Role of gene body methylation in acclimatization and adaptation in a basal metazoan

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 115(52), P. 13342 - 13346

Published: Dec. 7, 2018

Gene body methylation (GBM) has been hypothesized to modulate responses environmental change, including transgenerational plasticity, but the evidence thus far lacking. Here we show that coral fragments reciprocally transplanted between two distant reefs respond predominantly by increase or decrease in genome-wide GBM disparity: The range of levels lowly and highly methylated genes becomes either wider narrower. Remarkably, at a broad functional level this simple adjustment correlated very well with gene expression reflecting shifting balance expressions environmentally responsive housekeeping genes. In our experiment, corals lower-quality habitat up-regulated involved responses, while higher-quality invested more Transplanted showing closer match local attained higher fitness characteristics, which supports GBM's role acclimatization. Fixed differences populations did not align plastic changes were mostly observed elevated FST, suggests they arose through genetic divergence. However, cannot completely rule out inheritance acquired states.

Language: Английский

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Role of host genetics and heat‐tolerant algal symbionts in sustaining populations of the endangered coral Orbicella faveolata in the Florida Keys with ocean warming

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 25(3), P. 1016 - 1031

Published: Dec. 15, 2018

Abstract Identifying which factors lead to coral bleaching resistance is a priority given the global decline of reefs with ocean warming. During second year back‐to‐back events in Florida Keys 2014 and 2015, we characterized key environmental biological associated resilience threatened reef‐building Orbicella faveolata . Ten (five inshore, five offshore, 179 corals total) were sampled during (September 2015) recovery (May 2016). Corals genotyped 2b RAD profiled for algal symbiont abundance type. O. at inshore sites, despite higher temperatures, demonstrated significantly better compared offshore. The thermotolerant Durusdinium trenchii (formerly Symbiondinium ) was dominant endosymbiont type region‐wide initial (78.0% sampled) final (77.2%) sampling; >90% nonbleached dominated by D. host genotyping found no genetic structure among reefs, but sites showed high level clonality. While none measured parameters correlated bleaching, 71% variation 73% proportion attributable differences between genets, highlighting leading role genetics shaping natural patterns. Notably, rarely from previous studies, even bleaching. likely driven repeated two warmest years on record (2014 2015). On Upper Keys, most abundant, had highest resistance, contained , illustrating causal link heat tolerance ecosystem change.

Language: Английский

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The past, present, and future of coral heat stress studies

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 9(17), P. 10055 - 10066

Published: Aug. 22, 2019

Abstract The global loss and degradation of coral reefs, as a result intensified frequency severity bleaching events, is major concern. Evidence heat stress affecting corals through symbionts consequent was first reported in the 1930s. However, it not until 1998 event that urgency for studies became internationally recognized. Current efforts focus only on examining consequences but also finding strategies to potentially improve thermal tolerance aid reefs survival future climate scenarios. Although initial were limited comparison with modern technological tools, they provided foundation many today's research methods hypotheses. Technological advancements are providing new prospects at rapid pace. Understanding how have evolved important critical assessment their progress. This review summarizes development field date assesses avenues research.

Language: Английский

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The importance of phenotypic plasticity and local adaptation in driving intraspecific variability in thermal niches of marine macrophytes

Ecography, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 41(9), P. 1469 - 1484

Published: Oct. 7, 2017

Climate change is driving the redistribution of species at a global scale and documenting predicting species' responses to warming principal focus contemporary ecology. When interpreting their warming, are generally treated as single homogenous physiological units. However, local adaptation phenotypic plasticity can result in intraspecific differences thermal niche. Therefore, population loss may also not only occur from trailing edges. In with low dispersal capacity this will have profound impacts for whole, be offset by immigration warm tolerant individuals. Recent evidence terrestrial forests has shown that incorporation variation niche vital accurately warming. marine macrophytes (i.e. seagrasses seaweeds) form some world's most productive diverse ecosystems been examined same context. We conducted literature review determine how common physiology macrophytes. find 90% studies identified (n = 42) found clear between geographically separated populations. non‐trailing edge populations vulnerable future trends given limited capacity, such immigration. explore next generation sequencing (NGS) allowing unprecedented mechanistic insight into adaptation. conclude ‘genomic era’ it possible link understanding genetic level through changes providing novel insights on under climate change.

Language: Английский

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The strength and pattern of natural selection on gene expression in rice

Nature, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 578(7796), P. 572 - 576

Published: Feb. 12, 2020

Language: Английский

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Adaptation to reef habitats through selection on the coral animal and its associated microbiome

Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 27(14), P. 2956 - 2971

Published: June 14, 2018

Abstract Spatially adjacent habitats on coral reefs can represent highly distinct environments, often harbouring different communities. Yet, certain species thrive across divergent environments. It is unknown whether the forces of selection are sufficiently strong to overcome counteracting effects typically high gene flow over short distances, and for local adaptation occur. We screened genome (using restriction site‐associated sequencing) characterized both dinoflagellate photosymbiont‐ tissue‐associated prokaryote microbiomes metabarcoding) a reef flat slope population reef‐building coral, Pocillopora damicornis , at two locations Heron Island in southern Great Barrier Reef. Reef populations were separated by <100 m horizontally ~5 vertically, study ~1 km. For host, genetic divergence between was much greater than locations, suggesting limited populations. Consistent with environmental selection, outlier loci primarily belonged conserved, minimal cellular stress response, likely reflecting temperature irradiance regimes slope. The community differed habitat and, lesser extent, location, whereas photosymbionts but not location. observed intraspecific diversity associated supports that involves multiple members holobiont. Adaptive alleles or microbial associations present from environmentally variable may provide source adaptive variation assisted evolution approaches, through flow, artificial cross‐breeding probiotic inoculations, aim increase climate resilience

Language: Английский

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Host–symbiont combinations dictate the photo-physiological response of reef-building corals to thermal stress

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: July 10, 2019

Abstract High sea surface temperatures often lead to coral bleaching wherein reef-building corals lose significant numbers of their endosymbiotic dinoflagellates (Symbiodiniaceae). These increasingly frequent events result in large scale mortality, thereby devasting reef systems throughout the world. The habitats surrounding Palau are ideal for investigating responses climate perturbation, where many inshore bays subject higher water temperature as compared with offshore barrier reefs. We examined fourteen physiological traits response high across various symbiotic four common Pacific species, Acropora muricata , Coelastrea aspera Cyphastrea chalcidicum and Pachyseris rugosa found both habitats. Inshore were dominated by a single homogenous population stress tolerant symbiont Durusdinium trenchii yet thermal physiology differed significantly species. In contrast, harbored specific species Cladocopium spp. (ITS2 rDNA type-C) all experienced similar patterns photoinactivation loss when heated. Additionally, cell volume light absorption properties increased heated spp., leading greater photo-regulation. While was consistently muted relative counterparts, variability D . suggests that resilience among even most symbionts is still heavily influenced host environment.

Language: Английский

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Adaptation of plasticity to projected maximum temperatures and across climatically defined bioregions

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 117(29), P. 17112 - 17121

Published: July 9, 2020

Significance Adaptation to climate change is expected be influenced by thermal conditions experienced species during their evolutionary history. We studied plastic capacity as a target of climatic selection, hypothesizing that populations evolved under warmer climates have greater adaptive resilience change. This was tested experimentally comparing upper tolerance and gene expression in fish from desert, temperate, subtropical regions Australia. Divergent responses future were found across different bioregions, including key heat stress genes. The greatest shown the ecotype, followed desert temperate ecotypes. These results implications for large-scale assessments impacts predictions distribution changes.

Language: Английский

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The active spread of adaptive variation for reef resilience

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 9(19), P. 11122 - 11135

Published: Sept. 2, 2019

The speed at which species adapt depends partly on the rates of beneficial adaptation generation and how quickly they spread within among populations. Natural corals may not be able to keep pace with climate warming. Several interventions have been proposed fast-track thermal adaptation, including intentional translocation warm-adapted adults or their offspring (assisted gene flow, AGF) ex situ crossing conspecifics from cooler reefs (hybridization selective breeding) field deployment those offspring. introgression temperature tolerance loci into genomic background cooler-environment aims facilitate warming while maintaining fitness under local conditions. Here we use research sweeps connectivity understand adaptive variants as it applies AGF Great Barrier Reef (GBR), focusing genus Acropora. Using larval biophysical dispersal modeling, estimate levels natural in northern corals. We then model single multiple assess if assisted will occur fast enough prepare receiving central southern populations given current also fixation spatial extent release scenarios inform intervention design. Our results suggest that is unlikely beyond GBR without intervention, does, 30+ generations are needed for reach even scenarios. argue translocation, breeding, reseeding risks managed, using can restoration coral These should considered addition conventional management accompanied by strong mitigation CO2 emissions.

Language: Английский

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Resilience in reef‐building corals: The ecological and evolutionary importance of the host response to thermal stress

Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 29(3), P. 448 - 465

Published: Dec. 17, 2019

Coral reefs are under extreme threat due to a number of stressors, but temperature increases changing climate the most severe. Rising ocean temperatures coupled with local extremes lead extensive bleaching, where coral-algal symbiosis breaks down and corals may die, compromising structure function reefs. Although symbiotic nature coral colony has historically been focus research on resilience, host itself is foundational component in response thermal stress. Fixed effects set trait baselines through evolutionary processes, acting many loci small effect create mosaics tolerance across latitudes individual These genomic differences can be strongly heritable, producing wide variation among clones different genotypes or families specific larval cross. Phenotypic plasticity overlaid these growing body knowledge demonstrates potential for acclimatization reef-building variety mechanisms that promote resilience stress tolerance. The long-term persistence will require adjust warmer within generation, bridging gap reproductive events allow recombination standing diversity adaptive change. Business-as-usual scenarios probably loss some populations species future, so interaction between intragenerational pressure critical survival

Language: Английский

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