components
of
all
ecosystems
and
control
vital
ecosystem
functions.
Although
we
have
just
begun
to
unravel
the
scales
factors
that
regulate
microbial
communities,
their
role
in
mediating
stability
response
disturbances
remains
underexplored.
Here,
review
evidence
how,
when,
where
microbes
or
drive
disturbance
feedbacks.
Negative
feedbacks
dampen
impacts
disturbance,
which
maintain
stability,
whereas
positive
instead
erode
by
amplifying
disturbance.
Here
describe
processes
underlying
responses
using
a
hierarchy
functional
traits,
exemplify
how
these
may
biogeochemical
We
suggest
feedback
potential
traits
at
different
hierarchical
levels
is
contingent
on
complexity
heterogeneity
environment.
Microbial
functioning
intrinsically
linked
resistance
resilience
ecosystems.
impact
stability.
Functional
from
delineated
genotypes
community-wide
mediate
intensity
direction
Feedbacks
can
be
(amplifying)
negative
(dampening)
emerge
altered
cycling
related
responses.
Generalizable
frameworks
for
adapt
time
space
needed
increase
understanding
predictability
temporal
