High exposure of global tree diversity to human pressure DOI Creative Commons
Wen‐Yong Guo, Josep M. Serra‐Diaz, Franziska Schrodt

et al.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 119(25)

Published: June 16, 2022

Safeguarding Earth's tree diversity is a conservation priority due to the importance of trees for biodiversity and ecosystem functions services such as carbon sequestration. Here, we improve foundation effective global by analyzing recently developed database species covering 46,752 species. We quantify range protection anthropogenic pressures each develop priorities across taxonomic, phylogenetic, functional dimensions. also assess effectiveness several influential proposed prioritization frameworks protect top 17% 50% areas. find that an average 50.2% species' occurs in 110-km grid cells without any protected areas (PAs), with 6,377 small-range fully unprotected, 83% experience nonnegligible human pressure their on average. Protecting high-priority thresholds would increase proportion 65.5% 82.6%, respectively, leaving many fewer (2,151 2,010) completely unprotected. The identified match well Global 200 Ecoregions framework, revealing large part optimize terrestrial overall. Based estimates >46,000 species, our findings show receive limited current PAs are under substantial pressure. Improved overall strongly benefit diversity.

Language: Английский

Forest biodiversity, ecosystem functioning and the provision of ecosystem services DOI Open Access
Eckehard G. Brockerhoff, Luc Barbaro, Bastien Castagneyrol

et al.

Biodiversity and Conservation, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 26(13), P. 3005 - 3035

Published: Nov. 4, 2017

Language: Английский

Citations

854
Deforestation and reforestation impacts on soils in the tropics DOI
Edzo Veldkamp, Marcus Schmidt, Jennifer S. Powers

et al.

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 1(11), P. 590 - 605

Published: Sept. 15, 2020

Language: Английский

Citations

226
The variation in microbial community structure under different heavy metal contamination levels in paddy soils DOI
Yaoben Lin, Yanmei Ye, Yiming Hu

et al.

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 180, P. 557 - 564

Published: May 23, 2019

Language: Английский

Citations

206
Land‐use change and biodiversity: Challenges for assembling evidence on the greatest threat to nature DOI
CHARLES DAVISON, Carsten Rahbek, Naia Morueta‐Holme

et al.

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 27(21), P. 5414 - 5429

Published: Aug. 15, 2021

Land-use change is considered the greatest threat to nature, having caused worldwide declines in abundance, diversity, and health of species ecosystems. Despite increasing research on this global driver, there are still challenges forming an effective synthesis. The estimated impact land-use biodiversity can depend location, methods, taxonomic focus, with recent meta-analyses reaching disparate conclusions. Here, we critically appraise body our ability reach a reliable consensus. We employ named entity recognition analyze more than 4000 abstracts, alongside full reading 100 randomly selected papers. highlight broad range study designs methodologies used; most common being local space-for-time comparisons that classify land use situ. Species metrics including distribution, diversity were measured frequently complex responses such as demography, vital rates, behavior. identified biases, vertebrates well represented while detritivores largely missing. Omitting group may hinder understanding how affects ecosystem feedback. Research was heavily biased toward temperate forested biomes North America Europe, warmer regions acutely underrepresented despite offering potential insights into future effects under novel climates. Various histories covered, although understudied Africa Middle East required capture regional differences form current historical practices. Failure address these will impede impacts biodiversity, limit reliability projections have repercussions for conservation threatened species. Beyond identifying literature priorities data gaps need urgent attention offer perspectives move forward.

Language: Английский

Citations

121
Rainforest transformation reallocates energy from green to brown food webs DOI Creative Commons
Anton Potapov, Jochen Drescher, Kevin Darras

et al.

Nature, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 627(8002), P. 116 - 122

Published: Feb. 14, 2024

Abstract Terrestrial animal biodiversity is increasingly being lost because of land-use change 1,2 . However, functional and energetic consequences aboveground belowground across trophic levels in megadiverse tropical ecosystems remain largely unknown. To fill this gap, we assessed changes energy fluxes ‘green’ (canopy arthropods birds) ‘brown’ (soil earthworms) food webs rainforests plantations Sumatra, Indonesia. Our results showed that most the channelled to web. Oil palm rubber had similar or, case agroforest, higher total compared rainforest but key nodes were distinctly different: more than 90% flux was by soil canopy, whereas 50% allocated annelids (earthworms). Land-use led a consistent decline multitrophic aboveground, responded with reduced levels, down −90%, shifts from slow (fungal) fast (bacterial) channels faeces production towards consumption organic matter. This coincides previously reported carbon stock depletion 3 Here show well-documented declines 4–6 are associated vast restructuring ecosystem compartments.

Language: Английский

Citations

23
Intensive tropical land use massively shifts soil fungal communities DOI Creative Commons

Nicole Brinkmann,

Dominik Schneider,

Josephine Sahner

et al.

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: March 4, 2019

Soil fungi are key players in nutrient cycles as decomposers, mutualists and pathogens, but the impact of tropical rain forest transformation into rubber or oil palm plantations on fungal community structures their ecological functions unknown. We hypothesized that increasing land use intensity habitat loss due to replacement hyperdiverse flora by nonendemic cash crops drives a drastic diversity soil taxa impairs functions. Unexpectedly, conversion was not associated with strong massive shifts composition. Fungal communities clustered according system plant species. Network analysis revealed characteristic genera significantly different systems. Shifts structure were particularly distinct among trophic groups, substantial decreases symbiotrophic increases saprotrophic pathotrophic comparison forests. In conclusion, forests current systems restructure towards enhanced pathogen pressure and, thus, threaten ecosystem health

Language: Английский

Citations

121
Past and potential future effects of habitat fragmentation on structure and stability of plant–pollinator and host–parasitoid networks DOI
Ingo Graß, Birgit Jauker, Ingolf Steffan‐Dewenter

et al.

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 2(9), P. 1408 - 1417

Published: July 20, 2018

Language: Английский

Citations

118
Global effects of land use on biodiversity differ among functional groups DOI
Tim Newbold, Laura Bentley, Samantha L. L. Hill

et al.

Functional Ecology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 34(3), P. 684 - 693

Published: Jan. 20, 2020

Abstract Human land use has caused substantial declines in global species richness. Evidence from different taxonomic groups and geographic regions suggests that does not equally impact all organisms within terrestrial ecological communities, functional of may respond differently. In particular, we expect large carnivores to decline more disturbed uses than other animal groups. We present the first synthesis responses across using data a wide set species, including herbivores, omnivores, carnivores, fungivores detritivores; ranging body mass 2 × 10 −6 g (an oribatid mite) 3,825 kg (the African elephant). show abundance endotherms, small ectotherms, (although last case, significantly) are reduced disproportionately human compared with The results, suggesting certain consistently favoured over others used by humans, imply restructuring communities. Given make unique contributions processes, it is likely there will be impacts on functioning ecosystems. A free Plain Language Summary can found Supporting Information this article.

Language: Английский

Citations

115
Mixed-species tree plantings enhance structural complexity in oil palm plantations DOI
Delphine Clara Zemp, Martin Ehbrecht, Dominik Seidel

et al.

Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 283, P. 106564 - 106564

Published: June 20, 2019

Language: Английский

Citations

86
Measured greenhouse gas budgets challenge emission savings from palm-oil biodiesel DOI Creative Commons
Ana Meijide, Cristina de la Rúa, Thomas Guillaume

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Feb. 27, 2020

The potential of palm-oil biofuels to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions compared with fossil fuels is increasingly questioned. So far, no measurement-based GHG budgets were available, and plantation age was ignored in Life Cycle Analyses (LCA). Here, we conduct LCA based on measured CO2, CH4 N2O fluxes young mature Indonesian oil palm plantations. CO2 dominates the on-site budgets. a carbon source (1012 ± 51 gC m-2 yr-1), sink (-754 38 yr-1). considering shows higher for biodiesel than traditional assuming neutrality. Plantation rotation-cycle extension earlier-yielding varieties potentially decrease emissions. Due high associated forest conversion palm, our results indicate that only from second plantations or established degraded land has pronounced emission savings.

Language: Английский

Citations

78